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Rana D, Donfack P, Jovanov V, Wagner V, Materny A. Ultrafast polaron-pair dynamics in a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) device influenced by a static electric field: insights into electric-field-related charge loss. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21236-21248. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03736e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photogenerated polaron-pair ultrafast dynamics in poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based devices are found to be influenced by external electric fields via delayed field-induced singlet exciton dissociation, yielding a bimolecular decay contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debkumar Rana
- Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Patrice Donfack
- Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Vladislav Jovanov
- Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Veit Wagner
- Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Arnulf Materny
- Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
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2
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Huo MM, Hu R, Yan W, Wang YT, Chee KWA, Wang Y, Zhang JP. Acceptor Side-Chain Effects on the Excited State Dynamics of Two-Dimensional-Like Conjugated Copolymers in Solution. Molecules 2017; 22:E1398. [PMID: 28841145 PMCID: PMC6151795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excited state dynamics of two-dimensional-like conjugated copolymers PFDCN and PFSDCN based on alternating fluorene and triphenylamine main chains and malononitrile pendant acceptor groups with thiophene as π-bridge, have been investigated by using transient absorption spectroscopy. There is an additional conjugated -C=C- bond in PFDCN, which distinguishes it from PFSDCN. The lowest energy absorption band of each copolymer absorption spectrum is attributed to the π-π* transition with intramolecular charge-transfer, which has a lower fluorescence contribution than those of higher energy absorption bands. The optical excitation of either PFDCN or PFSDCN solution generates polaron pairs that then self-localize and evolve to a bound singlet exciton within a few picoseconds. Due to the additional conjugated -C=C- bond in the acceptor side-chain, PFDCN has a stronger intramolecular charge-transfer characteristic compared with PFSDCN, therefore exhibiting a longer self-localization time (7 ps vs. 3 ps for PFSDCN) and a shorter fluorescence lifetime (1.48 ns vs. 1.60 ns for PFSDCN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Huo
- Qingdao Research Center for Advanced Photonic Technologies, Laser Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Rong Hu
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Qingdao Research Center for Advanced Photonic Technologies, Laser Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yi-Tong Wang
- Qingdao Research Center for Advanced Photonic Technologies, Laser Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China.
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Kuan W A Chee
- Qingdao Research Center for Advanced Photonic Technologies, Laser Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China.
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Qingdao Research Center for Advanced Photonic Technologies, Laser Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
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Rawson J, Angiolillo PJ, Frail PR, Goodenough I, Therien MJ. Electron Spin Relaxation of Hole and Electron Polarons in π-Conjugated Porphyrin Arrays: Spintronic Implications. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7681-9. [PMID: 25697578 DOI: 10.1021/jp5122728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic line shape analysis and continuous-wave (CW) progressive microwave power saturation experiments are used to probe the relaxation behavior and the relaxation times of charged excitations (hole and electron polarons) in meso-to-meso ethyne-bridged (porphinato)zinc(II) oligomers (PZnn compounds), which can serve as models for the relevant states generated upon spin injection. The observed ESR line shapes for the PZnn hole polaron ([PZnn](+•)) and electron polaron ([PZnn](-•)) states evolve from Gaussian to more Lorentzian as the oligomer length increases from 1.9 to 7.5 nm, with solution-phase [PZnn](+•) and [PZnn](-•) spin-spin (T2) and spin-lattice (T1) relaxation times at 298 K ranging, respectively, from 40 to 230 ns and 0.2 to 2.3 μs. Notably, these very long relaxation times are preserved in thick films of these species. Because the magnitudes of spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation times are vital metrics for spin dephasing in quantum computing or for spin-polarized transport in magnetoresistive structures, these results, coupled with the established wire-like transport behavior across metal-dithiol-PZnn-metal junctions, present meso-to-meso ethyne-bridged multiporphyrin systems as leading candidates for ambient-temperature organic spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Rawson
- †Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Paul J Angiolillo
- ‡Department of Physics, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, United States
| | - Paul R Frail
- §Department of Chemistry, The University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Isabella Goodenough
- ‡Department of Physics, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, United States
| | - Michael J Therien
- †Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
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Reprint of: Ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer in conducting polymer–buckminsterfullerene composites. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Reid OG, Malik JAN, Latini G, Dayal S, Kopidakis N, Silva C, Stingelin N, Rumbles G. The influence of solid-state microstructure on the origin and yield of long-lived photogenerated charge in neat semiconducting polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lanzi M, Paganin L. Study of the order-disorder transitions in methoxy-functionalized polyalkylthiophenes. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Saeki A, Seki S, Koizumi Y, Sunagawa T, Ushida K, Tagawa S. Increase in the mobility of photogenerated positive charge carriers in polythiophene. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:10015-9. [PMID: 16852211 DOI: 10.1021/jp0442145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the increase in the mobility of charge carriers in regioregular poly 3-hexyl thiophene (RR-P3HT) films by mixing them with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), which is examined by in situ time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) and transient optical spectroscopy (TOS). TCNE acts not only as an electron acceptor which increases the number of charge carriers on photoexposure but also as a functional additive which enhances the mobility of the charge carriers. This conclusion was deduced from the results of fluorescence quenching, transient optical absorption and photobleaching, and comparison of the TRMC signal with the TOS signal. The combination of the TRMC and TOS techniques represents a comprehensive and fully experimental approach to the determination of the intrinsic carrier mobility in conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Saeki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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Scheblykin IG, Yartsev A, Pullerits T, Gulbinas V, Sundström V. Excited State and Charge Photogeneration Dynamics in Conjugated Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:6303-21. [PMID: 17521181 DOI: 10.1021/jp068864f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are becoming interesting materials for a range of optoelectronic applications. However, their often complex electronic and structural properties prevent establishment of straightforward property-function relationships. In this paper, we summarize recent results on the photophysics and excited state dynamics of conjugated polymers, in order to paint a picture of exciton formation, quenching, and generation of charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan G Scheblykin
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Zhang Y, Zhao C, Yang J, Kapiamba M, Haze O, Rothberg LJ, Ng MK. Synthesis, Optical, and Electrochemical Properties of a New Family of Dendritic Oligothiophenes. J Org Chem 2006; 71:9475-83. [PMID: 17137376 DOI: 10.1021/jo0619581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new class of semi-flexible dendrimers with oligothiophene (OT) arms up to the third generation have been synthesized and investigated. The synthetic methods employed include a combination of palladium-catalyzed Stille cross-coupling reactions for oligothiophenes, Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions for building blocks, and carbodiimide-mediated esterification for building up the various dendrimers. The optical and electrochemical properties of this series of oligothiophenes-based dendrimers are shown to be strongly influenced by their morphologies as demonstrated by their pronounced solvatochromic and thermochromic responses under different environmental conditions. Introducing rigid oligothiophene arms to shape non-persistent ester-linked dendrimers causes higher generation dendrimers (G2 and G3) to exhibit solvatochromism and thermochromism, while their oligomeric counterpart (3b) and lower generation (G1) analogue do not. Spectroscopic changes due to both intramolecular and intermolecular aggregations are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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Goldie DM, Hepburn AR, Maud JM, Marshall JM. The influence of inter-oligomer separation distance on observed hopping mobilities in terthiophene-doped polycarbonate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/13642819308220157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Goldie
- a Molecular Electronics Group Abertawe, Department of Materials Engineering
| | - A. R. Hepburn
- a Molecular Electronics Group Abertawe, Department of Materials Engineering
| | - J. M. Maud
- b Department of Chemistry , University College Swansea , Singleton Park, Swansea , SA2 8PP , Wales
| | - J. M. Marshall
- a Molecular Electronics Group Abertawe, Department of Materials Engineering
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Micaroni L, Dini D, Decker F, De Paoli MA. Photoelectrochemical response and photoconductivity of poly(3-methylthiophene). Electrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(98)00181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Conwell EM, Mizes HA. Photogeneration of polaron pairs in conducting polymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:6953-6958. [PMID: 9977250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.6953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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13
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Photophysical properties of polymers with a system of conjugated bonds and their use in light energy conversion processes. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00536693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee CH, Yu G, Moses D, Heeger AJ. Picosecond transient photoconductivity in poly(p-phenylenevinylene). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:2396-2407. [PMID: 10011073 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Lee CH, Yu G, Moses D, Pakbaz K, Zhang C, Sariciftci NS, Heeger AJ, Wudl F. Sensitization of the photoconductivity of conducting polymers by C60: Photoinduced electron transfer. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:15425-15433. [PMID: 10008082 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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16
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Ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer in conducting polymer—buckminsterfullerene composites. Chem Phys Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(93)85151-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lee CH, Yu G, Moses D, Srdanov VI, Wei X, Vardeny ZV. Transient and steady-state photoconductivity of a solid C60 film. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:8506-8509. [PMID: 10007061 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.8506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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18
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Stubb H, Punkka E, Paloheimo J. Electronic and optical properties of conducting polymer thin films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0920-2307(93)90004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Lee CH, Yu G, Heeger AJ. Persistent photoconductivity in poly(p-phenylenevinylene): Spectral response and slow relaxation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:15543-15553. [PMID: 10005945 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.15543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Hess BC, Kanner GS, Vardeny Z. Photoexcitations in polythiophene at high pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:1407-1411. [PMID: 10006153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kanner GS, Wei X, Hess BC, Chen LR, Vardeny ZV. Evolution of excitons and polarons in polythiophene from femtoseconds to milliseconds. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:538-541. [PMID: 10046964 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Samuel ID, Meyer KE, Graham SC, Friend RH, Rühe J, Wegner G. Femtosecond optical absorption in poly(3-alkyl thienylene)s. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:9731-9734. [PMID: 9998966 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.9731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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McBranch D, Hays A, Sinclair M, Moses D, Heeger AJ. Picosecond photoinduced absorption and polarization memory in polythiophene derivatives. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 42:3011-3016. [PMID: 9995793 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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