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Zhao W, Huang W, Liu C, Hou C, Chen Z, Yin Y, Li X. Electric-Field-Controlled Nonvolatile Magnetization Rotation and Magnetoresistance Effect in Co/Cu/Ni Spin Valves on Piezoelectric Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21390-21397. [PMID: 29873228 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electric-field control of magnetism is a key issue for the future development of low-power spintronic devices. By utilizing the opposite strain responses of the magnetic anisotropies in Co and Ni films, a Co/Cu/Ni/0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) spin-valve/piezoelectric heterostructure with ∼7 nm Cu spacer layer was properly designed and fabricated. The purely electric-field-controlled nonvolatile and reversible magnetization rotations in the Co free layer were achieved, whereas the magnetization of the Ni fixed layer was almost unchanged. Accordingly, not only the electroresistance but also the electric-field-tuned magnetoresistance effects were obtained, and more importantly at least six nonvolatile magnetoresistance states in the strain-tuned spin valve were achieved by setting the PMN-PT into different nonvolatile piezo-strain states. These findings highlight potential strategies for designing electric-field-driven multistate spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Weichuan Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Chuanchuan Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Chuangming Hou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yuewei Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093 , China
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Abstract
We propose a three-dimensional micromagnetic model that dynamically solves the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation coupled to the full spin-diffusion equation. In contrast to previous methods, we solve for the magnetization dynamics and the electric potential in a self-consistent fashion. This treatment allows for an accurate description of magnetization dependent resistance changes. Moreover, the presented algorithm describes both spin accumulation due to smooth magnetization transitions and due to material interfaces as in multilayer structures. The model and its finite-element implementation are validated by current driven motion of a magnetic vortex structure. In a second experiment, the resistivity of a magnetic multilayer structure in dependence of the tilting angle of the magnetization in the different layers is investigated. Both examples show good agreement with reference simulations and experiments respectively.
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Kimura T, Otani Y, Levy PM. Electrical control of the direction of spin accumulation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:166601. [PMID: 17995275 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.166601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We are able to continuously change the direction of polarization of spin accumulation in a nonmagnetic metal by varying the currents injected by two ferromagnetic spin injectors. From measurements made at a distance from the injection area, we find a cosvarphi variation of the spin signal. This confirms that the angle of polarization of the nonlocal spin polarization with respect to the magnetization of the fixed spin detector is continuously varied as we change the injection currents. We give an explanation for the origin of this simple cosvarphi variation of the spin signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kimura
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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Barthélémy A, Fert A, Petroff F. Chapter 1 Giant magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers. HANDBOOK OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-2719(99)12005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Wang K, Zhang S, Levy PM. Angular dependence of giant magnetoresistance in a superlattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:11965-11968. [PMID: 9985043 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.11965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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