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Prasad N, Burg GW, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Register LF, Tutuc E. Quantum Lifetime Spectroscopy and Magnetotunneling in Double Bilayer Graphene Heterostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:117701. [PMID: 34558942 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.117701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a tunneling spectroscopy technique in a double bilayer graphene heterostructure where momentum-conserving tunneling between different energy bands serves as an energy filter for the tunneling carriers, and allows a measurement of the quasiparticle state broadening at well-defined energies. The broadening increases linearly with the excited state energy with respect to the Fermi level and is weakly dependent on temperature. In-plane magnetotunneling reveals a high degree of rotational alignment between the graphene bilayers, and an absence of momentum randomizing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Prasad
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - G William Burg
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute of Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute of Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Leonard F Register
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Emanuel Tutuc
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
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Kim K, Prasad N, Movva HCP, Burg GW, Wang Y, Larentis S, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Register LF, Tutuc E. Spin-Conserving Resonant Tunneling in Twist-Controlled WSe 2-hBN-WSe 2 Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5967-5973. [PMID: 30105907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate interlayer tunneling in heterostructures consisting of two tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayers with controlled rotational alignment, and separated by hexagonal boron nitride. In samples where the two WSe2 monolayers are rotationally aligned we observe resonant tunneling, manifested by a large conductance and negative differential resistance in the vicinity of zero interlayer bias, which stem from energy- and momentum-conserving tunneling. Because the spin-orbit coupling leads to coupled spin-valley degrees of freedom, the twist between the two WSe2 monolayers allows us to probe the conservation of spin-valley degree of freedom in tunneling. In heterostructures where the two WSe2 monolayers have a 180° relative twist, such that the Brillouin zone of one layer is aligned with the time-reversed Brillouin zone of the opposite layer, the resonant tunneling between the layers is suppressed. These findings provide evidence that, in addition to momentum, the spin-valley degree of freedom is also conserved in vertical transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghwan Kim
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78758 , United States
| | - Nitin Prasad
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78758 , United States
| | - Hema C P Movva
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78758 , United States
| | - G William Burg
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78758 , United States
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78758 , United States
| | - Stefano Larentis
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78758 , United States
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Leonard F Register
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78758 , United States
| | - Emanuel Tutuc
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78758 , United States
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Burg GW, Prasad N, Fallahazad B, Valsaraj A, Kim K, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Wang Q, Kim MJ, Register LF, Tutuc E. Coherent Interlayer Tunneling and Negative Differential Resistance with High Current Density in Double Bilayer Graphene-WSe 2 Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3919-3925. [PMID: 28557462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate gate-tunable resonant tunneling and negative differential resistance between two rotationally aligned bilayer graphene sheets separated by bilayer WSe2. We observe large interlayer current densities of 2 and 2.5 μA/μm2 and peak-to-valley ratios approaching 4 and 6 at room temperature and 1.5 K, respectively, values that are comparable to epitaxially grown resonant tunneling heterostructures. An excellent agreement between theoretical calculations using a Lorentzian spectral function for the two-dimensional (2D) quasiparticle states, and the experimental data indicates that the interlayer current stems primarily from energy and in-plane momentum conserving 2D-2D tunneling, with minimal contributions from inelastic or non-momentum-conserving tunneling. We demonstrate narrow tunneling resonances with intrinsic half-widths of 4 and 6 meV at 1.5 and 300 K, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G William Burg
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Nitin Prasad
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Babak Fallahazad
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Amithraj Valsaraj
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Kyounghwan Kim
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibakari 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibakari 305-0044, Japan
| | - Qingxiao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Moon J Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Leonard F Register
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Emanuel Tutuc
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
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Dubinov AA, Bylinkin A, Aleshkin VY, Ryzhii V, Otsuji T, Svintsov D. Ultra-compact injection terahertz laser using the resonant inter-layer radiative transitions in multi-graphene-layer structure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:29603-29612. [PMID: 28059347 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.029603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of laser resonators represents a crucial issue for the design of tera-hertz semiconductor lasers with high gain and low absorption loss. In this paper, we put forward and optimize the surface plasmonic metal waveguide geometry for the recently proposed tera-hertz injection laser based on resonant radiative transitions between tunnel-coupled graphene layers. We find an optimal number of active graphene layer pairs corresponding to the maximum net modal gain. The maximum gain increases with frequency and can be as large as ∼ 500 cm-1 at 8 THz, while the threshold length of laser resonator can be as small as ∼ 50 μm. Our findings substantiate the possibility of ultra-compact voltage-tunable graphene-based lasers operating at room temperature.
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Zolleis KR, Ford CJB, Kardynal B, Ritchie DA, Linfield EH, Rose PD, Jones GAC. Tunneling spectroscopy of a two-dimensionally periodic electron system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:146803. [PMID: 12366065 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.146803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The tunneling current between an electron gas with a periodic potential in two dimensions and a plain two-dimensional electron system (2DES) has been studied. The strength of the periodic potential, the subband energy of the plain 2DES, and an applied in-plane magnetic field were varied, mapping the Fourier transform of the periodic wave function. Periodic peaks were observed and explained by translations in the reciprocal lattice. When the potential was strongly modulated to form an array of antidots, commensurability peaks were seen in lateral transport, but, as expected, not in tunneling.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Zolleis
- Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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Turner N, Nicholls JT, Linfield EH, Brown KM, Jones GA, Ritchie DA. Tunneling between parallel two-dimensional electron gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:10614-10624. [PMID: 9984858 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.10614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Fogler MM, Koulakov AA, Shklovskii BI. Ground state of a two-dimensional electron liquid in a weak magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:1853-1871. [PMID: 9986033 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Jungwirth T, MacDonald AH. Electron-electron interactions and two-dimensional-two-dimensional tunneling. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:7403-7412. [PMID: 9982187 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.7403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Aizin GR, Gumbs G. Tunneling magnetoplasmon excitations in the semiclassical limit and integer quantum Hall regime for double-quantum-well systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:1890-1904. [PMID: 9981257 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Gumbs G, Aizin GR. Tunneling density of states and plasmon excitations in double-quantum-well systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:7074-7084. [PMID: 9977266 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.7074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Ao P. Magnetic field effect on an electron tunneling out of a confining plane. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:1898-1901. [PMID: 10055732 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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