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Mosquera-Lois I, Kavanagh SR, Klarbring J, Tolborg K, Walsh A. Imperfections are not 0 K: free energy of point defects in crystals. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5812-5826. [PMID: 37565783 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00432e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Defects determine many important properties and applications of materials, ranging from doping in semiconductors, to conductivity in mixed ionic-electronic conductors used in batteries, to active sites in catalysts. The theoretical description of defect formation in crystals has evolved substantially over the past century. Advances in supercomputing hardware, and the integration of new computational techniques such as machine learning, provide an opportunity to model longer length and time-scales than previously possible. In this Tutorial Review, we cover the description of free energies for defect formation at finite temperatures, including configurational (structural, electronic, spin) and vibrational terms. We discuss challenges in accounting for metastable defect configurations, progress such as machine learning force fields and thermodynamic integration to directly access entropic contributions, and bottlenecks in going beyond the dilute limit of defect formation. Such developments are necessary to support a new era of accurate defect predictions in computational materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irea Mosquera-Lois
- Thomas Young Centre & Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Seán R Kavanagh
- Thomas Young Centre & Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Thomas Young Centre & Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Johan Klarbring
- Thomas Young Centre & Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kasper Tolborg
- Thomas Young Centre & Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
- I-X, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Aron Walsh
- Thomas Young Centre & Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Zhang J, Dong H, Li X, Wang Z, Xiao D. Temperature-driven phase transition of Ti2CN from first-principles calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20848-20855. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First-principles evolutionary simulations are used to predict the stable compound of Ti2CN. Body-centered tetragonal I41/amd-Ti2CN is found to be more energetically favorable than other Ti2CN compounds at 0 K. The...
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Bansal D, Aref A, Dargush G, Delaire O. Modeling non-harmonic behavior of materials from experimental inelastic neutron scattering and thermal expansion measurements. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:385201. [PMID: 27438881 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/38/385201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on thermodynamic principles, we derive expressions quantifying the non-harmonic vibrational behavior of materials, which are rigorous yet easily evaluated from experimentally available data for the thermal expansion coefficient and the phonon density of states. These experimentally-derived quantities are valuable to benchmark first-principles theoretical predictions of harmonic and non-harmonic thermal behaviors using perturbation theory, ab initio molecular-dynamics, or Monte-Carlo simulations. We illustrate this analysis by computing the harmonic, dilational, and anharmonic contributions to the entropy, internal energy, and free energy of elemental aluminum and the ordered compound [Formula: see text] over a wide range of temperature. Results agree well with previous data in the literature and provide an efficient approach to estimate anharmonic effects in materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanshu Bansal
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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Gruner ME, Keune W, Roldan Cuenya B, Weis C, Landers J, Makarov SI, Klar D, Hu MY, Alp EE, Zhao J, Krautz M, Gutfleisch O, Wende H. Element-resolved thermodynamics of magnetocaloric LaFe(13-x)Si(x). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:057202. [PMID: 25699465 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.057202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
By combination of two independent approaches, nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering and first-principles calculations in the framework of density functional theory, we demonstrate significant changes in the element-resolved vibrational density of states across the first-order transition from the ferromagnetic low temperature to the paramagnetic high temperature phase of LaFe(13-x)Si(x). These changes originate from the itinerant electron metamagnetism associated with Fe and lead to a pronounced magneto-elastic softening despite the large volume decrease at the transition. The increase in lattice entropy associated with the Fe subsystem is significant and contributes cooperatively with the magnetic and electronic entropy changes to the excellent magneto- and barocaloric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Gruner
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany and IFW Dresden P.O. Box 270116, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - W Keune
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany and Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - B Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Weis
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - J Landers
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - S I Makarov
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany and Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - D Klar
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - M Y Hu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E E Alp
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Zhao
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Krautz
- IFW Dresden P.O. Box 270116, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - O Gutfleisch
- Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Wende
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
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Metsue A, Oudriss A, Bouhattate J, Feaugas X. Contribution of the entropy on the thermodynamic equilibrium of vacancies in nickel. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:104705. [PMID: 24628194 DOI: 10.1063/1.4867543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The equilibrium vacancy concentration in nickel was determined from ab initio calculations performed with both generalized gradient approximation and local density approximation up to the melting point. We focus the study on the vacancy formation entropy expressed as a sum of a vibration and an electronic contribution, which were determined from the vibration modes and the electronic densities of states. Applying a method based on the quasi-harmonic approximation, the temperature dependence of the defect formation energy and entropy were calculated. We show that the vibrations of the first shell of atoms around the defect are predominant to the vibration formation entropy. On the other hand, the electronic formation entropy is very sensitive to the exchange-correlation potential used for the calculations. Finally, the vacancy concentration is computed at finite temperature with the calculated values for the defect formation energy and entropy. In order to reconcile point-defects concentration obtained with our calculations and experimental data, we conducted complementary calorimetric measurements of the vacancy concentration in the 1073-1273 K temperature range. Close agreement between theory and experiments at high temperature is achieved if the calculations are performed with the generalized gradient approximation and both vibration and electronic contributions to the formation entropy are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Metsue
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement, UMR CNRS 7356, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Abdelali Oudriss
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement, UMR CNRS 7356, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Jamaa Bouhattate
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement, UMR CNRS 7356, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Xavier Feaugas
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement, UMR CNRS 7356, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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Wallace DC, Chisolm ED, Bock N, De Lorenzi-Venneri G. Statistical mechanics model for the transit free energy of monatomic liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 81:041201. [PMID: 20481710 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.041201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In applying vibration-transit (V-T) theory of liquid dynamics to the thermodynamic properties of monatomic liquids, the point has been reached where an improved model is needed for the small (approximately 10%) transit contribution. Toward this goal, an analysis of the available high-temperature experimental entropy data for elemental liquids was recently completed [D. C. Wallace, E. D. Chisolm, and N. Bock, Phys. Rev. E 79, 051201 (2009)]. This analysis yields a common curve of transit entropy vs T/thetatr, where T is temperature and thetatr is a scaling temperature for each element. In the present paper, a statistical mechanics model is constructed for the transit partition function, and is calibrated to the experimental transit entropy curve. The model has two scalar parameters, and captures the temperature scaling of experiment. The calibrated model fits the experimental liquid entropy to high accuracy at all temperatures. With no additional parameters, the model also agrees with both experiment and molecular dynamics for the internal energy vs. T for Na. With the calibrated transit model, V-T theory provides equations subject to ab initio evaluation for thermodynamic properties of monatomic liquids. This will allow the range of applicability of the theory, and its overall accuracy, to be determined. More generally, the hypothesis of V-T theory, which divides the many-atom potential energy valleys into random and symmetric classes, can also be tested for its application beyond monatomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane C Wallace
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Chisolm ED, Wallace DC. Theoretical estimates of the logarithmic phonon spectral moment for monatomic liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 69:031204. [PMID: 15089277 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.031204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the logarithmic moment of the phonon frequency spectrum at a single density for 29 monatomic liquids using two methods, both suggested by Wallace's theory of liquid dynamics: The first method relies on liquid entropy data and the second on neutron scattering data in the crystal phase. This theory predicts that for a class of elements called "normal melters," including all 29 of these materials, the two estimates should closely match, and we find that they agree to within a few percent. We also perform the same calculations for four "anomalous melters," for which we expect the two estimates to differ markedly; we find that they disagree by factors almost up to 3. From our results we conclude that the liquid entropy estimates of the logarithmic moment, applicable both to normal and anomalous melters, are trustworthy to a few percent, which makes them reliable for use in estimates of various liquid transport coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Chisolm
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Moroni EG, Grimvall G, Jarlborg T. Free energy contributions to the hcp-bcc transformation in transition metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:2758-2761. [PMID: 10060781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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White GK, Andrikidis C. Thermal expansion of chromium at high temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:8145-8147. [PMID: 9982292 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.8145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Wolverton C, Zunger A. First-principles theory of short-range order, electronic excitations, and spin polarization in Ni-V and Pd-V alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:8813-8828. [PMID: 9979872 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.8813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Langmayr F, Fratzl P, Vogl G, Miekeley W. Crossover from omega -phase to alpha -phase precipitation in bcc Ti-Mo. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:11759-11766. [PMID: 10010042 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.11759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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