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Borghesani AF, Bonifaci N, Khrapak AG, Atrazhev VM. New analysis of the temperature-dependent threshold density for electron self-trapping in gaseous helium. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:244306. [PMID: 38912628 DOI: 10.1063/5.0214275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the results of a new analysis of the literature data on electron mobility μ in dense helium gas aimed at determining the existence of a threshold density for electron self-trapping in gaseous helium as a function of temperature. We have investigated the density dependence of μ and, when available, its dependence on the electric field. The experimental data are favorably rationalized by minimizing the excess free energy of the self-localized states within the optimum fluctuation model. It is shown that the formation of electron bubbles via the self-trapping phenomenon is determined by the delicate balance between the electron thermal energy, the density dependence of the electron energy at the bottom of the conduction band in the gas, and the work necessary to expand the bubble. We show that the self-trapping phenomenon is not limited to low temperatures but occurs at any temperatures for large enough densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Borghesani
- CNISM Unit, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy
| | - N Bonifaci
- G2ELab, C.N.R.S. Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - A G Khrapak
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Atrazhev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Aitken F, Bonifaci N, von Haeften K, Eloranta J. Theoretical modeling of electron mobility in superfluid 4He. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:044105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4959293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Aitken
- G2ELab-GreEn-ER, Equipe MDE, 21 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90624, 38031 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Nelly Bonifaci
- G2ELab-GreEn-ER, Equipe MDE, 21 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90624, 38031 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Klaus von Haeften
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jussi Eloranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, California 91330, USA
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Mateo D, Jin D, Barranco M, Pi M. Excited electron-bubble states in superfluid 4He: A time-dependent density functional approach. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:044507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3544216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Aitken F, Li ZL, Bonifaci N, Denat A, von Haeften K. Electron mobility in liquid and supercritical helium measured using corona discharges: a new semi-empirical model for cavity formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:719-24. [PMID: 21052578 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00786b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron mobilities in supercritical and liquid helium were investigated as a function of the density. The mobilities were derived from I(V) curves measured in a high-pressure cryogenic cell using a corona discharge in point-plane electrode geometry for charge generation. The presented data spans a wide pressure and temperature range due to the versatility of our experimental set-up. Where data from previous investigations is available for comparison, very good agreement is found. We present a semi-empirical model to calculate electron mobilities both in the liquid and supercritical phase. This model requires the electron-helium scattering length and thermodynamic state equations as the only input and circumvents any need to consider surface tension. Our semi-empirical model reproduces experimental data very well, in particular towards lower densities where transitions from localised to delocalised electron states were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aitken
- G2ELab-CNRS, 25 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France.
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5
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Fang J, Dementyev AE, Tempere J, Silvera IF. Thermionic emission and a novel electron collector in a liquid helium environment. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:043901. [PMID: 19405669 DOI: 10.1063/1.3103944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We study two techniques to create electrons in a liquid helium environment. One is thermionic emission of tungsten filaments in a low temperature cell in the vapor phase with a superfluid helium film covering all surfaces; the other is operating a glowing filament immersed in bulk liquid helium. We present both the steady state and rapid sweep I-V curves and the electron current yield. These curves, having a negative dynamic resistance region, differ remarkably from those of a vacuum tube filament. A novel low temperature vapor-phase electron collector for which the insulating helium film on the collector surface can be removed is used to measure emission current. We also discuss our achievement of producing multielectron bubbles in liquid helium by a new method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fang
- Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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6
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Iguchi K, Aratono Y, Kumada T, Okuno K. Pressure effect to chemical reaction, hydrogen isotope recombination reactions in liquid helium at cryogenic temperature — Part II. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-7280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Iguchi K, Aratono Y, Kumada T, Okuno K. Pressure effect in hydrogen isotope recombination reactions in liquid helium at cryogenic temperature. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-7017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Shkrob IA. Ammoniated electron as a solvent stabilized multimer radical anion. J Phys Chem A 2007; 110:3967-76. [PMID: 16539419 DOI: 10.1021/jp055500z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The excess electron in liquid ammonia ("ammoniated electron") is commonly viewed as a cavity electron in which the s-type wave function fills the interstitial void between 6 and 9 ammonia molecules. Here we examine an alternative model in which the ammoniated electron is regarded as a solvent stabilized multimer radical anion in which most of the excess electron density resides in the frontier orbitals of N atoms in the ammonia molecules forming the solvation cavity. The cavity is formed due to the repulsion between negatively charged solvent molecules. Using density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that such core anions would semiquantitatively account for the observed pattern of Knight shifts for 1H and 14N nuclei observed by NMR spectroscopy and the downshifted stretching and bending modes observed by infrared spectroscopy. We speculate that the excess electrons in other aprotic solvents might be, in this respect, analogous to the ammoniated electron, with substantial transfer of the spin density into the frontier N and C orbitals of methyl, amino, and amide groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A Shkrob
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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Pi M, Mayol R, Hernando A, Barranco M, Ancilotto F. Explosion of electron bubbles attached to quantized vortices in liquid He4. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:244502. [PMID: 17614559 DOI: 10.1063/1.2745297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron bubbles in superfluid (4)He have been recently observed in low-temperature cavitation measurements under experimental conditions where quantized vortices are also present in the liquid, and which might be attached to the bubbles. We have calculated, within density functional theory, the structure and energetics of electron bubbles pinned to linear vortices in liquid (4)He at low temperature, and the pressure at which such structures become mechanically unstable. Our results are in semiquantitative agreement with the experiments. We discuss dynamical effects not included in the theoretical model used in the present calculations, and which could explain some discrepancies between our results and the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Pi
- Departament ECM, Facultat de Física, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Rosenblit M, Jortner J. Electron bubbles in helium clusters. I. Structure and energetics. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:194505. [PMID: 16729823 DOI: 10.1063/1.2192780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper we present a theoretical study of the structure, energetics, potential energy surfaces, and energetic stability of excess electron bubbles in ((4)He)(N) (N=6500-10(6)) clusters. The subsystem of the helium atoms was treated by the density functional method. The density profile was specified by a void (i.e., an empty bubble) at the cluster center, a rising profile towards a constant interior value (described by a power exponential), and a decreasing profile near the cluster surface (described in terms of a Gudermannian function). The cluster surface density profile width (approximately 6 A) weakly depends on the bubble radius R(b), while the interior surface profile widths (approximately 4-8 A) increase with increasing R(b). The cluster deformation energy E(d) accompanying the bubble formation originates from the bubble surface energy, the exterior cluster surface energy change, and the energy increase due to intracluster density changes, with the latter term providing the dominant contribution for N=6500-2 x 10(5). The excess electron energy E(e) was calculated at a fixed nuclear configuration using a pseudopotential method, with an effective (nonlocal) potential, which incorporates repulsion and polarization effects. Concurrently, the energy V(0) of the quasi-free-electron within the deformed cluster was calculated. The total electron bubble energies E(t)=E(e)+E(d), which represent the energetic configurational diagrams of E(t) vs R(b) (at fixed N), provide the equilibrium bubble radii R(b) (c) and the corresponding total equilibrium energies E(t) (e), with E(t) (e)(R(e)) decreasing (increasing) with increasing N (i.e., at N=6500, R(e)=13.5 A and E(t) (e)=0.86 eV, while at N=1.8 x 10(5), R(e)=16.6 A and E(t) (e)=0.39 eV). The cluster size dependence of the energy gap (V(0)-E(t) (e)) allows for the estimate of the minimal ((4)He)(N) cluster size of N approximately 5200 for which the electron bubble is energetically stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosenblit
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Shkrob IA, Sauer MC. Photostimulated electron detrapping and the two-state model for electron transport in nonpolar liquids. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:134503. [PMID: 15847477 DOI: 10.1063/1.1871938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In common nonpolar liquids, such as saturated hydrocarbons, there is a dynamic equilibrium between trapped (localized) and quasifree (extended) states of the excess electron (the two-state model). Using time-resolved dc conductivity, the effect of 1064 nm laser photoexcitation of trapped electrons on the charge transport has been observed in liquid n-hexane and methylcyclohexane. The light promotes the electron from the trap into the conduction band of the liquid. From the analysis of the two-pulse, two-color photoconductivity data, the residence time of the electrons in traps has been estimated as ca. 8.3 ps for n-hexane and ca. 13 ps for methylcyclohexane (at 295 K). The rate of detrapping decreases at lower temperature with an activation energy of ca. 200 meV (280-320 K); the lifetime-mobility product for quasifree electrons scales linearly with the temperature. We suggest that the properties of trapped electrons in hydrocarbon liquids can be well accounted for using the simple spherical cavity model. The estimated localization time of the quasifree electron is 20-50 fs; both time estimates are in agreement with the "quasiballistic" model. This localization time is significantly lower than the value of 310+/-100 fs obtained using time-domain terahertz (THz) spectroscopy for the same system [E. Knoesel, M. Bonn, J. Shan, F. Wang, and T. F. Heinz, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 394 (2004)]. We suggest that the THz signal originates from the oscillations of electron bubbles rather than the free-electron plasma; vibrations of these bubbles may be responsible for the deviations from the Drude behavior observed below 0.4 THz. Various implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A Shkrob
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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12
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Aratono Y, Iguchi K, Okuno K, Kumada T. Influence of Superfluidity on Recombination Reactions of H + T → HT and T + T → T 2 in 3He− 4He Quantum Media under Saturated Vapor Pressure at 1.6 K. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021765r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Aratono
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, and Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kazunari Iguchi
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, and Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kenji Okuno
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, and Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kumada
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, and Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Eloranta J, Apkarian VA. A time dependent density functional treatment of superfluid dynamics: Equilibration of the electron bubble in superfluid 4He. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1520139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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14
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Borghesani AF, Santini M. High-temperature electron localization in dense He gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 65:056403. [PMID: 12059711 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.056403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report accurate measurements of the mobility of excess electrons in high-density helium gas in extended ranges of temperature [(26 < or = T < or = 77) K] and density [(0.05 < or = N < or = 10.0) atoms nm(-3)]. The aim is the investigation of the combined effect of temperature and density on the formation and dynamics of localized electron states. The main result of the experiment is that the formation of localized states essentially depends on the relative balance of fluid dilation energy, repulsive electron-atom interaction energy, and thermal energy. As a consequence, the onset of localization depends on the medium disorder through gas temperature and density. The transition from delocalized to localized states shifts to larger densities as temperature is increased. This behavior can be understood in terms of a simple model of electron self-trapping in a spherically symmetric square well.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Borghesani
- Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Dipartimento di Fisica G. Galilei, Università di Padova, via F. Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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15
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Tempere J, Silvera IF, Devreese JT. Effect of pressure on statics, dynamics, and stability of multielectron bubbles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:275301. [PMID: 11800888 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.275301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of positive and negative pressure on the modes of oscillation of a multielectron bubble in liquid helium is calculated. Already at low pressures of the order of 10-100 mbar, these effects are found to significantly modify the frequencies of oscillation of the bubble. Stabilization of the bubble is shown to occur in the presence of a small negative pressure, which expands the bubble radius. Above a threshold negative pressure, the bubble is unstable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tempere
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 14-A Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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17
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Shinoda K, Miura S, Okazaki S. A molecular approach to quantum fluids based on a generalized Ornstein–Zernike integral equation. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1359480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Kumada T, Mori S, Kumagai J, Aratono Y, Miyazaki T. Observation of Electron Bubbles in para-H2−D2 (HD) Mixtures by High-Resolution ESR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991650w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kumada
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shoji Mori
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Jun Kumagai
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Aratono
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Miyazaki
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Abstract
Laser ablation of in situ metals has recently made it possible to immerse a large number of different metal atoms and ions and small clusters of metal atoms in liquid helium (He) and thus study their absorption and emission spectra in the visible region. Atoms and molecules are readily picked up by large (N > or = 103 atoms) He droplets, and their spectra are sensitively detected through the use of either beam depletion following absorption or laser-induced fluorescence. Within the past three years, a wide variety of molecules, ranging from OCS to large organic molecules such as amino acids and a number of van der Waals complexes and even large metal clusters, have been embedded in He droplets and studied either in infrared or in the visible region. These results are discussed here in detail, and the evidence for the effect of superfluidity on the spectral features is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Toennies
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strömungsforschung, Goettingen, Germany
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21
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Spectroscopy and microscopic theory of doped helium clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5467(98)80014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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22
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Rosenblit M, Jortner J. Dynamics of Excess Electron Localization in Liquid Helium and Neon. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962625i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosenblit
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joshua Jortner
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
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Kinoshita T, Fukuda K, Yabuzaki T. Doubly shaped D2 excitation spectra of Cs and Rb atoms in superfluid helium due to a quadrupole bubble surface oscillation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:6600-6607. [PMID: 9986678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.6600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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24
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Rosenblit M, Jortner J. Dynamics of the formation of an electron bubble in liquid helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:4079-4082. [PMID: 10059809 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.4079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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25
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Kinoshita T, Fukuda K, Takahashi Y, Yabuzaki T. Optical properties of alkali-metal atoms in pressurized liquid helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:2707-2716. [PMID: 9912552 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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26
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Kanorsky SI, Arndt M, Dziewior R, Weis A, Hänsch TW. Pressure shift and broadening of the resonance line of barium atoms in liquid helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:6296-6302. [PMID: 9977006 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.6296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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27
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Leung K, Chandler D. Phase diagram for excess electrons in simple fluids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1994; 49:2851-2865. [PMID: 9961551 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.49.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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28
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Kanorsky SI, Arndt M, Dziewior R, Weis A, Hänsch TW. Optical spectroscopy of atoms trapped in solid helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:3645-3647. [PMID: 10011246 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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29
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Fujisaki A, Sano K, Kinoshita T, Takahashi Y, Yabuzaki T. Implantation of neutral atoms into liquid helium by laser sputtering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:1039-1042. [PMID: 10055433 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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30
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Jiang T, Kim C, Northby JA. Electron attachment to helium microdroplets: Creation induced magic? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:700-703. [PMID: 10055344 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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31
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Boltjes B, de Graaf C, Rettschnick RPH, de Leeuw SW. Quantum molecular dynamic simulation of an excess electron in dense helium. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.463585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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32
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Grimes CC, Adams G. Infrared-absorption spectrum of the electron bubble in liquid helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:2305-2310. [PMID: 10001752 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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