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Kim JY, Grossman JC. Optimization of the Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in Crystalline C60 with Intercalation Chemistry. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4203-4209. [PMID: 27322341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline C60 is an appealing candidate material for thermoelectric (TE) applications due to its extremely low thermal conductivity and potentially high electrical conductivity with metal atom intercalation. We investigate the TE properties of crystalline C60 intercalated with alkali and alkaline earth metals using both classical and quantum mechanical calculations. For the electronic structure, our results show that variation of intercalated metal atoms has a large impact on energy dispersions, which leads to broad tunability of the power factor. For the thermal transport, we show that dopants introduce strong phonon scattering into crystalline C60, leading to considerably lower thermal conductivity. Taking both into account, our calculations suggest that appropriate choice of metal atom intercalation in crystalline C60 could yield figures of merit near 1 at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Tian D, Winter SM, Mailman A, Wong JWL, Yong W, Yamaguchi H, Jia Y, Tse JS, Desgreniers S, Secco RA, Julian SR, Jin C, Mito M, Ohishi Y, Oakley RT. The metallic state in neutral radical conductors: dimensionality, pressure and multiple orbital effects. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14136-48. [PMID: 26513125 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pressure-induced changes in the solid-state structures and transport properties of three oxobenzene-bridged bisdithiazolyl radicals 2 (R = H, F, Ph) over the range 0-15 GPa are described. All three materials experience compression of their π-stacked architecture, be it (i) 1D ABABAB π-stack (R = Ph), (ii) quasi-1D slipped π-stack (R = H), or (iii) 2D brick-wall π-stack (R = F). While R = H undergoes two structural phase transitions, neither of R = F, Ph display any phase change. All three radicals order as spin-canted antiferromagnets, but spin-canted ordering is lost at pressures <1.5 GPa. At room temperature, their electrical conductivity increases rapidly with pressure, and the thermal activation energy for conduction Eact is eliminated at pressures ranging from ∼3 GPa for R = F to ∼12 GPa for R = Ph, heralding formation of a highly correlated (or bad) metallic state. For R = F, H the pressure-induced Mott insulator to metal conversion has been tracked by measurements of optical conductivity at ambient temperature and electrical resistivity at low temperature. For R = F compression to 6.2 GPa leads to a quasiquadratic temperature dependence of the resistivity over the range 5-300 K, consistent with formation of a 2D Fermi liquid state. DFT band structure calculations suggest that the ease of metallization of these radicals can be ascribed to their multiorbital character. Mixing and overlap of SOMO- and LUMO-based bands affords an increased kinetic energy stabilization of the metallic state relative to a single SOMO-based band system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Tian
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7 Canada
| | - Stephen M Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Aaron Mailman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joanne W L Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Wenjun Yong
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology , Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Yating Jia
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100080, China
| | - John S Tse
- Department of Physics, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Serge Desgreniers
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Richard A Secco
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Stephen R Julian
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7 Canada.,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Changqing Jin
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Masaki Mito
- Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology , Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohishi
- Materials Science Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute , SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Richard T Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Du S, Huang Y, Li Y, Liu R. Stabilities and Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional C36 Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013623n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Du
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuanhe Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuxue Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ruozhuang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Abstract
Superconductivity in electron-doped C60 was first observed almost ten years ago. The metallic state and superconductivity result from the transfer of electrons from alkaline or alkaline-earth ions to the C60 molecule, which is known to be a strong electron acceptor. For this reason, it is very difficult to remove electrons from C60--yet one might expect to see superconductivity at higher temperatures in hole-doped than in electron-doped C60, because of the higher density of electronic states in the valence band than in the conduction band. We have used the technique of gate-induced doping in a field-effect transistor configuration to introduce significant densities of holes into C60. We observe superconductivity over an extended range of hole density, with a smoothly varying transition temperature Tc that peaks at 52 K. By comparison with the well established dependence of Tc on the lattice parameter in electron-doped C60, we anticipate that Tc values significantly in excess of 100 K should be achievable in a suitably expanded, hole-doped C60 lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Schön
- Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA
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Crespi VH, Cohen ML. Near constancy of the pressure dependence of Tc across families of organic and fullerene superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:56-58. [PMID: 9981940 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Burgin T, Miebach T, Huffman JC, Montgomery LK, Paradis JA, Rovira C, Whangbo MH, Magonov SN, Khan SI, Strouse CE, Overmyer DL, Schirber JE. 20 K crystal structure, electrical transport, electronic band structure, scanning tunnelling microscopy and pressure–RF impedance studies on the organic conducting salt κ-(BEDT–TSF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/jm9950501659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Degiorgi L, Nicol EJ, Klein O, Grüner G, Wachter P, Huang S, Wiley J, Kaner RB. Optical properties of the alkali-metal-doped superconducting fullerenes: K3C60 and Rb3C60. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:7012-7025. [PMID: 10009429 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.7012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Antropov VP, Gunnarsson O, Liechtenstein AI. Phonons, electron-phonon, and electron-plasmon coupling in C60 compounds. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:7651-7664. [PMID: 10006935 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.7651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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