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Dong T, Zhang SJ, Wang NL. Recent Development of Ultrafast Optical Characterizations for Quantum Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2110068. [PMID: 35853841 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The advent of intense ultrashort optical pulses spanning a frequency range from terahertz to the visible has opened a new era in the experimental investigation and manipulation of quantum materials. The generation of strong optical field in an ultrashort time scale enables the steering of quantum materials nonadiabatically, inducing novel phenomenon or creating new phases which may not have an equilibrium counterpart. Ultrafast time-resolved optical techniques have provided rich information and played an important role in characterization of the nonequilibrium and nonlinear properties of solid systems. Here, some of the recent progress of ultrafast optical techniques and their applications to the detection and manipulation of physical properties in selected quantum materials are reviewed. Specifically, the new development in the detection of the Higgs mode and photoinduced nonequilibrium response in the study of superconductors by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Si-Jie Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Nan-Lin Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100913, China
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Obergfell M, Demsar J. Tracking the Time Evolution of the Electron Distribution Function in Copper by Femtosecond Broadband Optical Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:037401. [PMID: 32031836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.037401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multitemperature models are nowadays often used to quantify the ultrafast electron-phonon (boson) relaxations and coupling strengths in advanced quantum solids. To test their applicability and limitations, we perform systematic studies of carrier relaxation dynamics in copper, a prototype system for which the two-temperature model (TTM) was initially considered. Using broadband time-resolved optical spectroscopy, we study the time evolution of the electron distribution function, f(E), over a large range of excitation densities. Following intraband optical excitation, f(E) is found to be athermal over several 100 fs, with a substantial part of the absorbed energy already being transferred to the lattice. We show, however, that the electron-phonon coupling constant can still be obtained using the TTM analysis, provided that the data are analyzed over the time window where the electrons are already quasithermal, and the electronic temperature is determined experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Obergfell
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 51099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jure Demsar
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 51099 Mainz, Germany
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Lee CW, Schleife A. Hot-Electron-Mediated Ion Diffusion in Semiconductors for Ion-Beam Nanostructuring. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3939-3947. [PMID: 31091106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ion-beam-based techniques are widely utilized to synthesize, modify, and characterize materials at the nanoscale, with applications from the semiconductor industry to medicine. Interactions of the beam with the target are fundamentally interesting, as they trigger multilength and time-scale processes that need to be quantitatively understood to achieve nanoscale precision. Here we demonstrate for magnesium oxide, as a testbed semiconductor material, that in a kinetic-energy regime in which electronic effects are usually neglected, a proton beam efficiently excites oxygen-vacancy-related electrons. We quantitatively describe the excited-electron distribution and the emerging ion dynamics using first-principles techniques. Contrary to the common picture of charging the defect, we discover that most of the excited electrons remain locally near the oxygen vacancy. Using these results, we bridge time scales from ultrafast electron dynamics directly after impact to ion diffusion over migration barriers in semiconductors and discover a diffusion mechanism that is mediated by hot electrons. Our quantitative simulations predict that this mechanism strongly depends on the projectile-ion velocity, suggesting the possibility of using it for precise sample manipulation via nanoscale diffusion enhancement in semiconductors with a deep, neutral, intrinsic defect.
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Khokhlov NE, Ignatyeva DO, Belotelov VI. Plasmonic pulse shaping and velocity control via photoexcitation of electrons in a gold film. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:28019-28026. [PMID: 25402042 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.028019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the possibility of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) pulse shape, delay and duration manipulation on sub-picosecond timescales via a high intensity pump SPP pulse photoexciting electrons in a gold film. We present a theoretical model describing this process and show that the pump induces the phase modulation of the probe pulse leading to its compression by about 20% and the variation of the delay between two SPP pulses up to 15 fs for the incident fluence of the pump of 1.5 mJ∙cm⁻².
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White TG, Hartley NJ, Borm B, Crowley BJB, Harris JWO, Hochhaus DC, Kaempfer T, Li K, Neumayer P, Pattison LK, Pfeifer F, Richardson S, Robinson APL, Uschmann I, Gregori G. Electron-ion equilibration in ultrafast heated graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:145005. [PMID: 24765980 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.145005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have employed fast electrons produced by intense laser illumination to isochorically heat thermal electrons in solid density carbon to temperatures of ∼10,000 K. Using time-resolved x-ray diffraction, the temperature evolution of the lattice ions is obtained through the Debye-Waller effect, and this directly relates to the electron-ion equilibration rate. This is shown to be considerably lower than predicted from ideal plasma models. We attribute this to strong ion coupling screening the electron-ion interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G White
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - N J Hartley
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B Borm
- Goethe-Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B J B Crowley
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom and AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J W O Harris
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - D C Hochhaus
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Research Division, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fr Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Kaempfer
- Helmholtzinstitut Jena, Fröbelstieg 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - K Li
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Research Division, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fr Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Neumayer
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Research Division, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fr Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L K Pattison
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - F Pfeifer
- Goethe-Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S Richardson
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom and AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - A P L Robinson
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - I Uschmann
- Helmholtzinstitut Jena, Fröbelstieg 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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Chen J, Zhang H, Tomov IV, Rentzepis PM. Laser Induced Transient Structures in a 150 nm Gold Crystal. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200700229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Faulhaber AE, Smith BA, Andersen JK, Zhang JZ. Femtosecond Electronic Relaxation Dynamics in Metal Nano-Particles: Effects of Surface and Size Confinement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259608037859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Faulhaber
- a Department of Chemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , CA , 95064 , USA
| | - B. A. Smith
- a Department of Chemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , CA , 95064 , USA
| | - J. K. Andersen
- a Department of Chemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , CA , 95064 , USA
| | - J. Z. Zhang
- a Department of Chemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , CA , 95064 , USA
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Ping Y, Hanson D, Koslow I, Ogitsu T, Prendergast D, Schwegler E, Collins G, Ng A. Broadband dielectric function of nonequilibrium warm dense gold. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:255003. [PMID: 16907313 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.255003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first single-state measurement of the broadband (450-800 nm) dielectric function of gold isochorically heated by a femtosecond laser pulse to energy densities of 10(6) - 10(7) J/kg. A Drude and an interband component are clearly seen in the imaginary part of the dielectric function. The Drude component increases with energy density while the interband component shows both enhancement and redshift. This is in strong disagreement with predictions of a recent calculation of dielectric function based on limited Brillouin zone sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
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Chen J, Tomov I, Elsayed-Ali H, Rentzepis P. Hot electrons blast wave generated by femtosecond laser pulses on thin Au(111) crystal, monitored by subpicosecond X-ray diffraction. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shibamoto K, Katayama K, Sawada T. Fundamental processes of surface enhanced Raman scattering detected by transient reflecting grating spectroscopy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(03)00023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Direct observation of ultrafast charge transfer in relation to the surface enhanced Raman scattering activation detected by transient reflecting grating spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Stella A, Nisoli M, Svelto O, Lanzani G, Cheyssac P, Kofman R. Size effects in the ultrafast electronic dynamics of metallic tin nanoparticles. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:15497-15500. [PMID: 9983380 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.15497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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13
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Aeschlimann M, Bauer M, Pawlik S. Competing nonradiative channels for hot electron induced surface photochemistry. Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(95)00372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Frankel MY. Optimization of a femtosecond ellipsometer for gold photoreflectance studies. OPTICS LETTERS 1994; 19:1252-1254. [PMID: 19855486 DOI: 10.1364/ol.19.001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
I develop a quantitative optimization procedure for femtosecond reflectance ellipsometer measurements. The femtosecond ellipsometer eliminates the need for separate thin-film reflectance and transmittance measurements and allows self-consistent determination of dielectric index changes of optically thick films on arbitrary substrates. I verify the optimization procedure and use the femtosecond ellipsometric measurements to investigate the photoreflectance of an optically thick gold film. A comparison of the extracted real and imaginary dielectric function components reveals evidence of thermalized and nonthermalized hot-electron populations.
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Wright OB. Ultrafast nonequilibrium stress generation in gold and silver. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:9985-9988. [PMID: 10009806 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.9985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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