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Luo G, Yuan Y, Li D, Li N, Yuan G. Cyanide-free electrolyte for Au/Co-Au nano-multilayer electrodeposition utilising 5,5-dimethylhydantoin as a complexing agent. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8003-8008. [PMID: 35424762 PMCID: PMC8982421 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00104g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel cyanide-free electrolyte was used in electrodepositing Au/Co-Au nano-multilayers. Firstly, an optimised electrolyte for Au-Co alloy electrodeposition was obtained from orthogonal experiments. The effect of current density and potential values on the deposited composition was investigated. Results showed that low current density and over-potential value promoted Au deposition. A large current density and high over-potential value resulted in high cobalt concentration. The co-deposition of gold and cobalt in this study system was canonical. When the electrode potential was positive (-0.6 V, -0.7 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE)), only gold was deposited; when the potential was negative (-0.8 V vs. SCE), gold and cobalt were co-deposited. Using an optimised cyanide-free electrolyte produced Au/94.07 at% Co-Au multi-layers with a gold layer of approximately 20 nm and a 94.07 at% Co-Au alloy layer of approximately 90 nm in the 5,5-dimethylhydantoin-containing, cyanide-free system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Luo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Deyu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Guohui Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
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Misra RDK, Ha T, Kadmon Y, Powell CJ, Stiles MD, McMichael RD, Egelhoff WF. Stm Studies of GMR Spin Valves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-384-373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWe have investigated the surface roughness and the grain size in giant magnetoresistance (GMR) spin valve multilayers of the general type: FeMn/Ni80Fe20Co/Cu/Co/Ni80Fe20 on glass and aluminum oxide substrates by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The two substrates give very similar results. These polycrystalline GMR multilayers have a tendency to exhibit larger grain size and increased roughness with increasing thickness of the metal layers. Samples deposited at a low substrate temperature (150 K) exhibit smaller grains and less roughness. Valleys between the dome-shaped individual grainsare the dominant form of roughness. This roughness contributes to the ferromagnetic, magnetostatic coupling in these films, an effect termed “orange peel” coupling by Néel. We have calculated the strength of this coupling, based on our STM images, and obtain values generally within about 20% of the experimental values. It appears likely that the ferromagnetic coupling generally attributed to so-called “pinholes” in the Cu when the Cu film thickness is too small is actually “orange peel” coupling caused by these valleys.
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Kong Y, Kong LT, Liu BX. First-principles calculations of the structural stability and magnetic property of the metastable phases in the equilibrium immiscible Co-Au system. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2006; 18:4345-4353. [PMID: 21690786 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/17/020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the energetic sequence of the alloy phases in the Co-Au system, the lattice constants, cohesive energies, and bulk modulus of the fcc Au, hcp Co, the B1, B2, and L1(0) structured CoAu phases, and the D0(3), L1(2), and D0(19) structured Co(3)Au and CoAu(3) phases, respectively, are acquired by first-principles calculations within the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) as well as within the local density approximation (LDA). In addition, the magnetic moment of the Co atom in the studied phases are also calculated. To further examine the structural stability, the elastic constants of the studied phases are calculated and the results suggest that the fcc-type structures could be elastically stable at Co/Au = 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1, whereas the hcp-type structures could be stable at Co/Au = 1:3 and 3:1. Moreover, the spatial valence charge density (SVCD) and spin density of the studied phases are also calculated to clarify the physical origin of the structural stability. It turns out that, in the relatively stable phases, the high SVCDs mostly distribute between the similar atoms, thus forming the attractive covalent bonding to stabilize the respective structures, and that the spin density may also play an important role in influencing the stability of the ferromagnetic metastable phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kong
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China. State Key Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 200039, People's Republic of China
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Carmeli I, Skakalova V, Naaman R, Vager Z. Magnetization of Chiral Monolayers of Polypeptide: A Possible Source of Magnetism in Some Biological Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020301)114:5<787::aid-ange787>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chapter 1 Interlayer exchange coupling in layered magnetic structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-2719(01)13005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Safarov VI, Kosobukin VA, Hermann C, Lampel G, Peretti J, Marlière C. Magneto-optical Effects Enhanced by Surface Plasmons in Metallic Multilayer Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:3584-3587. [PMID: 10057420 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Lassailly Y, Drouhin H, Lampel G, Marlière C. Spin-dependent transmission of low-energy electrons through ultrathin magnetic layers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:13054-13057. [PMID: 9975490 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Xing L, Chang YC. Theory of giant magnetoresistance in magnetic granular systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:4156-4159. [PMID: 10008874 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.4156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Parkin SS, Modak A, Smith DJ. Dependence of giant magnetoresistance on Cu-layer thickness in Co/Cu multilayers: A simple dilution effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:9136-9139. [PMID: 10004973 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.9136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Xiao JQ, Jiang JS, Chien CL. Giant magnetoresistance in nonmultilayer magnetic systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:3749-3752. [PMID: 10045787 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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Egelhoff WF, Kief MT. Antiferromagnetic coupling in Fe/Cu/Fe and Co/Cu/Co multilayers on Cu(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:7795-7804. [PMID: 10000588 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.7795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Dieny B, Humbert P, Speriosu VS, Metin S, Gurney BA, Baumgart P, Lefakis H. Giant magnetoresistance of magnetically soft sandwiches: Dependence on temperature and on layer thicknesses. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:806-813. [PMID: 10001122 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Hasegawa H. Calculation of electronic and magnetic structures of Fe/Cr, Co/Cr, and Ni/Cr multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:10803-10807. [PMID: 9996812 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.10803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Dieny B, Speriosu VS, Parkin SS, Gurney BA, Wilhoit DR, Mauri D. Giant magnetoresistive in soft ferromagnetic multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:1297-1300. [PMID: 9996352 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Barnas J, Fuss A, Camley RE, Grünberg P, Zinn W. Novel magnetoresistance effect in layered magnetic structures: Theory and experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 42:8110-8120. [PMID: 9994981 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.8110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Vavra W, Lee CH, Lamelas FJ, He H, Clarke R, Uher C. Magnetoresistance and Hall effect in epitaxial Co-Au superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 42:4889-4892. [PMID: 9996048 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Camley RE, Kwo J, Hong M, Chien CL. Magnetic properties of Gd/Dy superlattices: Experiment and theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1990; 64:2703-2706. [PMID: 10041788 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.64.2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Bruno P, Renard JP. Magnetic surface anisotropy of transition metal ultrathin films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00617016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Camley RE, Barnas J. Theory of giant magnetoresistance effects in magnetic layered structures with antiferromagnetic coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1989; 63:664-667. [PMID: 10041140 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.63.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Araki S, Takahata T, Shinjo T. Magnetic and magnetoresistive properties of Au/Co superlattices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.3379/jmsjmag.13.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Baibich MN, Broto JM, Fert A, Petroff F, Etienne P, Creuzet G, Friederich A, Chazelas J. Giant magnetoresistance of (001)Fe/(001)Cr magnetic superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 61:2472-2475. [PMID: 10039127 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1392] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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