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Moram SS, Byram C, Shibu SN, Chilukamarri BM, Soma VR. Ag/Au Nanoparticle-Loaded Paper-Based Versatile Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates for Multiple Explosives Detection. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:8190-8201. [PMID: 31458956 PMCID: PMC6644453 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study on the fabrication, characterization of versatile, and low-cost filter paper-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates loaded with salt-induced aggregated Ag/Au nanoparticles (NPs). These were demonstrated as efficient SERS substrates for the detection of multiple explosive molecules such as picric acid (5 μM), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (1 μM), and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (10 μM) along with a common dye molecule (methylene blue, 5 nM). The concentrations of the dye and explosive molecules in terms of mass represent 31.98 pg, 11.45 ng, 1.82 ng, and 13.06 ng, respectively. Silver (Ag) and gold (Au) colloidal NPs were prepared by femtosecond laser (∼50 fs, 800 nm, 1 kHz) ablation of Ag/Au-target immersed in distilled water. Subsequently, the aggregated nanoparticles were achieved by mixing the pure Ag and Au NPs with different concentrations of NaCl. These aggregated NPs were characterized by UV-visible absorption and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques. The SERS substrates were prepared by soaking the filter paper in aggregated NPs. The morphologies of the paper substrates were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy technique. We have achieved superior enhancements with high reproducibility and sensitivity for filter paper substrates loaded with Ag/Au NPs mixed for an optimum concentration of 50 mM NaCl.
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Gentile A, Ruffino F, Grimaldi MG. Complex-Morphology Metal-Based Nanostructures: Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6060110. [PMID: 28335236 PMCID: PMC5302633 DOI: 10.3390/nano6060110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to their peculiar qualities, metal-based nanostructures have been extensively used in applications such as catalysis, electronics, photography, and information storage, among others. New applications for metals in areas such as photonics, sensing, imaging, and medicine are also being developed. Significantly, most of these applications require the use of metals in the form of nanostructures with specific controlled properties. The properties of nanoscale metals are determined by a set of physical parameters that include size, shape, composition, and structure. In recent years, many research fields have focused on the synthesis of nanoscale-sized metallic materials with complex shape and composition in order to optimize the optical and electrical response of devices containing metallic nanostructures. The present paper aims to overview the most recent results—in terms of fabrication methodologies, characterization of the physico-chemical properties and applications—of complex-morphology metal-based nanostructures. The paper strongly focuses on the correlation between the complex morphology and the structures’ properties, showing how the morphological complexity (and its nanoscale control) can often give access to a wide range of innovative properties exploitable for innovative functional device production. We begin with an overview of the basic concepts on the correlation between structural and optical parameters of nanoscale metallic materials with complex shape and composition, and the possible solutions offered by nanotechnology in a large range of applications (catalysis, electronics, photonics, sensing). The aim is to assess the state of the art, and then show the innovative contributions that can be proposed in this research field. We subsequently report on innovative, versatile and low-cost synthesis techniques, suitable for providing a good control on the size, surface density, composition and geometry of the metallic nanostructures. The main purpose of this study is the fabrication of functional nanoscale-sized materials, whose properties can be tailored (in a wide range) simply by controlling the structural characteristics. The modulation of the structural parameters is required to tune the plasmonic properties of the nanostructures for applications such as biosensors, opto-electronic or photovoltaic devices and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The structural characterization of the obtained nanoscale materials is employed in order to define how the synthesis parameters affect the structural characteristics of the resulting metallic nanostructures. Then, macroscopic measurements are used to probe their electrical and optical properties. Phenomenological growth models are drafted to explain the processes involved in the growth and evolution of such composite systems. After the synthesis and characterization of the metallic nanostructures, we study the effects of the incorporation of the complex morphologies on the optical and electrical responses of each specific device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gentile
- Department of Physics and Astronomy-University of Catania, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- MATIS IMM-CNR, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesco Ruffino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy-University of Catania, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- MATIS IMM-CNR, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Grimaldi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy-University of Catania, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- MATIS IMM-CNR, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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Ross DJ, Sigel R. Mie scattering by soft core-shell particles and its applications to ellipsometric light scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:056710. [PMID: 23004906 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.056710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Through the use of Mie theory generalized to multiple spheres, the derivatives of the scattering matrix elements and ellipsometric scattering variables are found as a function of shell thickness and nonconcentricity for core-shell particles. In particular, for the case of a core-shell sphere system where the centers are not concentric, the derivatives are taken with respect to the line segment describing the distance between spherical centers. The derivatives of the scattering matrix elements can be used to calculate the changes in ellipsometric light scattering, allowing for sensitivity and precision in quantitative models of fluctuations in core-shell systems. Computed results giving model contrast for a variety of sizes and fluctuation modes are used to design and guide novel light-scattering experiments currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Ross
- Adolph Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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Hao J, Han MJ, Xu Z, Li J, Meng X. Fabrication and evolution of multilayer silver nanofilms for surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensing of arsenate. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:263. [PMID: 21711772 PMCID: PMC3211326 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has recently been investigated extensively for chemical and biomolecular sensing. Multilayer silver (Ag) nanofilms deposited on glass slides by a simple electroless deposition process have been fabricated as active substrates (Ag/GL substrates) for arsenate SERS sensing. The nanostructures and layer characteristics of the multilayer Ag films could be tuned by varying the concentrations of reactants (AgNO3/BuNH2) and reaction time. A Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) double-layer was formed by directly reducing Ag+ ions on the glass surfaces, while a top layer (3rd-layer) of Ag dendrites was deposited on the double-layer by self-assembling AgNPs or AgNPs aggregates which had already formed in the suspension. The SERS spectra of arsenate showed that characteristic SERS bands of arsenate appear at approximately 780 and 420 cm-1, and the former possesses higher SERS intensity. By comparing the peak heights of the approximately 780 cm-1 band of the SERS spectra, the optimal Ag/GL substrate has been obtained for the most sensitive SERS sensing of arsenate. Using this optimal substrate, the limit of detection (LOD) of arsenate was determined to be approximately 5 μg·l-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumin Hao
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Mei-Juan Han
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Zhonghou Xu
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Jinwei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Meng
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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Mohapatra S, Siddhanta S, Kumar DR, Narayana C, Maji TK. Facile and Green Synthesis of SERS Active and Ferromagnetic Silver Nanorods. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Seyed-Razavi A, Snook IK, Barnard AS. Origin of nanomorphology: does a complete theory of nanoparticle evolution exist? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b915383g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Microstructures in Rough Metal Surfaces: Electromagnetic Mechanism in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. LIGHT SCATTERING FROM MICROSTRUCTURES 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-46614-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Li H, Baum CE, Sun J, Cullum BM. Multilayer enhanced gold film over nanostructure surface-enhanced Raman substrates. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 60:1377-85. [PMID: 17217586 DOI: 10.1366/000370206779321562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel class of gold multilayer, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates that are capable of enhancing SERS signals by 15.3-fold over conventional gold film over nanostructure (GFON) SERS substrates, making them comparable in sensitivity to optimized silver film over nanostructure (SFON) substrates, while providing the long-term stability obtained from gold. They are fabricated by depositing 10 A thick silver oxide islands on conventional GFON substrates, followed by deposition of a second continuous gold layer. The silver oxide layer acts as a dielectric spacer between the two continuous gold films and produces significantly enhanced SERS signals, as compared to optimized single layer substrates of the same geometry or comparable substrates prepared by deposition of silver islands that are not oxidized. In addition to the enhanced sensitivity of these multilayer substrates, they also exhibit long SERS active shelf-lives (i.e., months), with no measurable degradation in SERS enhancement, and relative standard deviations in SERS enhancement of less than 5.2% across the substrate's surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
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Sztainbuch IW. The effects of Au aggregate morphology on surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:124707. [PMID: 17014200 DOI: 10.1063/1.2338029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified empirically a relationship between the surface morphology of small individual aggregates (<100 Au nanoparticles) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement. We have found that multilayer aggregates generated greater SERS enhancement than aggregates limited to two-dimensional (2D) or one-dimensional structures, independent of the number of particles. SERS intensity was measured using the 730 cm(-1) vibrational mode of the adsorbed adenine molecule on 75 nm Au particles, at an excitation wavelength of 632.8 nm. To gain insight into these relationships and its mechanism, we developed a qualitative model that considers the collections of interacting Au nanoparticles of an individual aggregate as a continuous single entity that retains its salient features. We found the dimensions of the modeled surface features to be comparable with those found in rough metal surfaces, known to sustain surface plasmon resonance and generate strong SERS enhancement. Among the aggregates that we have characterized, a three 75 nm nanoparticle system was the smallest to generate strong SERS enhancement. However, we also identified single individual Au nanoparticles as SERS active at the same wavelength, but with a diameter twice in size. For example, we observed a symmetric SERS-active particle of 180 nm in diameter. Such individual nanoparticles generated SERS enhancement on the same order of magnitude as the small monolayer Au aggregates, an intensity value significantly stronger than predicted in recent theoretical studies. We also found that an aspect of our model that relates the dimensions of its features to SERS enhancement is also applicable to single individual Au particles. We conclude that the size of the nanoparticle itself, or the size of a protrusion of an irregularly shaped single Au particle, will contribute to SERS enhancement provided that its dimensions satisfy the conditions for plasmon resonance. In addition, by considering the ratio of the generated intensities of typical 2D Au aggregates to the enhancement of individual SERS-active particles, a value of approximately 2 is determined. Its moderate value suggests that it is not the aggregation effect that is responsible for much of the observed SERS enhancement but the surface region associated with the SERS-active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac W Sztainbuch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Li GA, Li X, Song JP, Li FR, Ma SH, Zhang YR, Fang XL. Preparation and Fluorescence Properties of Co-doped Nanocomposite Film Based on Supra Molecular Structure. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2006. [DOI: 10.1360/cjcp2006.19(2).183.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Baker GA, Moore DS. Progress in plasmonic engineering of surface-enhanced Raman-scattering substrates toward ultra-trace analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1751-70. [PMID: 16049671 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This review describes advances made toward the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in sensitive analysis and diagnostics. In the early sections of this review we briefly introduce the fundamentals of SERS including a discussion of SERS at the single-molecule level. Applications relevant to trace analysis, environmental monitoring, and homeland security and defense, for example high explosives and contaminant detection, are emphasized. Because the key to wider application of SERS analysis lies in the development of highly enhancing substrates, in the second half of the review we focus our attention on the extensive progress made in designing innovative soluble, supported, and ordered SERS-active nano-architectures to harness the potential of this technique toward solving current and emerging analytical tasks. No attempt or claim is made to review the field exhaustively in its entirety nor to cover all applications, but only to describe several significant milestones and progress made in these important areas and to provide some perspective on where the field is quickly moving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Baker
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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Badr Y, Mahmoud M. Size-dependent surface-enhanced Raman scattering of sodium benzoate on Silver nanoparticles. J Mol Struct 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yih JN, Hsu WC, Tsai SY, Chen SJ. Enhanced readout signal of superresolution near-field structure disks by control of the size and distribution of metal nanoclusters. APPLIED OPTICS 2005; 44:3001-5. [PMID: 15929290 DOI: 10.1364/ao.44.003001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a study in which we enhance the carrier-to-noise ratio of a superresolution near-field structure (super-RENS) disk to read below 100-nm marks by implementing a mask layer comprising a Au nanocluster-embedded dielectric film. Various Au nanocluster-embedded mask layers are fabricated by a radio-frequency cosputtering process, and the size and distribution of Au nanoclusters are controlled. To verify the enhancement of the various films for super-RENS disk applications, the sensitivity enhancement of plasmonic gas sensing is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenq-Nan Yih
- Institute of Optical Sciences, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan
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Li H, Cullum BM. Dual layer and multilayer enhancements from silver film over nanostructured surface-enhanced Raman substrates. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 59:410-7. [PMID: 15901325 DOI: 10.1366/0003702053641379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel dual layer and multilayer silver film over nanostructure (SFON) substrates have been developed that provide surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal enhancements of greater than 1000% compared to conventional single layer SFON substrates. These substrates provide signal enhancement factors of 3.8 x 10(5) and greater for a variety of SERS active analytes. Substrate preparation is accomplished by vapor depositing a thick (approximately 100 nm) layer of silver on top of an underlying layer of alumina nanoparticles, followed by deposition of additional layers of silver with silver oxide layers between them. Unlike previous dual layer silver island based substrates that have been developed, these substrates do not rely on achieving an optimal morphology via deposition of silver. Instead, these substrates rely on the roughness being provided by the original under-layer, providing enhanced substrate homogeneity and more reproducible signals than either silver island substrates or colloidal substrates. In addition, the signal enhancement gives these substrates extended lifetimes compared to conventional single layer SFON substrates. Finally, this study also shows that geometric surface structure and surface roughness factors play little or no role in this enhancement process, allowing for this multilayer fabrication process to be applied to many different types of substrates achieving similar or even greater results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland at Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
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Local and average electromagnetic enhancement in surface-enhanced Raman scattering from self-affine fractal metal substrates with nanoscale irregularities. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Kamat PV. Photophysical, Photochemical and Photocatalytic Aspects of Metal Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0209289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1670] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Muniz-Miranda M, Sbrana G. SERS-activation of smooth surfaces by doping with silver nanoparticles. J Mol Struct 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(00)00889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Muniz-Miranda M, Sbrana G. Quantitative Determination of the Surface Concentration of Phenazine Adsorbed on Silver Colloidal Particles and Relationship with the SERS Enhancement Factor. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990252q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Muniz-Miranda
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita‘ di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 9, Firenze, I-50121 Italy, and Centro CNR di Studio sui Composti Eterociclici, Via G. Capponi 9, Firenze, I-50121 Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sbrana
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita‘ di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 9, Firenze, I-50121 Italy, and Centro CNR di Studio sui Composti Eterociclici, Via G. Capponi 9, Firenze, I-50121 Italy
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Sánchez-Gil JA, Garcı́a-Ramos JV. Calculations of the direct electromagnetic enhancement in surface enhanced Raman scattering on random self-affine fractal metal surfaces. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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FT-surface-enhanced Raman scattering of 2,2′-cyanine adsorbed on silver with AFM characterization of silver films. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Fang Y, Wei Y, Bai C, Kan LS. Surface-Enhanced Fourier Transform Raman Scattering from a DNA Triple Helix Poly[dA]·2Poly[dT] at a Silver Electrode: Beyond the Short-Range Mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9623150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Fang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Chunli Bai
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Lou-sing Kan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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