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Howarth J, Vaklinova K, Grzeszczyk M, Baldi G, Hague L, Potemski M, Novoselov KS, Kozikov A, Koperski M. Electroluminescent vertical tunneling junctions based on WSe 2 monolayer quantum emitter arrays: Exploring tunability with electric and magnetic fields. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401757121. [PMID: 38820004 PMCID: PMC11161753 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401757121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the creation of defects in monolayer WSe2 via nanopillar imprinting and helium ion irradiation. Based on the first method, we realize atomically thin vertical tunneling light-emitting diodes based on WSe2 monolayers hosting quantum emitters at deterministically specified locations. We characterize these emitters by investigating the evolution of their emission spectra in external electric and magnetic fields, as well as by inducing electroluminescence at low temperatures. We identify qualitatively different types of quantum emitters and classify them according to the dominant electron-hole recombination paths, determined by the mechanisms of intervalley mixing occurring in fundamental conduction and/or valence subbands.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Howarth
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Vaklinova
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore117544, Singapore
| | - Magdalena Grzeszczyk
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore117544, Singapore
| | - Giulio Baldi
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore119077, Singapore
| | - Lee Hague
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Potemski
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes-Université Paul Sabatier-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Toulouse, Grenoble38042, France
- Center for Terahertz Research and Applications Labs, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw01-142, Poland
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore117544, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117575, Singapore
| | - Aleksey Kozikov
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture & Engineering, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon TyneNE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore117544, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117575, Singapore
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2
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Mohseni M, Allami H, Miravet D, Gayowsky DJ, Korkusinski M, Hawrylak P. Majorana Excitons in a Kitaev Chain of Semiconductor Quantum Dots in a Nanowire. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2293. [PMID: 37630878 PMCID: PMC10459495 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We present here a theory of Majorana excitons, photo-excited conduction electron-valence band hole pairs, interacting with Majorana Fermions in a Kitaev chain of semiconductor quantum dots embedded in a nanowire. Using analytical tools and exact diagonalization methods, we identify the presence of Majorana zero modes in the nanowire absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahan Mohseni
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.J.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Hassan Allami
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.J.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Daniel Miravet
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.J.G.); (M.K.)
| | - David J. Gayowsky
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.J.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Marek Korkusinski
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.J.G.); (M.K.)
- Security and Disruptive Technologies, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Pawel Hawrylak
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.J.G.); (M.K.)
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Bieniek M, Sadecka K, Szulakowska L, Hawrylak P. Theory of Excitons in Atomically Thin Semiconductors: Tight-Binding Approach. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1582. [PMID: 35564291 PMCID: PMC9104105 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin semiconductors from the transition metal dichalcogenide family are materials in which the optical response is dominated by strongly bound excitonic complexes. Here, we present a theory of excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors using a tight-binding model of the electronic structure. In the first part, we review extensive literature on 2D van der Waals materials, with particular focus on their optical response from both experimental and theoretical points of view. In the second part, we discuss our ab initio calculations of the electronic structure of MoS2, representative of a wide class of materials, and review our minimal tight-binding model, which reproduces low-energy physics around the Fermi level and, at the same time, allows for the understanding of their electronic structure. Next, we describe how electron-hole pair excitations from the mean-field-level ground state are constructed. The electron-electron interactions mix the electron-hole pair excitations, resulting in excitonic wave functions and energies obtained by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation. This is enabled by the efficient computation of the Coulomb matrix elements optimized for two-dimensional crystals. Next, we discuss non-local screening in various geometries usually used in experiments. We conclude with a discussion of the fine structure and excited excitonic spectra. In particular, we discuss the effect of band nesting on the exciton fine structure; Coulomb interactions; and the topology of the wave functions, screening and dielectric environment. Finally, we follow by adding another layer and discuss excitons in heterostructures built from two-dimensional semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bieniek
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (K.S.); (L.S.); (P.H.)
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Sadecka
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (K.S.); (L.S.); (P.H.)
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ludmiła Szulakowska
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (K.S.); (L.S.); (P.H.)
| | - Paweł Hawrylak
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (K.S.); (L.S.); (P.H.)
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4
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Mintairov AM, Lebedev DV, Vlasov AS, Blundell SA. Majorana Anyon Composites in Magneto-Photoluminescence Spectra of Natural Quantum Hall Puddles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1016. [PMID: 35335829 PMCID: PMC8956118 DOI: 10.3390/nano12061016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In magneto-photoluminescence (magneto-PL) spectra of quasi two-dimensional islands (quantum dots) having seven electrons and Wigner−Seitz radius rs~1.5, we revealed a suppression of magnetic field (B) dispersion, paramagnetic shifts, and jumps of the energy of the emission components for filling factors ν > 1 (B < 10 T). Additionally, we observed B-hysteresis of the jumps and a dependence of all these anomalous features on rs. Using a theoretical description of the magneto-PL spectra and an analysis of the electronic structure of these dots based on the single-particle Fock−Darwin spectrum and many-particle configuration-interaction calculations, we show that these observations can be described by the rs-dependent formation of the anyon (magneto-electron) composites (ACs) involving single-particle states having non-zero angular momentum and that the anyon states observed involve Majorana modes (MMs), including zero-B modes having an equal number of vortexes and anti-vortexes, which can be considered as Majorana anyons. We show that the paramagnetic shift corresponds to a destruction of the equilibrium self-formed ν~5/2 AC by the external magnetic field and that the jumps and their hysteresis can be described in terms of Majorana qubit states controlled by B and rs. Our results show a critical role of quantum confinement in the formation of magneto-electrons and implies the liquid-crystal nature of fractional quantum Hall effect states, the Majorana anyon origin of the states having even ν, i.e., composite fermions, which provide new opportunities for topological quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Mintairov
- Ioffe Institute, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.V.L.); (A.S.V.)
- Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | | | - Alexey S. Vlasov
- Ioffe Institute, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.V.L.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Steven A. Blundell
- SyMMES, IRIG, CNRS, CEA, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
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5
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Filikhin I, Kezerashvili RY, Tsiklauri SM, Vlahovic B. Trions in bulk and monolayer materials: Faddeev equations and hyperspherical harmonics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:124002. [PMID: 29350620 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa94d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The negatively T - and positively T + charged trions in bulk and monolayer semiconductors are studied in the effective mass approximation within the framework of a potential model. The binding energies of trions in various semiconductors are calculated by employing the Faddeev equation with the Coulomb potential in 3D configuration space. Results of calculations of the binding energies for T - are consistent with previous computational studies, while the T + is unbound for all considered cases. The binding energies of trions in monolayer semiconductors are calculated using the method of hyperspherical harmonics by employing the Keldysh potential. It is shown that 2D T - and T + trions are bound and the binding energy of the positive trion is always greater than for the negative trion due to the heavier effective mass of holes. Our calculations demonstrate that screening effects play an important role in the formation of bound states of trions in 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Filikhin
- Mathematics and Physics Department, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, United States of America
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6
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Horta-Piñeres S, Escorcia-Salas GE, Mikhailov ID, Sierra-Ortega J. Trion X+ in vertically coupled type II quantum dots in threading magnetic field. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:532. [PMID: 23013605 PMCID: PMC3563483 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the energy spectrum of a positively charged exciton confined in a semiconductor heterostructure formed by two vertically coupled, axially symmetrical type II quantum dots located close to each other. The electron in the structure is mainly located inside the dots, while the holes generally move in the exterior region close to the symmetry axis. The solutions of the Schrödinger equation are obtained by a variational separation of variables in the adiabatic limit. Numerical results are shown for bonding and anti-bonding lowest-lying of the trion states corresponding to the different quantum dots morphologies, dimensions, separation between them, thicknesses of the wetting layers, and the magnetic field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindi Horta-Piñeres
- Group of Investigation in Condensed Matter Theory, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, AA 731, Colombia
- Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, AA 406, Colombia
| | | | - Ilia D Mikhailov
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, AA 678, Colombia
| | - José Sierra-Ortega
- Group of Investigation in Condensed Matter Theory, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, AA 731, Colombia
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7
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Groshaus JG, Plochocka-Polack P, Rappaport M, Umansky V, Bar-Joseph I, Dennis BS, Pfeiffer LN, West KW, Gallais Y, Pinczuk A. Absorption in the fractional quantum Hall regime: trion dichroism and spin polarization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:156803. [PMID: 17501371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.156803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of optical interband absorption in the fractional quantum Hall regime in a GaAs quantum well in the range 0<nu<or=1. We investigate the mechanism of singlet trion absorption, and show that its circular dichroism can be used as a probe of the spin polarization of the ground state of the two-dimensional electron system (2DES). We find that at nu<or=1/3 the 2DES is fully spin polarized. Increasing the filling factor results in a gradual depolarization, with a sharp minimum in the dichroism near nu=2/3. We find that in the range 0.5<or=nu<0.85 the 2DES remains partially polarized for the broad range of magnetic fields from 2.75 to 11 T. This is consistent with the presence of a mixture of polarized and depolarized regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Groshaus
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel and Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technology, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA
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8
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Abolfath RM, Hawrylak P. Real space Hartree-Fock configuration interaction method for complex lateral quantum dot molecules. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:34707. [PMID: 16863373 DOI: 10.1063/1.2219447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present unrestricted Hartree-Fock method coupled with configuration interaction (CI) method (URHF-CI) suitable for the calculation of ground and excited states of large number of electrons localized by complex gate potentials in quasi-two-dimensional quantum dot molecules. The method employs real space finite difference method, incorporating strong magnetic field, for calculating single particle states. The Hartree-Fock method is employed for the calculation of direct and exchange interaction contributions to the ground state energy. The effects of correlations are included in energies and directly in the many-particle wave functions via CI method using a limited set of excitations above the Fermi level. The URHF-CI method and its performance are illustrated on the example of ten electrons confined in a two-dimensional quantum dot molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin M Abolfath
- Institute for Microstructural Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada.
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10
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Korkusiński M, Hawrylak P, Ciorga M, Pioro-Ladrière M, Sachrajda AS. Pairing of spin excitations in lateral quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:206806. [PMID: 15600956 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.206806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the existence of correlated electronic states as paired spin excitations of lateral quantum dots in the integer quantum Hall regime. Starting from the spin-singlet filling-factor nu=2 droplet, by increasing the magnetic field we force the electrons to flip spins and increase the spin polarization. We identify the second spin-flip process as one accompanied by correlated, spin depolarized phases, interpreted as pairs of spin excitons. The correlated states are identified experimentally in few-electron lateral quantum dots using high source-drain voltage spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Korkusiński
- Institute for Microstructural Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A0R6, Canada
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11
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Groshaus JG, Umansky V, Shtrikman H, Levinson Y, Bar-Joseph I. Absorption spectrum around nu=1: evidence for a small-size Skyrmion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:096802. [PMID: 15447123 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.096802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We measure the absorption spectrum of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) in a GaAs quantum well in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. We focus on the absorption spectrum into the lowest Landau level around nu=1. We find that the spectrum consists of bound electron-hole complexes, trionlike and excitonlike. We show that their oscillator strength is a powerful probe of the 2DES spatial correlations. We find that near nu=1 the 2DES ground state consists of Skyrmions of small size (a few magnetic lengths).
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Groshaus
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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12
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Nickel HA, Yeo TM, Dzyubenko AB, McCombe BD, Petrou A, Sivachenko AY, Schaff W, Umansky V. Internal transitions of negatively charged magnetoexcitons and many body effects in a two-dimensional electron gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:056801. [PMID: 11863762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.056801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2000] [Revised: 08/21/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Internal transitions of quasi-two-dimensional, negatively charged magnetoexcitons ( X-) and their evolution with excess electron density have been studied in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells. In the dilute electron limit, due to magnetic translational invariance, the optically detected resonance spectra are dominated by bound-to-continuum bands in contrast to the negatively charged donor system D-, which exhibits strictly bound-to-bound transitions. With increasing excess electron density Landau-level filling factors nu<2 the X--like transitions are blueshifted; they are absent for nu>2. The blueshifted transitions are explained in terms of a new type of collective excitation---magnetoplasmons bound to a mobile valence band hole.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Nickel
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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13
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Yusa G, Shtrikman H, Bar-Joseph I. Charged excitons in the fractional quantum Hall regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:216402. [PMID: 11736356 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.216402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We study the photoluminescence spectrum of a low-density (nu<1) two-dimensional electron gas at high magnetic fields and low temperatures. We find that the spectrum in the fractional quantum Hall regime can be understood in terms of singlet and triplet charged excitons. We show that these spectral lines are sensitive probes for the electron compressibility. We identify the dark triplet charged exciton and show that it is visible at the spectrum at T<2 K. We find that its binding energy scales as 0.1e(2)/l, where l is the magnetic length, and it crosses the singlet slightly above 15 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yusa
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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14
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Dzyubenko AB, Sivachenko AY. Charged magnetoexcitons in two-dimensions: magnetic translations and families of dark states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:4429-4432. [PMID: 10990703 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.4429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We show that optical transitions of charged excitons in semiconductor heterostructures are governed in magnetic fields by a novel exact selection rule, a manifestation of magnetic translations. It is shown that the spin-triplet ground state of the quasi-two-dimensional charged exciton X--a bound state of two electrons and one hole-is optically inactive in photoluminescence at finite magnetic fields. Internal bound-to-bound X- triplet transition has a specific spectral position, below the electron cyclotron resonance, and is strictly prohibited in a translationally invariant system. These results allow one to discriminate between free and disorder-affected charged excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- AB Dzyubenko
- Institut fur Theoretische Physik, J. W. Goethe-Universitat, 60054 Frankfurt, Germany
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15
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Hawrylak P, Wojs A, Brum JA. Magnetoexcitons and correlated electrons in quantum dots in a magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:11397-11409. [PMID: 9984929 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.11397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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16
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Yudson VI. Charged "Few-Electron-Single Spatially Separated Hole" Complexes in a Double Quantum Well near a Metal Plate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:1564-1567. [PMID: 10063110 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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17
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Wojs A, Hawrylak P, Fafard S, Jacak L. Electronic structure and magneto-optics of self-assembled quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:5604-5608. [PMID: 9986523 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.5604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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18
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Palacios JJ, Yoshioka D, MacDonald AH. Long-lived charged multiple-exciton complexes in strong magnetic fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:R2296-R2299. [PMID: 9986161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.r2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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19
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Finkelstein G, Shtrikman H, Bar-Joseph I. Negatively and positively charged excitons in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:R1709-R1712. [PMID: 9983687 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.r1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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20
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Raymond S, Fafard S, Charbonneau S, Leon R, Leonard D, Petroff PM, Merz JL. Photocarrier recombination in AlyIn1-yAs/AlxGa1-xAs self-assembled quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:17238-17242. [PMID: 9981152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.17238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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