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Ge M, Chu L, Guo M, Su Y, Zhang J. First-Principles Study of Ir n (n = 3-5) Clusters Adsorbed on Graphene and Hexagonal Boron Nitride: Structural and Magnetic Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142436. [PMID: 35889660 PMCID: PMC9317977 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic clusters have attracted great attention and interest due to their novel electronic properties, and they have potential applications in nanoscale information storage devices and spintronics. The interaction between magnetic clusters and substrates is still one of the challenging research focuses. Here, by using the density functional theory (DFT), we study the structural stability and magnetic properties of iridium clusters (Irn, n = 3–5) adsorbed on two-dimensional (2D) substrates, such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). We find that the most favorable configurations of free Irn clusters change when adsorbed on 2D substrates. In the meantime, the magnetic moments of the most stable Irn reduce to 53% (graphene) and 23.6% (hBN) compared with those of the free−standing ones. Interestingly, about 12-times enlargement on the magnetic anisotropy energy can be found on hBN substrates. These theoretical results indicate that the cluster–substrate interaction has vital effects on the properties of Irn clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ge
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (M.G.); (L.C.); (M.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Leiting Chu
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (M.G.); (L.C.); (M.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Miaomiao Guo
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (M.G.); (L.C.); (M.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (M.G.); (L.C.); (M.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13935705526
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2
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Zhang H, Zhang M, Jia Y, Geng L, Yin B, Li S, Luo Z, Pan F. Vanadium Cluster Neutrals Reacting with Water: Superatomic Features and Hydrogen Evolution in a Fishing Mode. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1593-1600. [PMID: 33545005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is known as the heart of various energy storage and conversation systems of renewable energy sources. Here we observe the cluster reactions of a light transition metal, vanadium, with water in a gas-phase flow tube reactor. While HER products of V1 and V2 were not observed, the effective HER of water on neutral Vn (n ≥ 3) clusters reveals reasonable and size-dependent reactivity of the vanadium clusters. Superatomic features and reaction dynamics of V10, V13, and V16 are highlighted. Among the three typical superatoms, V10 and V16 exhibit an abnormal superatomic orbital energy level order, 1S|2S|1P|1D..., where the energy-reduced 2S orbital helps to accommodate the geometric structure and hence reinforce the cluster stability. In comparison, V13 bears a less symmetrical structure and reacts readily with water, allowing for recombination of a hydroxyl atom with an adsorbed hydrogen atom, akin to a fishing-mode HER process. The joint experimental and theoretical study on neutral Vn clusters clarifies the availability of superatom chemistry for transition metals and appeals further development of cluster theory based on electronic cloud/orbital analysis instead of simply counting the valence electrons. Also, we provide insights into the HER mechanism of metal clusters and propose a strategy to design new materials for portable fuel cells of hydrogen energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Baoqi Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shunning Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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Lu SJ, Wu LS, Yin BH, Lin F, Chao MY. Quantum chemical calculation studies of Pd nSi 12 ( n = 1–3) clusters: effects of doping Pd atoms on the structural and electronic properties. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1656350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Shun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao-Hua Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yong Chao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Fan YW, Wang HQ, Li HF. The stability, electronic, and magnetic properties of rare-earth doped silicon-based clusters. J Mol Model 2019; 25:221. [PMID: 31302782 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The rare-earth doped silicon-based clusters exhibit remarkable structural, physical, and chemical properties, which make them attractive candidates as building units in designing of cluster-based materials with special optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. The structural, stability, electronic, and magnetic properties of pure silicon Sin + 1 (n = 1-9) and rare-earth doped clusters SinEu (n = 1-9) are investigated using the "stochastic kicking" (SK) global search technique combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It was found that: 1) the ground state structures of pure silicon clusters tend to form compact structures rather than cages with the increase of cluster size; 2) the ground state structures for doped species were found to be additional or substitutional sites, and the rare-earth atoms tend to locate on the surface of the silicon clusters; 3) the average binding energy of the doped clusters increased gradually and exhibited the final phenomenon of saturation with the increase of clusters size. The average binding energy of doped clusters was slightly higher than that of pure silicon clusters of the same size, which indicated that the rare-earth atom encapsulated by silicon enhanced the stability of the silicon clusters to some degree; 4) the doped clusters have strong total magnetic moments, which mainly originated from the contribution of rare-earth atoms, whereas the contribution of silicon atoms were almost negligible. As the cluster size increased, the total magnetic moments of binary mixed clusters tended to be stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Fan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huai-Qian Wang
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China.
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China
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5
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Berry H, Wang B, Zhang Q. The Behavior of Magnetic Properties in the Clusters of 4d Transition Metals. Molecules 2018; 23:E1896. [PMID: 30060624 PMCID: PMC6222613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current focus of material science researchers is on the magnetic behavior of transition metal clusters due to its great hope for future technological applications. It is common knowledge that the 4d transition elements are not magnetic at their bulk size. However, studies indicate that their magnetic properties are strongly dependent on their cluster sizes. This study attempts to identify magnetic properties of 4d transition metal clusters. Using a tight-binding Friedel model for the density of d-electron states, we investigated the critical size for the magnetic-nonmagnetic transition of 4d transition-metal clusters. Approaching to the critical point, the density of states of the cluster near the Fermi level is higher than 1/J and the discrete energy levels form a quasi-continuous band. Where J is correlation integral. In order to determine the critical size, we considered a square shape band and fcc, bcc, icosahedral and cuboctahedral close-packed structures of the clusters. We also investigated this size dependent magnetic behavior using Heisenberg model. Taking some quantum mechanical approximations in to consideration, we determined magnetic behavior of the clusters. For practicality, we considered three clusters of transition metals (Ru, Rh and Pd) and the obtained results are in line with the results of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habte Berry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dilla University, P.O. Box 419, Dilla, Ethiopia.
| | - Baolin Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qinfang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
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6
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Li X, Ren H, Huang X, Li S. First-Principles Study of Structural, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Metal-Centered Tetrahexahedral V 15⁺ Cluster. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7070164. [PMID: 28665337 PMCID: PMC5535230 DOI: 10.3390/nano7070164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The V-centered bicapped hexagonal antiprism structure (A), as the most stable geometry of the cationic V15⁺ cluster, is determined by using infrared multiple photo dissociation (IR-MPD) in combination with density functional theory computations. It is found that the A structure can be stabilized by 18 delocalized 3c-2e σ-bonds on outer V₃ triangles of the bicapped hexagonal antiprism surface and 12 delocalized 4c-2e σ-bonds on inner trigonal pyramidal V₄ moiety, and the features are related to the strong p-d hybridization of the cluster. The total magnetic moments on the cluster are predicted to be 2.0 µB, which come mainly from the central vanadium atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Hongjiang Ren
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Xinwei Huang
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Shuna Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
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7
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Lee HW, Chang CM, Hsing CR. Puzzle of magnetic moments of Ni clusters revisited using quantum Monte Carlo method. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:084313. [PMID: 28249444 DOI: 10.1063/1.4977038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The puzzle of the magnetic moments of small nickel clusters arises from the discrepancy between values predicted using density functional theory (DFT) and experimental measurements. Traditional DFT approaches underestimate the magnetic moments of nickel clusters. Two fundamental problems are associated with this puzzle, namely, calculating the exchange-correlation interaction accurately and determining the global minimum structures of the clusters. Theoretically, the two problems can be solved using quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations and the ab initio random structure searching (AIRSS) method correspondingly. Therefore, we combined the fixed-moment AIRSS and QMC methods to investigate the magnetic properties of Nin (n = 5-9) clusters. The spin moments of the diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) ground states are higher than those of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof ground states and, in the case of Ni8-9, two new ground-state structures have been discovered using the DMC calculations. The predicted results are closer to the experimental findings, unlike the results predicted in previous standard DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wen Lee
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Chang
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Rong Hsing
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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8
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Cooperative Effects in Clusters and Oligonuclear Complexes of Transition Metals in Isolation. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2016_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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9
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10
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Dutta A, Mondal P. Structural evolution, electronic and magnetic manners of small rhodium Rhn+/− (n = 2–8) clusters: a detailed density functional theory study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21600a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have evaluated the stable electronic structure and magnetic properties of all neutral and ionic Rhn (n = 2–8) clusters using density functional theory. This study reveals that Rh4 is the magic cluster based on the calculated reactivity parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry
- Assam University
- Silchar 788011
- India
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11
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Ji XX, Li J, Wang C, Zhang S, Lu C, Li GQ. Geometries, stabilities and electronic properties of small-sized Pd 2-doped Si n( n= 1–11) clusters. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Zhao J, Huang X, Jin P, Chen Z. Magnetic properties of atomic clusters and endohedral metallofullerenes. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Bouderbala W, Boudjahem AG, Soltani A. Geometries, stabilities, electronic and magnetic properties of small PdnIr (n = 1–8) clusters from first-principles calculations. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.865089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Bouderbala
- Nanomaterials Chemistry Group, University of Guelma, Guelma, Algeria
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14
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Benítez JI, Flores R, Castro M. Theoretical study for the adsorption of CO on neutral and charged Pd13 clusters. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2013-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption of carbon monoxide, CO, on the surface of magnetic Pd13, Pd13–, and Pd13+ clusters, showing magnetic moments of 8, 7, and 7 Bohr magnetons (μB), respectively, was studied by means of density functional methods, allowing partial inclusion of relativistic effects. The favorable adsorption modes are on top, bridge, and threefold, with the binding energy of CO with Pd13– increasing in this same order as 39.4, 48.0 and 50.2 kcal/mol. In addition, the experimental results for the [Pdn–CO]–, n = 4–12, anions show a decrease of the vibrational frequency of CO along this triad of modes, 1940, 1800, and 1680 cm−1, with respect to the free CO value, 2143 cm−1, which conforms to our estimated frequencies, 1956, 1784, and 1679 cm−1, for CO in the [Pd13–CO]– complex. Also, the threefold mode shows a significantly longer bond length for CO, 1.210 Å, with respect to the free case, 1.139 Å. Then the bond of CO is considerably weakened in the negatively charged [Pd13CO]– cluster when the adsorption occurs in a threefold site. These results are mainly accounted for by charge transfer effects from the Pd13 cluster to the CO molecule. Smaller CO activation was found in neutral Pd13–CO and in [Pd13–CO]+, where hollow adsorption yields bigger structural and electronic changes on CO than the respective bridge and on-top modes. Overall, CO adsorption notably quenches the magnetization of neutral and charged Pd13 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge I. Benítez
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, DEPg, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México D.F., México
| | - Raúl Flores
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, DEPg, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México D.F., México
| | - Miguel Castro
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, DEPg, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México D.F., México
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15
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Yuan HK, Chen H, Kuang AL, Wu B, Wang JZ. Structural and Magnetic Properties of Small 4d Transition Metal Clusters: Role of Spin–Orbit Coupling. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:11673-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307202t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. K. Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s
Republic of China
| | - H. Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s
Republic of China
| | - A. L. Kuang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s
Republic of China
| | - B. Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s
Republic of China
| | - J. Z. Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s
Republic of China
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16
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Wu G, Yang M, Guo X, Wang J. Comparative DFT study of N2 and no adsorption on vanadium clusters Vn (n = 2-13). J Comput Chem 2012; 33:1854-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Aguilera-Granja F, Longo RC, Gallego LJ, Vega A. Magnetic Cooperative Effects in Small Ni–Ru Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:13950-5. [PMID: 22029415 DOI: 10.1021/jp208802e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Aguilera-Granja
- Instituto de Física “Manuel Sandoval Vallarta”, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78000 San Luis Potosí, México
| | - R. C. Longo
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L. J. Gallego
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A. Vega
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
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18
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Barman S, Kanhere DG, Das GP. Enhanced magnetic moment in Fe-doped Pd(n) clusters (n = 1-13): a density functional study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:396001. [PMID: 21832399 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/39/396001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a systematic theoretical study of the equilibrium structures, electronic and magnetic properties of FePd(n-1) clusters with n = 1-13, within the framework of density functional theory. The results show that the doping of a single Fe impurity enhances the binding energies as well as the magnetic moment of the Pd(n) clusters. Interestingly, in the mid-size region (n = 5-7), Fe substitution in Pd(n) clusters results in a three fold enhancement in the magnetic moment. We find that the geometries of the host clusters do not change significantly after the addition of an Fe atom, except for n = 6, 7, 11, 12. In the lowest energy configurations, the Fe atom tries to increase its coordination number by moving from the convex to the interior site as the number of Pd atoms varies from 2 to 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Barman
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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19
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Parida P, Kundu A, Pati SK. The Electronic and Magnetic Properties of a Few Transition-Metal Clusters. J CLUST SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-009-0241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Zhang H, Tian D, Zhao J. Structural evolution of medium-sized Pdn (n=15–25) clusters from density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:114302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2976152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Kalita B, Deka RC. Stability of small Pdn (n=1–7) clusters on the basis of structural and electronic properties: A density functional approach. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:244306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2806993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Payne FW, Jiang W, Bloomfield LA. Magnetism and magnetic isomers in free chromium clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:193401. [PMID: 17155626 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.193401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We have used the Stern-Gerlach deflection technique to study magnetism in chromium clusters of 20-133 atoms at temperatures between 60 and 100 K. We observe that these clusters have large magnetic moments and respond superparamagnetically to applied magnetic fields. Using superparamagnetic theory, we have determined the moment per atom for each cluster size and find that it often far exceeds the moment per atom present anywhere in the bulk antiferromagnetic lattice. Remarkably, our cluster beam contains two magnetically distinguishable forms of each cluster size with > or =34 atoms. We attribute this observation to structural isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W Payne
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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23
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Li S, Alemany MMG, Chelikowsky JR. Ab initio calculations for the photoelectron spectra of vanadium clusters. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:5893-8. [PMID: 15367017 DOI: 10.1063/1.1785142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report ab initio calculations for the electronic and structural properties of V(n), V(n) (-), and V(n) (+) clusters up to n=8. We performed the calculations using a real-space pseudopotential method based on the local spin density approximation for exchange and correlation. This method assumes no explicit basis. Wave functions are evaluated on a uniform grid; only one parameter, the grid spacing, is used to control convergence of the electronic properties. Charged states are easily handled in real space, in contrast to methods based on supercells where Coulombic divergences require special handling. For each size and charge state, we find the lowest energy structure. Our results for the photoelectron spectra, using the optimized structure, agree well with those obtained by experiment. We also obtain satisfactory agreement with the measured ionization potential and electron affinity, and compare our results to calculations using an explicit basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute for the Theory of Advanced Materials in Information Technology, Digital Technology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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24
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25
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Zhang W, Ge Q, Wang L. Structure effects on the energetic, electronic, and magnetic properties of palladium nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1557179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Liu SR, Zhai HJ, Castro M, Wang LS. Photoelectron spectroscopy of Tin− clusters (n=1–130). J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1531999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Castro M, Liu SR, Zhai HJ, Wang LS. Structural and electronic properties of small titanium clusters: A density functional theory and anion photoelectron spectroscopy study. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1532000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Song F, Bergmann G. Strongly enhanced magnetic moments of vanadium impurities in thin films of sodium and potassium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:167202. [PMID: 11955257 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.167202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thin quench-condensed films of Na and K are covered with 1/100 of a monolayer of V. Then the impurities are covered with several atomic layers of the host. The magnetization of the films is measured by means of the anomalous Hall effect. For V impurities on the surface of Na and K, a magnetic moment of 7 Bohr magnetons is observed. After coverage with the host, the V moment became 6.5 mu(B) for the Na host. These results contradict the favored atomic model (predicting 3/5 mu(B)) and the resonance model. A polarization of the alkali host appears to be the only resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funing Song
- Department of Physics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0484, USA
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29
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Kumar V, Esfarjani K, Kawazoe Y. Ab Initio Computer Simulations on Microclusters: Structures and Electronic Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-04812-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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30
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Efremenko I. Implication of palladium geometric and electronic structures to hydrogen activation on bulk surfaces and clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Knickelbein MB. Experimental observation of superparamagnetism in manganese clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:5255-5257. [PMID: 11384471 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A molecular beam of manganese clusters, Mn (n) (n = 11-99), produced at 68 K is deflected toward high field by a gradient field magnet. These results indicate that Mn (n) clusters in this size range are superparamagnetic species whose intrinsic moments can be determined within the framework of the Langevin model of paramagnetism. Local minima in per-atom magnetic moments are observed for Mn (13) and Mn (19), suggestive of an icosahedral growth sequence for the smaller size range. For larger clusters, broad oscillations in the per-atom moments are observed, with a minimum near Mn (32-37) and a maximum around Mn (50-56).
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Knickelbein
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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32
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Calaminici P, Köster AM, Carrington T, Roy P, Russo N, Salahub DR. V3: Structure and vibrations from density functional theory, Franck–Condon factors, and the pulsed-field ionization zero-electron-kinetic energy spectrum. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1337859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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33
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Alonso JA. Electronic and atomic structure, and magnetism of transition-metal clusters. Chem Rev 2000; 100:637-78. [PMID: 11749247 DOI: 10.1021/cr980391o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Alonso
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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34
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35
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Wu X, Ray AK. A density functional study of small neutral and cationic vanadium clusters Vn and Vn+ (n=2–9). J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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36
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Minemoto S, Terasaki A, Imoto H, Kondow T. Electronic structure of vanadium tetramer ion studied by optical absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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37
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Weber S, Reddy B, Rao B, Jena P. Chemically induced changes in the magnetic moments in transition metal monomers and dimers. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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38
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Probing the electronic structure of transition metal clusters from molecular to bulk-like using photoelectron spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1075-1629(98)80012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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39
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Iseda M, Nishio T, Han SY, Yoshida H, Terasaki A, Kondow T. Electronic structure of vanadium cluster anions as studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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Estiu GL, Zerner MC. Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of Small Ni Clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9608281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. L. Estiu
- Cequinor, Departamento de Química, Fac. Cs. Exactas, UNLP−Casilla de Correo 962, 1900 La Plata y Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 180, 1876 Bernal, Argentina, and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - M. C. Zerner
- Cequinor, Departamento de Química, Fac. Cs. Exactas, UNLP−Casilla de Correo 962, 1900 La Plata y Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 180, 1876 Bernal, Argentina, and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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41
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Wu H, Desai SR, Wang LS. Evolution of the Electronic Structure of Small Vanadium Clusters from Molecular to Bulklike. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:2436-2439. [PMID: 10061953 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.2436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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42
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Kaiming D, Jinlong Y, Chuanyun X, Kelin W. Electronic properties and magnetism of ruthenium clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:2191-2197. [PMID: 9986070 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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43
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Cheng H, Wang LS. Dimer Growth, Structural Transition, and Antiferromagnetic Ordering of Small Chromium Clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:51-54. [PMID: 10061769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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44
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Valerio G, Toulhoat H. Local, Gradient-Corrected, and Hybrid Density Functional Calculations on Pdn Clusters for n = 1−6. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp960356q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Valerio
- Institut Francais du Petrole, 1 et 4 Avenue de Bois Préau, BP 311 92506 Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | - Hervé Toulhoat
- Institut Francais du Petrole, 1 et 4 Avenue de Bois Préau, BP 311 92506 Rueil-Malmaison, France
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45
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Pastor GM, Hirsch R, Mühlschlegel B. Magnetism and structure of small clusters: An exact treatment of electron correlations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:10382-10396. [PMID: 9982609 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.10382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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46
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Piveteau B, Desjonquères MC, Oles AM, Spanjaard D. Magnetic properties of 4d transition-metal clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:9251-9266. [PMID: 9982427 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.9251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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47
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Pastor GM, Dorantes-Dávila J. Short-range magnetic order in FeN and NiN clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:13799-13800. [PMID: 9980593 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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48
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Miura K, Kimura H, Imanaga S. Calculation of the low-spin and high-spin states of Ih Co13. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:10335-10338. [PMID: 9975121 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.10335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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49
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Jinlong Y, Toigo F, Kelin W. Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of small rhodium clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:7915-7924. [PMID: 9974781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.7915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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50
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Jinlong Y, Toigo F, Kelin W, Manhong Z. Anomalous symmetry dependence of Rh13 magnetism. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:7173-7176. [PMID: 9974681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.7173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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