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Gul Y, Holmes SN, Cho CW, Piot B, Myronov M, Pepper M. Two-dimensional localization in GeSn. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:485301. [PMID: 36202078 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac9814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Localization behaviour is a characteristic feature of thep-type GeSn quantum well (QW) system in a metal-insulator-semiconductor device. The transition to strongly localized behaviour is abrupt with thermally activated conductivity and a high temperature intercept of 0.12 ×e2ħ-1at a hole carrier density 1.55 × 1011cm-2. The activation energy for the conductivity in the localized state is 0.40 ± 0.05 meV compared to an activation energy of ∼0.1 meV for conductivity activation to a mobility edge at carrier densities >1.55 × 1011cm-2. Insulating behaviour can occur from a system that behaves as though it is in a minimum metallic state, albeit at high temperature, or from a conductivity greater than a minimum metallic state behaviour showing that local disorder conditions with local differences in the density of states are important for the onset of localization. In the presence of a high magnetic field, thermally activated conductivity is present down to Landau level filling factor <1/2but without a magnetic-field-dependent carrier density or a variable range hopping (VRH) transport behaviour developing even with conductivity ≪e2h-1. In the localized transport regime inp-type doped Ge0.92Sn0.08QWs the VRH mechanism is suppressed at temperatures >100 mK and this makes this two-dimensional system ideal for future many body localization studies in disordered hole gases that can be thermally isolated from a temperature reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gul
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - S N Holmes
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | | | - B Piot
- LNCMI-CNRS, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - M Myronov
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M Pepper
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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Ramanayaka AN, Tang K, Hagmann JA, Kim HS, Simons DS, Richter CA, Pomeroy JM. Use of quantum effects as potential qualifying metrics for "quantum grade silicon". AIP ADVANCES 2019; 9:10.1063/1.5128098. [PMID: 38680503 PMCID: PMC11047298 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Across solid state quantum information, materials deficiencies limit performance through enhanced relaxation, charge defect motion or isotopic spin noise. While classical measurements of device performance provide cursory guidance, specific qualifying metrics and measurements applicable to quantum devices are needed. For quantum applications, new materials metrics, e.g., enrichment, are needed, while existing, classical metrics like mobility might be relaxed compared to conventional electronics. In this work, we examine locally grown silicon superior in enrichment, but inferior in chemical purity compared to commercial-silicon, as part of an effort to underpin the materials standards needed for quantum grade silicon and establish a standard approach for intercomparison of these materials. We use a custom, mass-selected ion beam deposition technique, which has produced isotopic enrichment levels up to 99.99998 % 28Si, to isotopically enrich 28Si, but with chemical purity > 99.97% due the MBE techniques used. From this epitaxial silicon, we fabricate top-gated Hall bar devices simultaneously on the 28Si and on the adjacent natural abundance Si substrate for intercomparison. Using standard-methods, we measure maximum mobilities of ≈ ( 1740 ± 2 ) cm 2 / ( V ⋅ s ) at an electron density of ( 2.7 × 10 12 ± 3 × 10 8 ) cm-2 and ≈ ( 6040 ± 3 ) cm 2 / ( V ⋅ s ) at an electron density of ( 1.2 × 10 12 ± 5 × 10 8 ) cm-2 at T = 1.9 K for devices fabricated on 28Si and natSi, respectively. For magnetic fields B > 2 T, both devices demonstrate well developed Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations in the longitudinal magnetoresistance. This provides transport characteristics of isotopically enriched 28Si, and will serve as a benchmark for classical transport of 28Si at its current state, and low temperature, epitaxially grown Si for quantum devices more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Ramanayaka
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Ke Tang
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J. A. Hagmann
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D. S. Simons
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - C. A. Richter
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - J. M. Pomeroy
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Sarkar S, Amin KR, Modak R, Singh A, Mukerjee S, Bid A. Role of different scattering mechanisms on the temperature dependence of transport in graphene. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16772. [PMID: 26608479 PMCID: PMC4660441 DOI: 10.1038/srep16772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed experimental and theoretical studies of the temperature dependence of the effect of different scattering mechanisms on electrical transport properties of graphene devices are presented. We find that for high mobility devices the transport properties are mainly governed by completely screened short range impurity scattering. On the other hand, for the low mobility devices transport properties are determined by both types of scattering potentials - long range due to ionized impurities and short range due to completely screened charged impurities. The results could be explained in the framework of Boltzmann transport equations involving the two independent scattering mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Ranjan Modak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Subroto Mukerjee
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Aveek Bid
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Maryenko D, Falson J, Kozuka Y, Tsukazaki A, Onoda M, Aoki H, Kawasaki M. Temperature-dependent magnetotransport around ν=1/2 in ZnO heterostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:186803. [PMID: 22681102 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.186803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The sequence of prominent fractional quantum Hall states up to ν=5/11 around ν=1/2 in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system confined at oxide heterointerface (ZnO) is analyzed in terms of the composite fermion model. The temperature dependence of R(xx) oscillations around ν=1/2 yields an estimation of the composite fermion effective mass, which increases linearly with the magnetic field. This mass is of similar value to an enhanced electron effective mass, which in itself arises from strong electron interaction. The energy gaps of fractional states and the temperature dependence of R(xx) at ν=1/2 point to large residual interactions between composite fermions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maryenko
- Correlated Electron Research Group (CERG), RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako 351-0198, Japan.
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Bell M, Sergeev A, Bird JP, Mitin V, Verevkin A. Crossover from Fermi liquid to multichannel Luttinger liquid in high-mobility quantum wires. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:046805. [PMID: 20366730 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.046805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electrical conductance of long, high-mobility quantum wires formed by the split-gate technique, which allows for adjustment of the wire width and the number of one-dimensional electron subbands, n. In wires with 3<or=n<or=8, a logarithmic temperature dependence of the conductance is observed for 1<T<10 K, which reaches as much as 30% of the Drude conductance. In even narrower wires, the logarithmic dependence changes to a power-law variation. Our observations are shown to be in good agreement with recent theoretical studies, which attribute the logarithmic term to interaction effects in a weakly disordered quasi-one-dimensional conductor. This interaction correction is associated with the emergence of a crossover from a quasi-one-dimensional weakly disordered Fermi liquid to a multichannel Luttinger liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bell
- Electrical Engineering Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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Schmalz K, Yassievich IN, Collart EJ, Gravesteijn DJ. Deep-level transient spectroscopy study of narrow SiGe quantum wells with high Ge content. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:16799-16812. [PMID: 9985810 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.16799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Friedland K, Hey R, Kostial H, Klann R, Ploog K. New Concept for the Reduction of Impurity Scattering in Remotely Doped GaAs Quantum Wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:4616-4619. [PMID: 10062583 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Turner N, Nicholls JT, Linfield EH, Brown KM, Jones GA, Ritchie DA. Tunneling between parallel two-dimensional electron gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:10614-10624. [PMID: 9984858 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.10614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Harrison N, Bogaerts R, Reinders PH, Singleton J, Blundell SJ, Herlach F. Numerical model of quantum oscillations in quasi-two-dimensional organic metals in high magnetic fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:9977-9987. [PMID: 9984734 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.9977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Takahashi Y. Monte Carlo simulations of the spatial transport of excitons in a quantum well structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:7322-7333. [PMID: 9982180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.7322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Wetzel C, Winkler R, Drechsler M, Meyer BK, Rössler U, Scriba J, Kotthaus JP, Härle V, Scholz F. Electron effective mass and nonparabolicity in Ga0.47In0.53As/InP quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:1038-1041. [PMID: 9983549 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Gold A, Ghazali A. Density of states of the one-dimensional electron gas: Impurity levels, impurity bands, and the band tail. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:16480-16493. [PMID: 10010800 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.16480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Laikhtman B. Anomalous classical diffusion of high mobility 2D electron gas in magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:1060-1063. [PMID: 10056607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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14
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Szott W, Jedrzejek C, Kirk WP. Influence of bandwidth and dopant profile on quantum interference from superlattice transport studies. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:8963-8979. [PMID: 10007116 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.8963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Das B, Subramaniam S, Melloch MR, Miller DC. Single-particle and transport scattering times in a back-gated GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs modulation-doped heterostructure. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:9650-9653. [PMID: 10005033 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.9650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Laikhtman B, Kiehl RA. Theoretical hole mobility in a narrow Si/SiGe quantum well. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:10515-10527. [PMID: 10005164 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.10515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Gold A. Single-particle relaxation time of one-dimensional electron gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:2339-2345. [PMID: 10003908 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bacher G, Kovac J, Streubel K, Schweizer H, Scholz F. Exciton dynamics for extended monolayer islands in thin In0.53Ga0.47As/InP quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:9136-9144. [PMID: 10000776 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.9136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Hillmer H, Forchel A, Tu CW. Enhancement of electron-hole pair mobilities in thin GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:1240-1245. [PMID: 10001600 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Gold A. Metal-insulator transition in AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs heterostructures with large spacer width. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:8818-8824. [PMID: 9998839 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.8818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Ferreira R, Bastard G. "Spin"-flip scattering of holes in semiconductor quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:9687-9691. [PMID: 9996667 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.9687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Bockelmann U, Abstreiter G, Weimann G, Schlapp W. Single-particle and transport scattering times in narrow GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:7864-7867. [PMID: 9993088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Gold A. Temperature dependence of mobility in AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs heterostructures for impurity scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:8537-8540. [PMID: 9993185 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.8537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Gold A. Enhanced plasmon anomaly in the dynamical conductivity of heterostructures with large spacer. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:3608-3619. [PMID: 9994159 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.3608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Gold A. Barrier penetration effects for electrons in quantum wells: screening, mobility, and shallow impurity states. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01307238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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