1
|
Ma S, Sun L, Chen Y. Black Hole Spectroscopy by Mode Cleaning. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:141401. [PMID: 37084422 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.141401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We formulate a Bayesian framework to analyze ringdown gravitational waves from colliding binary black holes and test the no-hair theorem. The idea hinges on mode cleaning-revealing subdominant oscillation modes by removing dominant ones using newly proposed "rational filters." By incorporating the filter into Bayesian inference, we construct a likelihood function that depends only on the mass and spin of the remnant black hole (no dependence on mode amplitudes and phases) and implement an efficient pipeline to constrain the remnant mass and spin without Markov chain Monte Carlo. We test ringdown models by cleaning combinations of different modes and evaluating the consistency between the residual data and pure noise. The model evidence and Bayes factor are used to demonstrate the presence of a particular mode and to infer the mode starting time. In addition, we design a hybrid approach to estimate the remnant black hole properties exclusively from a single mode using Markov chain Monte Carlo after mode cleaning. We apply the framework to GW150914 and demonstrate more definitive evidence of the first overtone by cleaning the fundamental mode. This new framework provides a powerful tool for black hole spectroscopy in future gravitational-wave events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sizheng Ma
- TAPIR 350-17, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Ling Sun
- OzGrav-ANU, Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics, College of Science, The Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yanbei Chen
- TAPIR 350-17, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mitman K, Lagos M, Stein LC, Ma S, Hui L, Chen Y, Deppe N, Hébert F, Kidder LE, Moxon J, Scheel MA, Teukolsky SA, Throwe W, Vu NL. Nonlinearities in Black Hole Ringdowns. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:081402. [PMID: 36898092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.081402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The gravitational wave strain emitted by a perturbed black hole (BH) ringing down is typically modeled analytically using first-order BH perturbation theory. In this Letter, we show that second-order effects are necessary for modeling ringdowns from BH merger simulations. Focusing on the strain's (ℓ,m)=(4,4) angular harmonic, we show the presence of a quadratic effect across a range of binary BH mass ratios that agrees with theoretical expectations. We find that the quadratic (4,4) mode's amplitude exhibits quadratic scaling with the fundamental (2,2) mode-its parent mode. The nonlinear mode's amplitude is comparable to or even larger than that of the linear (4,4) mode. Therefore, correctly modeling the ringdown of higher harmonics-improving mode mismatches by up to 2 orders of magnitude-requires the inclusion of nonlinear effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keefe Mitman
- Theoretical Astrophysics 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Macarena Lagos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Leo C Stein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Sizheng Ma
- Theoretical Astrophysics 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Lam Hui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yanbei Chen
- Theoretical Astrophysics 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Nils Deppe
- Theoretical Astrophysics 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - François Hébert
- Theoretical Astrophysics 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Lawrence E Kidder
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Jordan Moxon
- Theoretical Astrophysics 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Mark A Scheel
- Theoretical Astrophysics 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Saul A Teukolsky
- Theoretical Astrophysics 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - William Throwe
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Nils L Vu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Forteza XJ, Bhagwat S, Kumar S, Pani P. Novel Ringdown Amplitude-Phase Consistency Test. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:021001. [PMID: 36706405 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ringdown signal emitted during a binary black hole coalescence can be modeled as a linear superposition of the characteristic damped modes of the remnant black hole that get excited during the merger phase. While checking the consistency of the measured frequencies and damping times against the Kerr BH spectrum predicted by general relativity (GR) is a cornerstone of strong-field tests of gravity, the consistency of measured excitation amplitudes and phases have been largely left unexplored. For a nonprecessing, quasicircular binary black hole merger, we find that GR predicts a narrow region in the space of mode amplitude ratio and phase difference, independently of the spin of the binary components. Using this unexpected result, we develop a new null test of strong-field gravity which demands that the measured amplitudes and phases of different ringdown modes should lie within this narrow region predicted by GR. We call this the amplitude-phase consistency test and introduce a procedure for performing it using information from the ringdown signal. Lastly, we apply this test to the GW190521 event, using the multimodal ringdown parameters inferred by Capano et al. [arXiv:2105.05238]. While ringdown measurements errors for this event are large, we show that GW190521 is consistent with the amplitude-phase consistency test. Our test is particularly well suited for accommodating multiple loud ringdown detections as those expected in the near future, and can be used complementarily to standard black-hole spectroscopy as a proxy for modified gravity, compact objects other than black holes, binary precession and eccentricity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xisco Jiménez Forteza
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Swetha Bhagwat
- Dipartimento di Fisica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma e Sezione INFN Roma1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Paolo Pani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma e Sezione INFN Roma1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wagle P, Yunes N, Silva HO. Quasinormal modes of slowly-rotating black holes in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.124003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
5
|
Jaramillo JL, Macedo RP, Sheikh LA. Gravitational Wave Signatures of Black Hole Quasinormal Mode Instability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:211102. [PMID: 35687433 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.211102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black hole (BH) spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful approach to extracting spacetime information from gravitational wave (GW) observed signals. Yet, quasinormal mode (QNM) spectral instability under small scale perturbations has been recently shown to be a common classical general relativistic phenomenon [J. L. Jaramillo et al., Phys. Rev. X 11, 031003 (2021)PRXHAE2160-330810.1103/PhysRevX.11.031003]. This requires assessing its impact on the BH QNM spectrum, in particular on BH QNM overtone frequencies. We conclude (i) perturbed BH QNM overtones are indeed potentially observable in the GW waveform, providing information on small-scale environment BH physics, and (ii) their detection poses a challenging data analysis problem of singular interest for LISA astrophysics. We adopt a twofold approach, combining theoretical results from scattering theory with a fine-tuned data analysis on a highly accurate numerical GW ringdown signal. The former introduces a set of effective parameters (partially relying on a BH Weyl law) to characterize QNM instability physics. The latter provides a proof of principle demonstrating that the QNM spectral instability is indeed accessible in the time-domain GW waveform, though certainly requiring large signal-to-noise ratios. Particular attention is devoted to discussing the patterns of isospectrality loss under QNM instability, since the disentanglement between axial and polar GW parities may already occur within the near-future detection range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Jaramillo
- Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne (IMB), UMR 5584, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Rodrigo Panosso Macedo
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- CENTRA, Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1 1049 Lisboa, Portugal
- STAG Research Centre, University of Southampton, University Road, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lamis Al Sheikh
- Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne (IMB), UMR 5584, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (i2m), UMR 7373, CNRS, Université de Aix-Marseille 13453 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Isi M, Farr WM, Giesler M, Scheel MA, Teukolsky SA. Testing the Black-Hole Area Law with GW150914. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:011103. [PMID: 34270293 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.011103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present observational confirmation of Hawking's black-hole area theorem based on data from GW150914, finding agreement with the prediction with 97% (95%) probability when we model the ringdown including (excluding) overtones of the quadrupolar mode. We obtain this result from a new time-domain analysis of the pre- and postmerger data. We also confirm that the inspiral and ringdown portions of the signal are consistent with the same remnant mass and spin, in agreement with general relativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Isi
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Will M Farr
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Ave, New York, New York 10010, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Matthew Giesler
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Mark A Scheel
- TAPIR, Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Saul A Teukolsky
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- TAPIR, Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Carullo G, Laghi D, Veitch J, Del Pozzo W. Bekenstein-Hod Universal Bound on Information Emission Rate Is Obeyed by LIGO-Virgo Binary Black Hole Remnants. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:161102. [PMID: 33961447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.161102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Causality and the generalized laws of black hole thermodynamics imply a bound, known as the Bekenstein-Hod universal bound, on the information emission rate of a perturbed system. Using a time-domain ringdown analysis, we investigate whether remnant black holes produced by the coalescences observed by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo obey this bound. We find that the bound is verified by the astrophysical black hole population with 94% probability, providing a first confirmation of the Bekenstein-Hod bound from black hole systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Carullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi," Università di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
- INFN sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | - Danny Laghi
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi," Università di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
- INFN sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| | - John Veitch
- Institute for Gravitational Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Walter Del Pozzo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi," Università di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
- INFN sezione di Pisa, Pisa I-56127, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Scope Out Multiband Gravitational-Wave Observations of GW190521-Like Binary Black Holes with Space Gravitational Wave Antenna B-DECIGO. UNIVERSE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/universe7030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The gravitational wave event, GW190521, is the most massive binary black hole merger observed by ground-based gravitational wave observatories LIGO/Virgo to date. While the observed gravitational wave signal is mainly in the merger and ringdown phases, the inspiral gravitational wave signal of the GW190521-like binary will be more visible to space-based detectors in the low-frequency band. In addition, the ringdown gravitational wave signal will be louder in the next generation (3G) of ground-based detectors in the high-frequency band, displaying the great potential of multiband gravitational wave observations. In this paper, we explore the scientific potential of multiband observations of GW190521-like binaries with a milli-Hz gravitational wave observatory: LISA; a deci-Hz observatory: B-DECIGO; and (next generation of) hecto-Hz observatories: aLIGO and ET. In the case of quasicircular evolution, the triple-band observations of LISA, B-DECIGO, and ET will provide parameter estimation errors of the masses and spin amplitudes of component black holes at the level of order of 1–10%. This would allow consistency tests of general relativity in the strong field at an unparalleled precision, particularly with the “B-DECIGO + ET” observation. In the case of eccentric evolution, the multiband signal-to-noise ratio found in “B-DECIGO + ET” observation would be larger than 100 for a five-year observation prior to coalescence, even with high final eccentricities.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mourier P, Jiménez Forteza X, Pook-Kolb D, Krishnan B, Schnetter E. Quasinormal modes and their overtones at the common horizon in a binary black hole merger. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.103.044054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
10
|
Bustillo JC, Lasky PD, Thrane E. Black-hole spectroscopy, the no-hair theorem, and GW150914: Kerr versus Occam. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.103.024041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
11
|
Properties and Astrophysical Implications of the 150 M ⊙ Binary Black Hole Merger GW190521. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aba493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|