1
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Jin H, Xin S, Chuang C, Li W, Wang H, Zhu J, Xie H, Zhang T, Wan Y, Qi Z, Yan W, Lu YR, Chan TS, Wu X, Goodenough JB, Ji H, Duan X. Black phosphorus composites with engineered interfaces for high-rate high-capacity lithium storage. Science 2020; 370:192-197. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav5842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-rate lithium (Li) ion batteries that can be charged in minutes and store enough energy for a 350-mile driving range are highly desired for all-electric vehicles. A high charging rate usually leads to sacrifices in capacity and cycling stability. We report use of black phosphorus (BP) as the active anode for high-rate, high-capacity Li storage. The formation of covalent bonds with graphitic carbon restrains edge reconstruction in layered BP particles to ensure open edges for fast Li+ entry; the coating of the covalently bonded BP-graphite particles with electrolyte-swollen polyaniline yields a stable solid–electrolyte interphase and inhibits the continuous growth of poorly conducting Li fluorides and carbonates to ensure efficient Li+ transport. The resultant composite anode demonstrates an excellent combination of capacity, rate, and cycling endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Sen Xin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chenghao Chuang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wangda Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Huanyu Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Taiming Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yangyang Wan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhikai Qi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Ying-Rui Lu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shan Chan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - John B. Goodenough
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hengxing Ji
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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2
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Held G, Venturini F, Grinter DC, Ferrer P, Arrigo R, Deacon L, Quevedo Garzon W, Roy K, Large A, Stephens C, Watts A, Larkin P, Hand M, Wang H, Pratt L, Mudd JJ, Richardson T, Patel S, Hillman M, Scott S. Ambient-pressure endstation of the Versatile Soft X-ray (VerSoX) beamline at Diamond Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1153-1166. [PMID: 32876589 PMCID: PMC7467337 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520009157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ambient-pressure endstation and branchline of the Versatile Soft X-ray (VerSoX) beamline B07 at Diamond Light Source serves a very diverse user community studying heterogeneous catalysts, pharmaceuticals and biomaterials under realistic conditions, liquids and ices, and novel electronic, photonic and battery materials. The instrument facilitates studies of the near-surface chemical composition, electronic and geometric structure of a variety of samples using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy in the photon energy range from 170 eV to 2800 eV. The beamline provides a resolving power hν/Δ(hν) > 5000 at a photon flux > 1010 photons s-1 over most of its energy range. By operating the optical elements in a low-pressure oxygen atmosphere, carbon contamination can be almost completely eliminated, which makes the beamline particularly suitable for carbon K-edge NEXAFS. The endstation can be operated at pressures up to 100 mbar, whereby XPS can be routinely performed up to 30 mbar. A selection of typical data demonstrates the capability of the instrument to analyse details of the surface composition of solid samples under ambient-pressure conditions using XPS and NEXAFS. In addition, it offers a convenient way of analysing the gas phase through X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Short XPS spectra can be measured at a time scale of tens of seconds. The shortest data acquisition times for NEXAFS are around 0.5 s per data point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Held
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Pilar Ferrer
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Deacon
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Wilson Quevedo Garzon
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kanak Roy
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Large
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Watts
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Larkin
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hand
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Linda Pratt
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - James J. Mudd
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Suren Patel
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stewart Scott
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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3
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Wang X, Li P, Li Z, Chen W, Zhou H, Zhao Y, Wang X, Zheng L, Dong J, Lin Y, Zheng X, Yan W, Yang J, Yang Z, Qu Y, Yuan T, Wu Y, Li Y. 2D MOF induced accessible and exclusive Co single sites for an efficient O-silylation of alcohols with silanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6563-6566. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01717h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt single sites on ultrathin two-dimensional nitrogen doped carbon (Co SAs/2D N–C) derived from 2D metal–organic frameworks (MOF).
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4
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Wang X, Chen W, Zhang L, Yao T, Liu W, Lin Y, Ju H, Dong J, Zheng L, Yan W, Zheng X, Li Z, Wang X, Yang J, He D, Wang Y, Deng Z, Wu Y, Li Y. Uncoordinated Amine Groups of Metal–Organic Frameworks to Anchor Single Ru Sites as Chemoselective Catalysts toward the Hydrogenation of Quinoline. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9419-9422. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry
for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry
for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tao Yao
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry
for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huanxin Ju
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Juncai Dong
- Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Xusheng Zheng
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department
of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry
for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry
for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry
for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dongsheng He
- Department
of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry
for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai
Synchrontron Radiation Facilities, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Deng
- Department
of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry
for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuen Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry
for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Endo O, Nakamura M, Amemiya K, Ozaki H. Compression-Induced Conformation and Orientation Changes in an n-Alkane Monolayer on a Au(111) Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3934-3940. [PMID: 28388057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the preparation method and adsorbed amount of n-tetratetracontane (n-C44H90) on its orientation in a monolayer on the Au(111) surface is studied by near carbon K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (C K-NEXAFS), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultrahigh vacuum, and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) at the electrochemical interface in sulfuric acid solution. The n-C44H90 molecules form self-assembled lamellar structures with the chain axis parallel to the surface, as observed by STM. For small amounts adsorbed, the carbon plane is parallel to the surface (flat-on orientation). An increase in the adsorbed amount by ∼10-20% induces compression of the lamellar structure either along the lamellar axis or alkyl chain axis. The compressed molecular arrangement is observed by STM, and induced conformation and orientation changes are confirmed by in situ IRAS and C K-NEXAFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Endo
- Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University , Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kenta Amemiya
- Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK-PF), Institute of Materials Structure Science (IMSS) , Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozaki
- Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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6
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Lee D, Seo J. Magnetic frustration of graphite oxide. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44690. [PMID: 28327606 PMCID: PMC5361081 DOI: 10.1038/srep44690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Delocalized π electrons in aromatic ring structures generally induce diamagnetism. In graphite oxide, however, π electrons develop ferromagnetism due to the unique structure of the material. The π electrons are only mobile in the graphitic regions of graphite oxide, which are dispersed and surrounded by sp3-hybridized carbon atoms. The spin-glass behavior of graphite oxide is corroborated by the frequency dependence of its AC susceptibility. The magnetic susceptibility data exhibit a negative Curie temperature, field irreversibility, and slow relaxation. The overall results indicate that magnetic moments in graphite oxide slowly interact and develop magnetic frustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Lee
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical &Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
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7
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Chuang CH, Ray SC, Mazumder D, Sharma S, Ganguly A, Papakonstantinou P, Chiou JW, Tsai HM, Shiu HW, Chen CH, Lin HJ, Guo J, Pong WF. Chemical Modification of Graphene Oxide by Nitrogenation: An X-ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42235. [PMID: 28186190 PMCID: PMC5301481 DOI: 10.1038/srep42235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped graphene oxides (GO:Nx) were synthesized by a partial reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using urea [CO(NH2)2]. Their electronic/bonding structures were investigated using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), valence-band photoemission spectroscopy (VB-PES), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). During GO:Nx synthesis, different nitrogen-bonding species, such as pyrrolic/graphitic-nitrogen, were formed by replacing of oxygen-containing functional groups. At lower N-content (2.7 at%), pyrrolic-N, owing to surface and subsurface diffusion of C, N and NH is deduced from various X-ray spectroscopies. In contrast, at higher N-content (5.0 at%) graphitic nitrogen was formed in which each N-atom trigonally bonds to three distinct sp2-hybridized carbons with substitution of the N-atoms for C atoms in the graphite layer. Upon nitrogen substitution, the total density of state close to Fermi level is increased to raise the valence-band maximum, as revealed by VB-PES spectra, indicating an electron donation from nitrogen, molecular bonding C/N/O coordination or/and lattice structure reorganization in GO:Nx. The well-ordered chemical environments induced by nitrogen dopant are revealed by XANES and RIXS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Chuang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sekhar C Ray
- Department of Physics, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus-1710, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Debarati Mazumder
- Department of Physics, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus-1710, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Surbhi Sharma
- Engineering Research Institute, School of Engineering, Ulster University, BT37 0QB, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Abhijit Ganguly
- Engineering Research Institute, School of Engineering, Ulster University, BT37 0QB, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Pagona Papakonstantinou
- Engineering Research Institute, School of Engineering, Ulster University, BT37 0QB, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Jau-Wern Chiou
- Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ming Tsai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Shiu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ji Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Way-Faung Pong
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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8
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Negishi R, Akabori M, Ito T, Watanabe Y, Kobayashi Y. Band-like transport in highly crystalline graphene films from defective graphene oxides. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28936. [PMID: 27364116 PMCID: PMC4929449 DOI: 10.1038/srep28936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrical transport property of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin-films synthesized from defective GO through thermal treatment in a reactive ethanol environment at high temperature above 1000 °C shows a band-like transport with small thermal activation energy (Ea~10 meV) that occurs during high carrier mobility (~210 cm(2)/Vs). Electrical and structural analysis using X-ray absorption fine structure, the valence band photo-electron, Raman spectra and transmission electron microscopy indicate that a high temperature process above 1000 °C in the ethanol environment leads to an extraordinary expansion of the conjugated π-electron system in rGO due to the efficient restoration of the graphitic structure. We reveal that Ea decreases with the increasing density of states near the Fermi level due to the expansion of the conjugated π-electron system in the rGO. This means that Ea corresponds to the energy gap between the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band. The origin of the band-like transport can be explained by the carriers, which are more easily excited into the conduction band due to the decreasing energy gap with the expansion of the conjugated π-electron system in the rGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Negishi
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Akabori
- Center for Nano Materials and Technology, JAIST, Nomi 923-1292, Japan
| | - T Ito
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Aichi Synchrotron Research Center, Seto, 489-0965, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Aichi Synchrotron Research Center, Seto, 489-0965, Japan
| | - Y Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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9
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Zhang H, Fan L, Dong H, Zhang P, Nie K, Zhong J, Li Y, Guo J, Sun X. Spectroscopic Investigation of Plasma-Fluorinated Monolayer Graphene and Application for Gas Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8652-8661. [PMID: 26967662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Large-area monolayer fluorinated graphene (FG) is synthesized by a controllable SF6 plasma treatment. The functional groups of FG are elucidated by various spectroscopies, including Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Raman results suggest that the defects are introduced into the monolayer graphene during the fluorination process. The fluorine content can be varied by the plasma treatment and can reach the maximum (∼24.6 atom % F) under 20 s of plasma treatment as examined by XPS measurement. The angle-dependent NEXAFS results reveal that the fluorine atoms interact with the graphene matrix to form covalent C-F bonds, which are perpendicular to the basal plane of FG. FG is applied as a gas-sensing material and owns much better performance for ammonia detection compared to pristine graphene. On the basis of our density functional theory simulation results, the fast response/recovery behavior and high sensitivity of the FG gas sensor are attributed to enhanced physical absorption due to the C-F covalent bonds on the surface of FG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Liwei Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huilong Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kaiqi Nie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jun Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Youyong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xuhui Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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10
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Wang YF, Singh SB, Limaye MV, Shao YC, Hsieh SH, Chen LY, Hsueh HC, Wang HT, Chiou JW, Yeh YC, Chen CW, Chen CH, Ray SC, Wang J, Pong WF, Takagi Y, Ohigashi T, Yokoyama T, Kosugi N. Visualizing chemical states and defects induced magnetism of graphene oxide by spatially-resolved-X-ray microscopy and spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15439. [PMID: 26481557 PMCID: PMC4612711 DOI: 10.1038/srep15439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation studies the various magnetic behaviors of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) and elucidates the relationship between the chemical states that involve defects therein and their magnetic behaviors in GO sheets. Magnetic hysteresis loop reveals that the GO is ferromagnetic whereas photo-thermal moderately reduced graphene oxide (M-rGO) and heavily reduced graphene oxide (H-rGO) gradually become paramagnetic behavior at room temperature. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and corresponding X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy were utilized to investigate thoroughly the variation of the C 2p(π*) states that are bound with oxygen-containing and hydroxyl groups, as well as the C 2p(σ*)-derived states in flat and wrinkle regions to clarify the relationship between the spatially-resolved chemical states and the magnetism of GO, M-rGO and H-rGO. The results of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism further support the finding that C 2p(σ*)-derived states are the main origin of the magnetism of GO. Based on experimental results and first-principles calculations, the variation in magnetic behavior from GO to M-rGO and to H-rGO is interpreted, and the origin of ferromagnetism is identified as the C 2p(σ*)-derived states that involve defects/vacancies rather than the C 2p(π*) states that are bound with oxygen-containing and hydroxyl groups on GO sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. F. Wang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shashi B. Singh
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Mukta V. Limaye
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Y. C. Shao
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan
| | - S. H. Hsieh
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan
| | - L. Y. Chen
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan
| | - H. C. Hsueh
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan
| | - H. T. Wang
- Department of Physics, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - J. W. Chiou
- Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Y. C. Yeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - C. W. Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - C. H. Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Sekhar C. Ray
- Department of Physics, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - J. Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - W. F. Pong
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan
| | - Y. Takagi
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - T. Ohigashi
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - T. Yokoyama
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - N. Kosugi
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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11
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Galakhov VR, Shamin SN, Uimin MA, Ermakov AE, Bukhvalov DW. X-ray spectroscopy of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476615030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Zhang H, Liu J, Zhao G, Gao Y, Tyliszczak T, Glans PA, Guo J, Ma D, Sun XH, Zhong J. Probing the Interfacial Interaction in Layered-Carbon-Stabilized Iron Oxide Nanostructures: A Soft X-ray Spectroscopic Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7863-7868. [PMID: 25839786 DOI: 10.1021/am5073996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have stabilized the iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) of various sizes on layered carbon materials (Fe-oxide/C) that show excellent catalytic performance. From the characterization of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy (XMCD), a strong interfacial interaction in the Fe-oxide/C hybrids has been observed between the small iron oxide NPs and layered carbon in contrast to the weak interaction in the large iron oxide NPs. The interfacial interaction between the NPs and layered carbon is found to link with the improved catalytic performance. In addition, the Fe L-edge XMCD spectra show that the large iron oxide NPs are mainly γ-Fe2O3 with a strong ferromagnetic property, whereas the small iron oxide NPs with strong interfacial interaction are mainly α-Fe2O3 or amorphous Fe2O3 with a nonmagnetic property. The results strongly suggest that the interfacial interaction plays a key role for the catalytic performance, and the experimental findings may provide guidance toward rational design of high-performance catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- ‡Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | | | - Yongjun Gao
- §Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tolek Tyliszczak
- ‡Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Per-Anders Glans
- ‡Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jinghua Guo
- ‡Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ding Ma
- §Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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13
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Manthiram A, Chung SH, Zu C. Lithium-sulfur batteries: progress and prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1980-2006. [PMID: 25688969 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Development of advanced energy-storage systems for portable devices, electric vehicles, and grid storage must fulfill several requirements: low-cost, long life, acceptable safety, high energy, high power, and environmental benignity. With these requirements, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries promise great potential to be the next-generation high-energy system. However, the practicality of Li-S technology is hindered by technical obstacles, such as short shelf and cycle life and low sulfur content/loading, arising from the shuttling of polysulfide intermediates between the cathode and anode and the poor electronic conductivity of S and the discharge product Li2 S. Much progress has been made during the past five years to circumvent these problems by employing sulfur-carbon or sulfur-polymer composite cathodes, novel cell configurations, and lithium-metal anode stabilization. This Progress Report highlights recent developments with special attention toward innovation in sulfur-encapsulation techniques, development of novel materials, and cell-component design. The scientific understanding and engineering concerns are discussed at the end in every developmental stage. The critical research directions needed and the remaining challenges to be addressed are summarized in the Conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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14
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Chuang CH, Wang YF, Shao YC, Yeh YC, Wang DY, Chen CW, Chiou JW, Ray SC, Pong WF, Zhang L, Zhu JF, Guo JH. The effect of thermal reduction on the photoluminescence and electronic structures of graphene oxides. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4525. [PMID: 24717290 PMCID: PMC3982168 DOI: 10.1038/srep04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic structures of graphene oxide (GO) and hydro-thermally reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) processed at low temperatures (120-180°C) were studied using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). C K-edge XANES spectra of rGOs reveal that thermal reduction restores C = C sp(2) bonds and removes some of the oxygen and hydroxyl groups of GO, which initiates the evolution of carbonaceous species. The combination of C K-edge XANES and Kα XES spectra shows that the overlapping π and π* orbitals in rGOs and GO are similar to that of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), which has no band-gap. C Kα RIXS spectra provide evidence that thermal reduction changes the density of states (DOSs) that is generated in the π-region and/or in the gap between the π and π* levels of the GO and rGOs. Two-dimensional C Kα RIXS mapping of the heavy reduction of rGOs further confirms that the residual oxygen and/or oxygen-containing functional groups modify the π and σ features, which are dispersed by the photon excitation energy. The dispersion behavior near the K point is approximately linear and differs from the parabolic-like dispersion observed in HOPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.-H. Chuang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan
| | - Y.-F. Wang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan
| | - Y.-C. Shao
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan
| | - Y.-C. Yeh
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - D.-Y. Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - C.-W. Chen
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - J. W. Chiou
- Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Sekhar C. Ray
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, Science Campus, Christiaan de Wet and Pioneer Avenue, Florida Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - W. F. Pong
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan
| | - L. Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230029, China
| | - J. F. Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230029, China
| | - J. H. Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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15
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Lee D, Seo J, Zhu X, Lee J, Shin HJ, Cole JM, Shin T, Lee J, Lee H, Su H. Quantum confinement-induced tunable exciton states in graphene oxide. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2250. [PMID: 23872608 PMCID: PMC3718196 DOI: 10.1038/srep02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide has recently been considered to be a potential replacement for cadmium-based quantum dots due to its expected high fluorescence. Although previously reported, the origin of the luminescence in graphene oxide is still controversial. Here, we report the presence of core/valence excitons in graphene-based materials, a basic ingredient for optical devices, induced by quantum confinement. Electron confinement in the unreacted graphitic regions of graphene oxide was probed by high resolution X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. Using experiments and simulations, we were able to tune the core/valence exciton energy by manipulating the size of graphitic regions through the degree of oxidation. The binding energy of an exciton in highly oxidized graphene oxide is similar to that in organic electroluminescent materials. These results open the possibility of graphene oxide-based optoelectronic device technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Lee
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
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16
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Probing substrate-induced perturbations on the band structure of graphene on Ni(111) by soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Tokushima T, Horikawa Y, Arai H, Harada Y, Takahashi O, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A, Shin S. Polarization dependent resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy of D2O and H2O water: assignment of the local molecular orbital symmetry. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:044517. [PMID: 22299901 DOI: 10.1063/1.3678443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The polarization dependence of the split two peaks in the lone-pair region in the x-ray emission spectra has been determined at several different excitation energies for both D(2)O and H(2)O water. In contrast to predictions based on a narrow range of local water structures where the two peaks would be of different molecular orbital symmetry and arise from, respectively, intact and dissociated molecules, we show that the two peaks in the lone-pair region are both of lone-pair 1b(1) orbital symmetry. The results support the interpretation that the two peaks appear due to fluctuations between two distinct different main structural environments.
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Zhang L, Ji L, Glans PA, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Guo J. Electronic structure and chemical bonding of a graphene oxide–sulfur nanocomposite for use in superior performance lithium–sulfur cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:13670-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42866k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ji L, Rao M, Zheng H, Zhang L, Li Y, Duan W, Guo J, Cairns EJ, Zhang Y. Graphene Oxide as a Sulfur Immobilizer in High Performance Lithium/Sulfur Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18522-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja206955k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1315] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Ji
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mumin Rao
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Liang Zhang
- The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yuanchang Li
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhui Duan
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinghua Guo
- The Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elton J. Cairns
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yuegang Zhang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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20
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Li Z, Zheng L, Yan W, Pan Z, Wei S. Spectroscopic characteristics of differently produced single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:2296-304. [PMID: 19569089 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) synthesized with different methods are investigated by using multiple characterization techniques, including Raman scattering, optical absorption, and X-ray absorption near edge structure, along with X-ray photoemission by following the total valence bands and C 1s core-level spectra. Four different SWNT materials (produced by arc discharge, HiPco, laser ablation, and CoMoCat methods) contain nanotubes with diameters ranging from 0.7 to 2.8 nm. The diameter distribution and the composition of metallic and semiconducting tubes of the SWNT materials are strongly affected by the synthesis method. Similar sp(2) hybridization of carbon in the oxygenated SWNT structure can be found, but different surface functionalities are introduced while the tubes are processed. All the SWNTs demonstrate stronger plasmon resonance excitations and lower electron binding energy than graphite and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. These SWNT materials also exhibit different valence-band X-ray photoemission features, which are considerably affected by the nanotube diameter distribution and metallic/semiconducting composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrui Li
- Nanotechnology Center, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave., Little Rock, AR 72202-1099, USA.
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21
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Fuchs O, Weinhardt L, Blum M, Weigand M, Umbach E, Bär M, Heske C, Denlinger J, Chuang YD, McKinney W, Hussain Z, Gullikson E, Jones M, Batson P, Nelles B, Follath R. High-resolution, high-transmission soft x-ray spectrometer for the study of biological samples. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:063103. [PMID: 19566192 DOI: 10.1063/1.3133704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a variable line-space grating spectrometer for soft x-rays that covers the photon energy range between 130 and 650 eV. The optical design is based on the Hettrick-Underwood principle and tailored to synchrotron-based studies of radiation-sensitive biological samples. The spectrometer is able to record the entire spectral range in one shot, i.e., without any mechanical motion, at a resolving power of 1200 or better. Despite its slitless design, such a resolving power can be achieved for a source spot as large as (30 x 3000) microm2, which is important for keeping beam damage effects in radiation-sensitive samples low. The high spectrometer efficiency allows recording of comprehensive two-dimensional resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering (RIXS) maps with good statistics within several minutes. This is exemplarily demonstrated for a RIXS map of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, which was taken within 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fuchs
- Universität Würzburg, Experimentelle Physik II, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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22
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Chakraborty AK, Coleman KS, Dhanak VR. The electronic fine structure of 4-nitrophenyl functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:155704. [PMID: 19420556 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/15/155704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the electronic structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is of great importance to various CNT based applications. Herein the electronic fine structure of single-walled carbon nanotube films modified with 4-nitrophenyl groups, produced following reaction with 4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate, was investigated for the first time. Various techniques such as x-ray and ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy, and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure studies were used to explore the electronic structure, and the results were compared with the measured electrical resistances. A reduction in number of the pi electronic states in the valence band consistent with the increased resistance of the functionalized nanotube films was observed.
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23
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Okotrub AV, Bulusheva LG, Kudashov AG, Belavin VV, Komogortsev SV. Arrays of carbon nanotubes aligned perpendicular to the substrate surface: Anisotropy of structure and properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078008030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Muramatsu Y. Soft X-Ray Absorption Spectral Analysis of Amorphous Carbon and Carbon Black Using the DV-Xα Method. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(07)00016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Shaw DM, Odelius M, Tse JS. Theoretical X-ray absorption investigation of the uniaxial compression of hexagonal graphite. CAN J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1139/v07-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray absorption (XAS) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra for the intermediate structures along uniaxial c-axis compression of hexagonal graphite are studied with the first-principles pseudopotential plane wave method. Comparison with experiment is made whenever results are available. A transformation from graphite to a new carbon phase was observed in the simulation. The new phase consists of alternating linkages of the graphite layers via the formation of C–C σ bonds. The calculated XAS and XRD reproduced most but not all of the features observed in a recent experiment. Comments are made on the reliability of the computational procedures to reproduce the XAS of these structures.Key words: graphite, uniaxial compression, ab initio, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
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26
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Seo JH, Kim CY, Kang SJ, Yoo KH, Whang CN, Moewes A, Chang GS. Electronic structure of NPB and BCP molecules probed by x-ray emission spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:064706. [PMID: 17313237 DOI: 10.1063/1.2464086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies have been employed to investigate the electronic structure and chemical bonding of two prototypical molecules, N,N(')-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N(')-diphenyl-1,1(')-biphenyl-4,4(')-diamine (NPB) and bathocuproine (BCP), which are frequently chosen because of their hole-transporting and hole-blocking properties, respectively. The resulting resonant C Kalpha x-ray emission spectra of these materials reveal different spectral features depending on the resonant excitation energy. According to the N absorption and emission spectra, the contribution of N atoms to the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals is different for in NPB and in BCP. Detailed knowledge of these materials will allow tailoring charge transport properties of organic devices in order to develop high performance organic light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Seo
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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27
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X-ray absorption of nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon films for determining sp2/sp3 bonding concentrations. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Wessely O, Katsnelson MI, Eriksson O. Ab initio theory of dynamical core-hole screening in graphite from x-ray absorption spectra. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:167401. [PMID: 15904264 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.167401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We have implemented the effect of dynamical core-hole screening, as given by Mahan, Nozières, and De Dominicis, in a first-principles based method and applied the theory to the x-ray absorption (XA) spectrum of graphite. It turns out that two of the conspicuous peaks of graphite are well described, both regarding the position, shape, and relative intensity, whereas one peak is absent in the theory. Only by incorporation of both excitonic and delocalized processes can a full account of the experimental spectrum be obtained theoretically, and we interpret the XA spectrum in graphite to be the result of a well screened and a poor screened process, much in the same way as is done for core level x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Wessely
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, SE-75121, Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Augustsson A, Herstedt M, Guo JH, Edström K, Zhuang GV, Ross, Jr. PN, Rubensson JE, Nordgren J. Solid electrolyte interphase on graphite Li-ion battery anodes studied by soft X-ray spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b313434b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Muramatsu Y, Kaneyoshi T, Gullikson EM, Perera RCC. Angle-resolved soft X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy of hexagonal boron nitride. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2003; 59:1951-1957. [PMID: 12788449 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(02)00442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Angle-resolved soft X-ray emission and absorption spectra in the BK and NK regions of hexagonal BN were measured using polarized synchrotron radiation. The take-off/incident-angle-dependence on the spectral features in both X-ray emission and absorption is clearly observed. The configuration of the sigma and pi orbitals, which were calculated using discrete variational (DV)-Xalpha molecular orbital calculations, explains the angle-resolved soft X-ray emission and absorption spectra. The relative peak intensity of the 394-eV peak in the NK X-ray emission provides useful information about the BN layer ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuji Muramatsu
- Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Mikazuki, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
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31
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Okotrub AV, Bulusheva LG, Kuznetsov VL, Butenko YV, Chuvilin AL, Heggie MI. X-ray Emission Studies of the Valence Band of Nanodiamonds Annealed at Different Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011808o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Okotrub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Environmental Science, University of Sussex at Brighton, Brighton, U.K
| | - L. G. Bulusheva
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Environmental Science, University of Sussex at Brighton, Brighton, U.K
| | - V. L. Kuznetsov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Environmental Science, University of Sussex at Brighton, Brighton, U.K
| | - Yu. V. Butenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Environmental Science, University of Sussex at Brighton, Brighton, U.K
| | - A. L. Chuvilin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Environmental Science, University of Sussex at Brighton, Brighton, U.K
| | - M. I. Heggie
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Environmental Science, University of Sussex at Brighton, Brighton, U.K
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32
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Graphite photoelectrochemistry 2. Photoelectrochemical studies of highly oriented pyrolitic graphite. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Magnuson M, Guo JH, Butorin SM, Agui A, Såthe C, Nordgren J, Monkman AP. The electronic structure of polyaniline and doped phases studied by soft x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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34
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13. Soft X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-695x(08)60286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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35
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36
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Stagarescu CB, Duda L, Smith KE, Guo JH, Nordgren J, Singh R, Moustakas TD. Electronic structure of GaN measured using soft-x-ray emission and absorption. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:R17335-R17338. [PMID: 9985951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.r17335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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37
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Ahuja R, Brühwiler PA, Wills JM, Johansson B, Mårtensson N, Eriksson O. Theoretical and experimental study of the graphite 1s x-ray absorption edges. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:14396-14404. [PMID: 9985445 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Glans P, Gunnelin K, Skytt P, Guo J, Wassdahl N, Nordgren J, Ågren H, Gel'mukhanov FK, Warwick T, Rotenberg E. Resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy of molecular oxygen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:2448-2451. [PMID: 10060702 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Brühwiler PA, Kuiper P, Eriksson O, Ahuja R, Svensson S. Core hole effects in resonant inelastic x-ray scattering of graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:1761. [PMID: 10060512 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Carlisle JA, Shirley EL, Hudson EA, Terminello LJ, Callcott TA, Jia JJ, Ederer DL, Perera RC, Himpsel FJ. Probing the graphite band structure with resonant soft-x-ray fluorescence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:1234-1237. [PMID: 10058968 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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Ma Y, Miyano KE, Cowan PL, Aglitzkiy Y, Karlin BA. Anisotropy of Si K beta emission: Interference of fluorescence X rays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:478-481. [PMID: 10058768 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ma Y. Soft X‐ray emission and resonant inelastic scattering experiments at the NSLS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/08940889508602786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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