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Gu Q, Wan S, Tang Q, Du Z, Yang H, Wang QH, Zhong R, Wen J, Gu GD, Wen HH. Directly visualizing the sign change of d-wave superconducting gap in Bi 2Sr 2CaCu 2O 8+δ by phase-referenced quasiparticle interference. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1603. [PMID: 30962440 PMCID: PMC6453940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The superconducting state is formed by the condensation of Cooper pairs and protected by the superconducting gap. The pairing interaction between the two electrons of a Cooper pair determines the gap function. Thus, it is pivotal to detect the gap structure for understanding the mechanism of superconductivity. In cuprate superconductors, it has been well established that the gap may have a d-wave function. This gap function has an alternative sign change in the momentum space. It is however hard to visualize this sign change. Here we report the measurements of scanning tunneling spectroscopy in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ and conduct the analysis of phase-referenced quasiparticle interference (QPI). We see the seven basic scattering vectors that connect the octet ends of the banana-shaped contour of Fermi surface. The phase-referenced QPI clearly visualizes the sign change of the d-wave gap. Our results illustrate an effective way for determining the sign change of unconventional superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Center for Superconducting Physics and Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Wan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Center for Superconducting Physics and Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingkun Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Center for Superconducting Physics and Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengyi Du
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Center for Superconducting Physics and Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Center for Superconducting Physics and Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qiang-Hua Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Center for Superconducting Physics and Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ruidan Zhong
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA
| | - Jinsheng Wen
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA
| | - G D Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA
| | - Hai-Hu Wen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Center for Superconducting Physics and Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
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