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Berlin A, Trickle T. Absorption of Axion Dark Matter in a Magnetized Medium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:181801. [PMID: 38759193 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.181801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Detection of axion dark matter heavier than an meV is hindered by its small wavelength, which limits the useful volume of traditional experiments. This problem can be avoided by directly detecting in-medium excitations, whose ∼meV-eV energies are decoupled from the detector size. We show that for any target inside a magnetic field, the absorption rate of electromagnetically coupled axions into in-medium excitations is determined by the dielectric function. As a result, the plethora of candidate targets previously identified for sub-GeV dark matter searches can be repurposed as broadband axion detectors. We find that a kg yr exposure with noise levels comparable to recent measurements is sufficient to probe parameter space currently unexplored by laboratory tests. Noise reduction by only a few orders of magnitude can enable sensitivity to the QCD axion in the ∼10 meV-10 eV mass range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Berlin
- Theoretical Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Tanner Trickle
- Theoretical Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Nitta T, Braine T, Du N, Guzzetti M, Hanretty C, Leum G, Rosenberg LJ, Rybka G, Sinnis J, Clarke J, Siddiqi I, Awida MH, Chou AS, Hollister M, Knirck S, Sonnenschein A, Wester W, Gleason JR, Hipp AT, Sikivie P, Sullivan NS, Tanner DB, Khatiwada R, Carosi G, Robertson N, Duffy LD, Boutan C, Lentz E, Oblath NS, Taubman MS, Yang J, Daw EJ, Perry MG, Bartram C, Buckley JH, Gaikwad C, Hoffman J, Murch KW, Goryachev M, Hartman E, McAllister BT, Quiskamp A, Thomson C, Tobar ME, Dror JA, Murayama H, Rodd NL. Search for a Dark-Matter-Induced Cosmic Axion Background with ADMX. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:101002. [PMID: 37739367 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the first result of a direct search for a cosmic axion background (CaB)-a relativistic background of axions that is not dark matter-performed with the axion haloscope, the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX). Conventional haloscope analyses search for a signal with a narrow bandwidth, as predicted for dark matter, whereas the CaB will be broad. We introduce a novel analysis strategy, which searches for a CaB induced daily modulation in the power measured by the haloscope. Using this, we repurpose data collected to search for dark matter to set a limit on the axion photon coupling of a CaB originating from dark matter cascade decay via a mediator in the 800-995 MHz frequency range. We find that the present sensitivity is limited by fluctuations in the cavity readout as the instrument scans across dark matter masses. Nevertheless, we suggest that these challenges can be surmounted using superconducting qubits as single photon counters, and allow ADMX to operate as a telescope searching for axions emerging from the decay of dark matter. The daily modulation analysis technique we introduce can be deployed for various broadband rf signals, such as other forms of a CaB or even high-frequency gravitational waves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J A Dror
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
| | - H Murayama
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan
| | - N L Rodd
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, 1 Esplanade des Particules, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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An H, Ge S, Guo WQ, Huang X, Liu J, Lu Z. Direct Detection of Dark Photon Dark Matter Using Radio Telescopes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:181001. [PMID: 37204893 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.181001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dark photons can be the ultralight dark matter candidate, interacting with Standard Model particles via kinetic mixing. We propose to search for ultralight dark photon dark matter (DPDM) through the local absorption at different radio telescopes. The local DPDM can induce harmonic oscillations of electrons inside the antenna of radio telescopes. It leads to a monochromatic radio signal and can be recorded by telescope receivers. Using the observation data from the FAST telescope, the upper limit on the kinetic mixing can already reach 10^{-12} for DPDM oscillation frequencies at 1-1.5 GHz, which is stronger than the cosmic microwave background constraint by about one order of magnitude. Furthermore, large-scale interferometric arrays like LOFAR and SKA1 telescopes can achieve extraordinary sensitivities for direct DPDM search from 10 MHz to 10 GHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng An
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuailiang Ge
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Qing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210033, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210033, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiyao Lu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Tobar ME, McAllister BT, Goryachev M. Poynting vector controversy in axion modified electrodynamics. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.045009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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An H, Huang FP, Liu J, Xue W. Radio-frequency Dark Photon Dark Matter across the Sun. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:181102. [PMID: 34018777 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.181102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Dark photon as an ultralight dark matter candidate can interact with the standard model particles via kinetic mixing. We propose to search for the ultralight dark photon dark matter using radio telescopes with solar observations. The dark photon dark matter can efficiently convert into photons in the outermost region of the solar atmosphere, the solar corona, where the plasma mass of photons is close to the dark photon rest mass. Because of the strong resonant conversion and benefiting from the short distance between the Sun and the Earth, the radio telescopes can lead the dark photon search sensitivity in the mass range of 4×10^{-8}-4×10^{-6} eV, corresponding to the frequency 10-1000 MHz. As a promising example, the low-frequency array telescope can reach the kinetic mixing ε∼10^{-13} (10^{-14}) within 1 (100) h of solar observations. The future experiment square kilometer array phase 1 can reach ε∼10^{-16}-10^{-14} with 1 h of solar observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng An
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fa Peng Huang
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
- TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics and School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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