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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Albury JM, Allekotte I, Almela A, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Araújo Ferreira PR, Asorey H, Assis P, Avila G, Badescu AM, Bakalova A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Barreira Luz RJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Bister T, Biteau J, Blazek J, Bleve C, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonneau Arbeletche L, Borodai N, Botti AM, Brack J, Bretz T, Briechle FL, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga L, Cancio A, Canfora F, Caracas I, Carceller JM, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Chinellato JA, Choi K, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay RW, Cobos Cerutti AC, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Contreras F, Convenga F, Covault CE, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, Day JA, de Almeida RM, de Jesús J, de Jong SJ, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Oliveira Franco D, de Souza V, De Vito E, Debatin J, Del Río M, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Di Matteo A, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Epicoco I, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filipčič A, Fodran T, Freire MM, Fujii T, Fuster A, Galea C, Galelli C, García B, Garcia Vegas AL, Gemmeke H, Gesualdi F, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Gollan F, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, Gongora JP, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guido E, Hahn S, Halliday R, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harvey VM, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hulsman J, Insolia A, Isar PG, Johnsen JA, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Kemp J, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Köpke M, Kukec Mezek G, Lago BL, LaHurd D, Lang RG, Langner N, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lenok V, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, Lorek R, Luce Q, Lucero A, Lundquist JP, Machado Payeras A, Mancarella G, Mandat D, Manning BC, Manshanden J, Mantsch P, Marafico S, Mariazzi AG, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Mastrodicasa M, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Merenda KD, Michal S, Micheletti MI, Miramonti L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Müller AL, Muller MA, Mulrey K, Mussa R, Muzio M, Namasaka WM, Nellen L, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez LA, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Pech M, Pedreira F, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Perez Armand J, Perlin M, Perrone L, Petrera S, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Pont B, Pothast M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Roncoroni MJ, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Ruehl P, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Savina P, Schäfer CM, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schlüter F, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schröder S, Schulte J, Sciutto SJ, Scornavacche M, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Šmída R, Sommers P, Soriano JF, Souchard J, Squartini R, Stadelmaier M, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Streich A, Suárez-Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Šupík J, Szadkowski Z, Taboada A, Tapia A, Timmermans C, Tkachenko O, Tobiska P, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Torralba Elipe G, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trimarelli C, Trini M, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Vaclavek L, Vacula M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, Varela E, Varma K C V, Vásquez-Ramírez A, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe ID, Verzi V, Vicha J, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Watson AA, Weber M, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wirtz M, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yushkov A, Zapparrata O, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zehrer L, Zepeda A. Measurement of the Fluctuations in the Number of Muons in Extensive Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:152002. [PMID: 33929235 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.152002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuations are in good agreement with predictions from air shower simulations. This observation provides new insights into the origin of the previously reported deficit of muons in air shower simulations and constrains models of hadronic interactions at ultrahigh energies. Our measurement is compatible with the muon deficit originating from small deviations in the predictions from hadronic interaction models of particle production that accumulate as the showers develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aab
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - J M Albury
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Alves Batista
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G A Anastasi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - H Asorey
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Bakalova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Balaceanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Barbato
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - R J Barreira Luz
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - K H Becker
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Berat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Bister
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A M Botti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - T Bretz
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F L Briechle
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Buscemi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - L Caccianiga
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A Cancio
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Canfora
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Caracas
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J M Carceller
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - R Caruso
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Catalani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Cataldi
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Cerda
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Choi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Chytka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A C Cobos Cerutti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - M R Coluccia
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Condorelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Consolati
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Convenga
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J A Day
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J de Jesús
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G De Mauro
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - V de Souza
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E De Vito
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - J Debatin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Del Río
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - O Deligny
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - H Dembinski
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Dhital
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I Epicoco
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - M Erdmann
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - C O Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J Farmer
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - F Feldbusch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Fenu
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Fodran
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Freire
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Galea
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Galelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - A L Garcia Vegas
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Gesualdi
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - U Giaccari
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Giller
- Faculty of Astrophysics, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - J Glombitza
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Gobbi
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Gollan
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J P Gongora
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Goos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Góra
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Gottowik
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - E Guido
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Hahn
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Halliday
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - V M Harvey
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hrabovský
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - T Huege
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Hulsman
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Insolia
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - J A Johnsen
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - J Jurysek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kääpä
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Kemp
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Köpke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Kukec Mezek
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - B L Lago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - D LaHurd
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - R G Lang
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Langner
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - V Lenok
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - D Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - R Lorek
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Q Luce
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Lucero
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J P Lundquist
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Machado Payeras
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Mancarella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B C Manning
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Manshanden
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Mantsch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Marafico
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Marsella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Martello
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - H Martinez
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - M Mastrodicasa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - G Matthiae
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - E Mayotte
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P O Mazur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K-D Merenda
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - S Michal
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Miramonti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A L Müller
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M A Muller
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Mulrey
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Mussa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Muzio
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - W M Namasaka
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Nucita
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - P Papenbreer
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Pedreira
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Pȩkala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México
| | | | - J Perez Armand
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Perlin
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Perrone
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - S Petrera
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Pont
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pothast
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Puyleart
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - S Querchfeld
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Rautenberg
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Reininghaus
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Riehn
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - P Ristori
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - V Rizi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | | | - J Rodriguez Rojo
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M J Roncoroni
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Ruehl
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - S J Saffi
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Salamida
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E M Santos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Sarmiento-Cano
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Savina
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - C M Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimassek
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimp
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Schlüter
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Schulte
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Scornavacche
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Silli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Sima
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Šmída
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J F Soriano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - J Souchard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Stadelmaier
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Stassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Streich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Suárez-Durán
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - T Sudholz
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Šupík
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Z Szadkowski
- Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Taboada
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Tapia
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Tkachenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Tobiska
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Torralba Elipe
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Travaini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Trimarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - M Trini
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Tueros
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Vaclavek
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Vacula
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J F Valdés Galicia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - I Valiño
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Università di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - V Varma K C
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Ventura
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Vink
- Faculty of Science, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vorobiov
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - M Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Winchen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Wirtz
- III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Wittkowski
- Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Yushkov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Zapparrata
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Zas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - L Zehrer
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Zepeda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, Distrito Federal, México
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Albury JM, Allekotte I, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Araújo Ferreira PR, Asorey H, Assis P, Avila G, Badescu AM, Bakalova A, Balaceanu A, Barbato F, Barreira Luz RJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Bister T, Biteau J, Blanco A, Blazek J, Bleve C, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonneau Arbeletche L, Borodai N, Botti AM, Brack J, Bretz T, Briechle FL, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga L, Calcagni L, Cancio A, Canfora F, Caracas I, Carceller JM, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalani F, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cerda M, Chinellato JA, Choi K, Chudoba J, Chytka L, Clay RW, Cobos Cerutti AC, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Condorelli A, Consolati G, Contreras F, Convenga F, Covault CE, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, Day JA, de Almeida RM, de Jesús J, de Jong SJ, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Oliveira Franco D, de Souza V, De Vito E, Debatin J, Del Río M, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Di Matteo A, Díaz Castro ML, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dorosti Q, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Epicoco I, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Farmer J, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Feldbusch F, Fenu F, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filipčič A, Fodran T, Freire MM, Fujii T, Fuster A, Galea C, Galelli C, García B, Garcia Vegas AL, Gemmeke H, Gesualdi F, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Glombitza J, Gobbi F, Gollan F, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, Gongora JP, González N, Goos I, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gottowik M, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guido E, Hahn S, Halliday R, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harvey VM, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hulsman J, Insolia A, Isar PG, Johnsen JA, Jurysek J, Kääpä A, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Kemp J, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Köpke M, Kukec Mezek G, Lago BL, LaHurd D, Lang RG, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lenok V, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Lo Presti D, Lopes L, López R, Lorek R, Luce Q, Lucero A, Machado Payeras A, Malacari M, Mancarella G, Mandat D, Manning BC, Manshanden J, Mantsch P, Marafico S, Mariazzi AG, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Mastrodicasa M, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menshikov A, Merenda KD, Michal S, Micheletti MI, Miramonti L, Mockler D, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Müller AL, Muller MA, Mulrey K, Mussa R, Muzio M, Namasaka WM, Nellen L, Nguyen PH, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Nucita A, Núñez LA, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Panetta MP, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Pech M, Pedreira F, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Perez Armand J, Perlin M, Perrone L, Peters C, Petrera S, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Pont B, Pothast M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Puyleart A, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravignani D, Reininghaus M, Ridky J, Riehn F, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Fernandez G, Rodriguez Rojo J, Roncoroni MJ, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Ruehl P, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Savina P, Schäfer C, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schimassek M, Schimp M, Schlüter F, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schröder S, Schulz A, Sciutto SJ, Scornavacche M, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Silli G, Sima O, Šmída R, Sommers P, Soriano JF, Souchard J, Squartini R, Stadelmaier M, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stasielak J, Stassi P, Streich A, Suárez-Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Šupík J, Szadkowski Z, Taboada A, Tapia A, Timmermans C, Tkachenko O, Tobiska P, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Torralba Elipe G, Travaini A, Travnicek P, Trimarelli C, Trini M, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Vaclavek L, Vacula M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Vásquez-Ramírez A, Veberič D, Ventura C, Vergara Quispe ID, Verzi V, Vicha J, Villaseñor L, Vink J, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Watson AA, Weber M, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wirtz M, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Yushkov A, Zapparrata O, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zehrer L, Zepeda A, Ziolkowski M, Zuccarello F. Features of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays above 2.5×10^{18} eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:121106. [PMID: 33016715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5×10^{18} eV based on 215 030 events. New results are presented: at about 1.3×10^{19} eV, the spectral index changes from 2.51±0.03(stat)±0.05(syst) to 3.05±0.05(stat)±0.10(syst), evolving to 5.1±0.3(stat)±0.1(syst) beyond 5×10^{19} eV, while no significant dependence of spectral features on the declination is seen in the accessible range. These features of the spectrum can be reproduced in models with energy-dependent mass composition. The energy density in cosmic rays above 5×10^{18} eV is [5.66±0.03(stat)±1.40(syst)]×10^{53} erg Mpc^{-3}.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aab
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - J M Albury
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Alves Batista
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G A Anastasi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - H Asorey
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Bakalova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Balaceanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Barbato
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - R J Barreira Luz
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - K H Becker
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - C Berat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Bister
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - A Blanco
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A M Botti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - T Bretz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F L Briechle
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Buscemi
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - L Caccianiga
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - L Calcagni
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Cancio
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Canfora
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Caracas
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J M Carceller
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - R Caruso
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Catalani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - G Cataldi
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Cerda
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - K Choi
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Chytka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A C Cobos Cerutti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA
| | - M R Coluccia
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Condorelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Consolati
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Convenga
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- also at Radboud Universtiy Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - J A Day
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
| | - J de Jesús
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G De Mauro
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - V de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - E De Vito
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - J Debatin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Del Río
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - O Deligny
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - H Dembinski
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Dhital
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - C Di Giulio
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | | | - M L Díaz Castro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Q Dorosti
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I Epicoco
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - M Erdmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - J Farmer
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - F Feldbusch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Fenu
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Fodran
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Freire
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
- now at Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Galea
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Galelli
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - A L Garcia Vegas
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Gesualdi
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - U Giaccari
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Giller
- University of Łódź, Faculty of Astrophysics, Łódź, Poland
| | - J Glombitza
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Gobbi
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - F Gollan
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - J P Gongora
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Goos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Góra
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Gottowik
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - E Guido
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
| | - S Hahn
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Halliday
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - V M Harvey
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hrabovský
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - T Huege
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Hulsman
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Insolia
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | | | - J Jurysek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kääpä
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Kemp
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - M Köpke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Kukec Mezek
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - B L Lago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - D LaHurd
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - R G Lang
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - V Lenok
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - D Lo Presti
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - R Lorek
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Q Luce
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Lucero
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - M Malacari
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G Mancarella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B C Manning
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - J Manshanden
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Mantsch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - S Marafico
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Marsella
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - D Martello
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - H Martinez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - M Mastrodicasa
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - G Matthiae
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - E Mayotte
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P O Mazur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - S Michal
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Miramonti
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - D Mockler
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - A L Müller
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M A Muller
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, Brazil
| | - K Mulrey
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Mussa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Muzio
- New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - W M Namasaka
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - P H Nguyen
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Nucita
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - M P Panetta
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - P Papenbreer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Pedreira
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Pȩkala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, D.F., México
| | | | - J Perez Armand
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Perlin
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Perrone
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - C Peters
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Petrera
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Pont
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pothast
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Puyleart
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - S Querchfeld
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Reininghaus
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Riehn
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - P Ristori
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - V Rizi
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | | | - G Rodriguez Fernandez
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | | | - M J Roncoroni
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Ruehl
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - S J Saffi
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Salamida
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E M Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Sarmiento-Cano
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Savina
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy
| | - C Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimassek
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Schimp
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Schlüter
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Schulz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Scornavacche
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Silli
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Sima
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
- also at Radboud Universtiy Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Šmída
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - J F Soriano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - J Souchard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Stadelmaier
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Stassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, France
| | - A Streich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Suárez-Durán
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - T Sudholz
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Šupík
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Z Szadkowski
- University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland
| | - A Taboada
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Tapia
- Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Tkachenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Tobiska
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Torralba Elipe
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Travaini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Trimarelli
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - M Trini
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Tueros
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Urban
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - L Vaclavek
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Vacula
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - I Valiño
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy
| | - A van Vliet
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | | | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Ventura
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Villaseñor
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - J Vink
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vorobiov
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - M Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Winchen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Wirtz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Wittkowski
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Yushkov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Zapparrata
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Zas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - L Zehrer
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Zepeda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, D.F., México
| | - M Ziolkowski
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - F Zuccarello
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
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