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Kuznetsov AS, Biermann K, Reynoso AA, Fainstein A, Santos PV. Microcavity phonoritons - a coherent optical-to-microwave interface. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5470. [PMID: 37723165 PMCID: PMC10507037 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Optomechanical systems provide a pathway for the bidirectional optical-to-microwave interconversion in (quantum) networks. These systems can be implemented using hybrid platforms, which efficiently couple optical photons and microwaves via intermediate agents, e.g. phonons. Semiconductor exciton-polariton microcavities operating in the strong light-matter coupling regime offer enhanced coupling of near-infrared photons to GHz phonons via excitons. Furthermore, a new coherent phonon-exciton-photon quasiparticle termed phonoriton, has been theoretically predicted to emerge in microcavities, but so far has eluded observation. Here, we experimentally demonstrate phonoritons, when two exciton-polariton condensates confined in a μm-sized trap within a phonon-photon microcavity are strongly coupled to a confined phonon which is resonant with the energy separation between the condensates. We realize control of phonoritons by piezoelectrically generated phonons and resonant photons. Our findings are corroborated by quantitative models. Thus, we establish zero-dimensional phonoritons as a coherent microwave-to-optical interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sergeevich Kuznetsov
- Paul Drude Institute for Solid State Electronics, Leibniz Institute in the Research Association Berlin e. V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Klaus Biermann
- Paul Drude Institute for Solid State Electronics, Leibniz Institute in the Research Association Berlin e. V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andres Alejandro Reynoso
- Bariloche Atomic Centre and Balseiro Institute, National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, 8400, S.C. de Bariloche, R.N., Argentina
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
- Department of Applied Physics II, University of Seville, E-41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fainstein
- Bariloche Atomic Centre and Balseiro Institute, National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, 8400, S.C. de Bariloche, R.N., Argentina
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Paulo Ventura Santos
- Paul Drude Institute for Solid State Electronics, Leibniz Institute in the Research Association Berlin e. V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Latini S, De Giovannini U, Sie EJ, Gedik N, Hübener H, Rubio A. Phonoritons as Hybridized Exciton-Photon-Phonon Excitations in a Monolayer h-BN Optical Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:227401. [PMID: 34152161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.227401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A phonoriton is an elementary excitation that is predicted to emerge from hybridization between exciton, phonon, and photon. Besides the intriguing many-particle structure, phonoritons are of interest as they could serve as functional nodes in devices that utilize electronic, phononic, and photonic elements for energy conversion and thermal transport applications. Although phonoritons are predicted to emerge in an excitonic medium under intense electromagnetic wave irradiation, the stringent condition for their existence has eluded direct observation in solids. In particular, on-resonance, intense pumping schemes have been proposed, but excessive photoexcitation of carriers prevents optical detection. Here, we theoretically predict the appearance of phonoritonic features in monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) embedded in an optical cavity. The coherent superposition nature of phonoriton states is evidenced by the hybridization of exciton-polariton branches with phonon replicas that is tunable by the cavity-matter coupling strength. This finding simultaneously provides an experimental pathway for observing the predicted phonoritons and opens a new avenue for tuning materials properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Latini
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Umberto De Giovannini
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad del Pas Vasco UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastin, Spain
| | - Edbert J Sie
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Nuh Gedik
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Hannes Hübener
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad del Pas Vasco UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastin, Spain
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
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Poshakinskiy AV, Poddubny AN. Phonoritonic Crystals with a Synthetic Magnetic Field for an Acoustic Diode. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:156801. [PMID: 28452543 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.156801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We develop a rigorous theoretical framework to describe light-sound interaction in the laser-pumped periodic multiple-quantum-well structure accounting for hybrid phonon-polariton excitations, termed phonoritons. We show that phonoritons exhibit the pumping-induced synthetic magnetic field in the artificial "coordinate-energy" space that makes transmission of left- and right- going waves different. The sound transmission nonreciprocity allows one to use such phonoritonic crystals with realistic parameters as optically controlled nanoscale acoustic diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A N Poddubny
- Ioffe Institute, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
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Ivanov AL, Littlewood PB. Acoustically induced stark effect for excitons in intrinsic semiconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:136403. [PMID: 11580613 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.136403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A Stark effect for excitons parametrically driven by coherent acoustic phonons is proposed. Our scheme refers to a low-temperature intrinsic semiconductor or semiconductor nanostructure pumped by an acoustic wave (frequency band nu(ac) approximately equal to 1-40 GHz and intensity range I(ac) approximately equal to 10(-2)-10(2) W/cm(2)) and probed by low-intensity light. Tunable optical band gaps, which strongly change the spectral shape of the exciton line, are induced in the polariton spectrum by acoustic pumping. We develop an exactly solvable model of the acoustic Stark effect and apply our results to GaAs driven by bulk or surface acoustic waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Ivanov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen's Buildings, 5 The Parade, Cardiff, Wales CF24 3YB, United Kingdom
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Beloussov IV, Frolov VV. Nonmonotonic decay of nonequilibrium polariton condensate in direct-gap semiconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:2523-2531. [PMID: 9986100 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Ivanov AL, Haug H, Vygovskii GS. Coupled solitons in resonant Raman interaction of intense polaritons. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:13482-13496. [PMID: 9983092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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