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Suendo V, Lau Y, Hidayat F, Reza M, Qadafi A, Rochliadi A. Effect of face-to-face and side-to-side interchain interactions on the electron transport in emeraldine salt polyaniline. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7190-7199. [PMID: 33734245 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06194h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) is a conductive polymer that has been studied intensively due to its high conductivity, ease of synthesis, fascinating doping mechanism, and a broad spectrum of applications. Polyaniline doped HCl was synthesized by a common direct-oxidation method of aniline using ammonium persulfate as the oxidant in HCl solution at various temperatures. This study focused on conductivity alteration of PANI-ES (emeraldine salt) due to the interchain interaction observed at different reaction temperatures from room temperature down to -15 °C. The molecular structure of PANI-ES was determined by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. At low reaction temperature, the electronic transport properties improve significantly as reflected by its conductivity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the value d{(110)} and β play an important role in electron transport through face-to-face and side-to-side interactions, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the morphology of the synthesized PANI-ES consists of granules that are interconnected by nanofibers. Here, the correlation between electronic transport properties, structure, and morphology induced by reaction temperature was analyzed and discussed in detail. Moreover, PANI ES synthesized at 0 °C was applied as an electrocatalytic active layer in the DSSC's counter-electrode with a promising result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veinardi Suendo
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Research Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
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Physiochemical and morphological dependent growth of NIH/3T3 and PC-12 on polyaniline-chloride/chitosan bionanocomposites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:1304-1312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Russo P, Nasti G, Coppola S, Gentile G, Tuccitto N, Li-Destri G, Marletta G, Ferraro P. Single fibres of pyro-electrospinned PVDF-HFP/MWCNT unveal high electrical conductivity. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Aggas JR, Harrell W, Lutkenhaus J, Guiseppi-Elie A. Metal-polymer interface influences apparent electrical properties of nano-structured polyaniline films. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:672-682. [PMID: 29239451 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06503e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interface between the conductive polymer, polyaniline (PAn-Cl), and gold, platinum, or an interceding layer of electrodeposited platinum on gold or platinum, markedly influences the apparent electrical properties and the electronic to ionic transition in physiological buffers. Polyester-supported, sputter-deposited gold and platinum thin films were laser patterned to yield co-planar Thin Film Electrodes (TFEs) suitable for platinization and deposition of PAn-Cl nanofibers. Electrodeposition of platinum from chloroplatinic acid (50 mC cm-2) onto gold produced larger feature sizes and larger surface roughness (23.5 nm) when compared to platinization of platinum (15.2 nm) and both similarly reduced interfacial impedance in water and physiologically relevant buffers, PBS and HEPES. UV-Vis characterization produced absorption edges (DI water 2.36 eV, PBS 2.64 eV, and HEPES 2.66 eV) reflective of the ionic strength of the medium. Thin films (23 ± 2 μm) of PAn-Cl nanofibers were deposited onto Au, Pt, Au|Pt, Pt|Pt TFEs and each characterized by Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) over the range 106-10-1 Hz at RT in air, DI water, PBS, and HEPES buffers and by multiple scan rate cyclic voltammetry (MSRCV) in PBS. Platinized gold and platinized platinum decorated with PAn-Cl behaved quite differently in these test environments confirming a role for the contacting surface roughness/nano-topography in influencing apparent electrical properties. Equivalent circuit modeling of EIS data revealed a modified Randles circuit (R(QR)) of low chi-square values (<0.05) that rationalized the capacitance and membrane resistance and confirmed that platinization of gold served to increase the PAn-Cl apparent resistance while platinization of platinum served to decrease the PAn-Cl apparent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Aggas
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Rathod VT, Kumar JS, Jain A. Polymer and ceramic nanocomposites for aerospace applications. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-017-0592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pud AA, Nikolayeva OA, Vretik LO, Noskov YV, Ogurtsov NA, Kruglyak OS, Fedorenko EA. New nanocomposites of polystyrene with polyaniline doped with lauryl sulfuric acid. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:493. [PMID: 28812284 PMCID: PMC5557724 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work is concentrated on synthesis and investigation of new core-shell nanocomposites of polystyrene (PS) with doped polyaniline (PANI). The latex containing PS nanoparticles with sizes of 15-30 nm was prepared by microemulsion polymerization of styrene in water media. The PS/PANI nanocomposites were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in the PS latex media in a presence of lauryl sulfuric acid (LSA), which served as both dopant and plasticizer. The real content of PANI in the synthesized nanocomposites was determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy method. The composition of the nanocomposites and oxidation state of the doped polyaniline were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The core-shell morphology of the nanocomposite nanoparticles was proved by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that conductivity and thermal behavior in air of these nanocomposites not only nonlinearly depended on the doped polyaniline content but also were strongly effected both by plasticizing properties of the acid-dopant and presence of the polyaniline shell. A possibility of application of these nanocomposites as sensor materials has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Pud
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, 50 Kharkivske shose, Kyiv, 02160 Ukraine
| | - O. A. Nikolayeva
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska street, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - L. O. Vretik
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska street, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Yu. V. Noskov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, 50 Kharkivske shose, Kyiv, 02160 Ukraine
| | - N. A. Ogurtsov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, 50 Kharkivske shose, Kyiv, 02160 Ukraine
| | - O. S. Kruglyak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, 50 Kharkivske shose, Kyiv, 02160 Ukraine
| | - E. A. Fedorenko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, 50 Kharkivske shose, Kyiv, 02160 Ukraine
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Polpaya IC, Rao CL, Varughese S. Strain induced insulator-to-conductor transition in conducting polymer composites from the auxetic behaviour of hierarchical microstructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19377-19385. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02742g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The auxetic behaviour of the hierarchichal microstructure present in polyaniline composites is shown to result in an insulator-to-conductor transition and a reduction in the percolation threshold upon the application of strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Lakshmana Rao
- Department of Applied Mechanics
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai
- India
| | - Susy Varughese
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai
- India
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Mayevsky D, Gann E, Garvey CJ, McNeill CR, Winther-Jensen B. Decoupling order and conductivity in doped conducting polymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19397-404. [PMID: 27374244 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03307e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein it is demonstrated that the high level of interchain ordering of pEDOT is not necessary for the polymer to have efficient charge transport. Resistance and order are compared during the manufacturing process, where the polymerisation step and ordering step are decoupled as separate stages of the processing. GIWAXS experiments measuring interchain order are correlated to resistivity measurements at multiple stages of the manufacturing process on single films, and it is shown that for an individual film, where percolation is achieved, having a long range ordered system offers no reduction in resistance compared to having a highly disordered state of the same film. For this system, once the chains of pEDOT are formed, it is experimentally demonstrated that for percolation to be achieved, a remarkably low 4.5% volume fraction pEDOT is required. The apparent lack of necessity for significant interchain ordering allows for a meaningful measurement of development of the charge transport during the chemical polymerisation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mayevsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Eliot Gann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
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Jafarzadeh S, Claesson PM, Sundell PE, Pan J, Thormann E. Nanoscale electrical and mechanical characteristics of conductive polyaniline network in polymer composite films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:19168-19175. [PMID: 25295701 DOI: 10.1021/am505161z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence and characteristics of a connected network of polyaniline (PANI) within a composite coating based on polyester acrylate (PEA) has been investigated. The bulk electrical conductivity of the composite was measured by impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the composite films containing PANI have an electrical conductivity level in the range of semiconductors (order of 10(-3) S cm(-1)), which suggests the presence of a connected network of the conductive phase. The nanoscopic distribution of such a network within the cured film was characterized by PeakForce tunneling atomic force microscopy (AFM). This method simultaneously provides local information about surface topography and nanomechanical properties, together with electrical conductivity arising from conductive paths connecting the metallic substrate to the surface of the coating. The data demonstrates that a PEA-rich layer exists at the composite-air interface, which hinders the conductive phase to be fully detected at the surface layer. However, by exposing the internal structure of the composites using a microtome, a much higher population of a conductive network of PANI, with higher elastic modulus than the PEA matrix, was observed and characterized. Local current-voltage (I-V) spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the conduction mechanism within the nanocomposite films, and revealed non-Ohmic characteristics of the conductive network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Jafarzadeh
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Drottning Kristinas väg 51, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Mezdour D, Pilard JF, Tabellout M, Odake S, Sahli S. Synthesis and characterization of conductive composite films of polyisoprene/PA12@ PANI. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douniazed Mezdour
- Département d'Eélectronique; Faculté des Sciences et de la Technologie; Université Mohamed Seddik ben Yahia; BP 98, Ouled Aissa 18000 Jijel Algérie
| | - Jean-François Pilard
- Unité de Chimie Organique Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire UCO2M; UMR 6011, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen; 72085 Le Mans cedex 9 France
| | - Mohamed Tabellout
- Laboratoire IMMM-PEC; UMR CNRS 6283, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen; 72085 Le Mans cedex 9 France
| | - Shoko Odake
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology; School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii 96822
| | - Salah Sahli
- Laboratoire Microsystèmes et Instrumentation (LMI); Faculté des Sciences et de la Technologie; Université Constantine1; Route Ain El Bey 25017 Constantine Algeria
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11
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Babu VJ, Vempati S, Ramakrishna S. Conducting Polyaniline-Electrical Charge Transportation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/msa.2013.41001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Knaapila M, Torkkeli M, Mäkelä T, Horsburgh L, Lindfors K, Serimaa R, Kaivola M, Monkman AP, Brinke G, Ikkala O. Self-Organization of Nitrogen-Containing Polymeric Supramolecules in Thin Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-660-jj5.21.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Yoonessi M, Gaier JR. Highly conductive multifunctional graphene polycarbonate nanocomposites. ACS NANO 2010; 4:7211-7220. [PMID: 21082818 DOI: 10.1021/nn1019626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanosheet-bisphenol A polycarbonate nanocomposites (0.027-2.2 vol %) prepared by both emulsion mixing and solution blending methods, followed by compression molding at 287 °C, exhibited dc electrical percolation threshold of ∼0.14 and ∼0.38 vol %, respectively. The conductivities of 2.2 vol % graphene nanocomposites were 0.512 and 0.226 S/cm for emulsion and solution mixing. The 1.1 and 2.2 vol % graphene nanocomposites exhibited frequency-independent behavior. Inherent conductivity, extremely high aspect ratio, and nanostructure directed assembly of the graphene using PC nanospheres are the main factors for excellent electrical properties of the nanocomposites. Dynamic tensile moduli of nanocomposites increased with increasing graphene in the nanocomposite. The glass transition temperatures were decreased with increasing graphene for the emulsion series. High-resolution electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) showed isolated graphene with no connectivity path for insulating nanocomposites and connected nanoparticles for the conductive nanocomposites. A stacked disk model was used to obtain the average particle radius, average number of graphene layers per stack, and stack spacing by simulation of the experimental SANS data. Morphology studies indicated the presence of well-dispersed graphene and small graphene stacking with infusion of polycarbonate within the stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Yoonessi
- NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA.
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Yanagi K, Udoguchi H, Sagitani S, Oshima Y, Takenobu T, Kataura H, Ishida T, Matsuda K, Maniwa Y. Transport mechanisms in metallic and semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotube networks. ACS NANO 2010; 4:4027-4032. [PMID: 20593841 DOI: 10.1021/nn101177n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the conduction mechanisms in single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks is crucial for their use in thin-film transistors and conducting films. However, the uncontrollable mixture state of metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs has always been an obstacle in this regard. In the present study, we revealed that the conduction mechanisms in nanotube networks formed by high-purity metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs are completely different. Quantum transport was observed in macroscopic networks of pure metallic SWCNTs. However, for semiconducting SWCNT networks, Coulomb-gap-type conduction was observed, due to Coulomb interactions between localized electrons. Crossovers among a weakly localized state and strongly localized states with and without Coulomb interactions were observed for transport electrons by varying the relative content of metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs. It was found that hopping barriers, which always exist in normal SWCNT networks and are serious obstacles to achieving high conductivity, were not present in pure metallic SWCNT networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, 192-0397 Tokyo, Japan.
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Sun X, Song M. Numerical Simulations of the Effect of Microstructure on AC Conductivity of MWCNT/Polymer Nanocomposites. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200900042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Singh I, Verma A, Kaur I, Bharadwaj LM, Bhatia V, Jain VK, Bhatia CS, Bhatnagar PK, Mathur PC. The effect of length of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on electrical properties of conducting polymer-SWNT composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Chattopadhyay D, Bain MK. Electrically conductive nanocomposites of polyaniline with poly(vinyl alcohol) and methylcellulose. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Basavaraja C, Veeranagouda Y, Lee K, Pierson R, Huh DS. Surface characterization and electrical behavior of polyaniline-polymannuronate nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized chemically and doped with camphor sulfonic acid. New PANI/formvar blend films were prepared using solution blending. These blend films were characterized by UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy to investigate their optical, structural and morphological properties. It was found that the percolation threshold of these blend films is 4.4 wt.% of PANI. The dc and ac conductivities of these blend films were measured at a temperature range from 70 to 300 K in the frequency range of 10 kHz—1 MHz. The temperature dependence of the dc conductivity of the PANI/formvar blend films followed the three-dimensional variable range hopping. Temperature variation of frequency exponents in this blend suggests that ac conduction is attributed to be correlated to barrier hopping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaker Ebrahim
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, P.O Box 832, Egypt,
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Ebrahim SM, Kashyout AB, Soliman MM. Electrical and structural properties of polyaniline/cellulose triacetate blend films. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-007-9125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Huijbregts LJ, Brom HB, Brokken-Zijp JCM, Kemerink M, Chen Z, Goeje MPD, Yuan M, Michels MAJ. The Optimal Structure−Conductivity Relation in Epoxy-Phthalocyanine Nanocomposites. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:23115-22. [PMID: 17107152 DOI: 10.1021/jp063567w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phthalcon-11 (aquocyanophthalocyaninatocobalt (III)) forms semiconducting nanocrystals that can be dispersed in epoxy coatings to obtain a semiconducting material with a low percolation threshold. We investigated the structure-conductivity relation in this composite and the deviation from its optimal realization by combining two techniques. The real parts of the electrical conductivity of a Phthalcon-11/epoxy coating and of Phthalcon-11 powder were measured by dielectric spectroscopy as a function of frequency and temperature. Conducting atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) was applied to quantify the conductivity through the coating locally along the surface. This combination gives an excellent tool to visualize the particle network. We found that a large fraction of the crystals is organized in conducting channels of fractal building blocks. In this picture, a low percolation threshold automatically leads to a conductivity that is much lower than that of the filler. Since the structure-conductivity relation for the found network is almost optimal, a drastic increase in the conductivity of the coating cannot be achieved by changing the particle network, but only by using a filler with a higher conductivity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Huijbregts
- Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Fraysse J, Planès J, Dufresne A. Transport and Mechanical Properties of Polyaniline—Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends Exhibiting Low Percolation Threshold. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587250008023645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Fraysse
- a Laboratoire de Physique des Métaux Synthétiques , UMR 5819 (CEA-CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier) , SI3M/DRFMC/CEA-Grenoble, F-38054, Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Jérôme Planès
- a Laboratoire de Physique des Métaux Synthétiques , UMR 5819 (CEA-CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier) , SI3M/DRFMC/CEA-Grenoble, F-38054, Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Alain Dufresne
- b Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolecules Végétales, Université Joseph Fourier , BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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Alig I, Dudkin SM, Jenninger W, Marzantowicz M. Ac conductivity and dielectric permittivity of poly(ethylene glycol) during crystallization: Percolation picture. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Amarnath CA, Palaniappan S, Rannou P, Pron A. Conducting blends obtained from maleic acid/dodecylhydrogensulfate-doped polyaniline and polyvinyl chloride by solution processing. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Barrau S, Demont P, Peigney A, Laurent C, Lacabanne C. DC and AC Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes−Polyepoxy Composites. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma021263b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Barrau
- Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères and Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Inorganiques, CIRIMAT, UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Demont
- Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères and Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Inorganiques, CIRIMAT, UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Alain Peigney
- Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères and Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Inorganiques, CIRIMAT, UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Laurent
- Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères and Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Inorganiques, CIRIMAT, UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Colette Lacabanne
- Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères and Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Inorganiques, CIRIMAT, UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
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29
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Xu N, Zhou D, Li L, He J, Chen W, Wan F, Xue G. Physical properties of PVA/PSSNa blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Processible conjugated polymers: from organic semiconductors to organic metals and superconductors. Prog Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6700(01)00043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 595] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Juvin P, Hasik M, Fraysse J, Plan�s J, Pron A, Kulszewicz-Bajer I. Conductive blends of polyaniline with plasticized poly(methyl methacrylate). J Appl Polym Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19991017)74:3<471::aid-app1>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Heeger
- UNIAX Corporation, 6780 Cortona Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - David J. Heeger
- UNIAX Corporation, 6780 Cortona Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - John Langan
- UNIAX Corporation, 6780 Cortona Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- UNIAX Corporation, 6780 Cortona Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
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Lee K, Menon R, Yoon CO, Heeger AJ. Reflectance of conducting polypyrrole: Observation of the metal-insulator transition driven by disorder. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:4779-4787. [PMID: 9981658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.4779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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