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Arnquist I, Avalos N, Baxter D, Bertou X, Castelló-Mor N, Chavarria AE, Cuevas-Zepeda J, Dastgheibi-Fard A, De Dominicis C, Deligny O, Duarte-Campderros J, Estrada E, Gadola N, Gaïor R, Hossbach T, Iddir L, Kavanagh BJ, Kilminster B, Lantero-Barreda A, Lawson I, Lee S, Letessier-Selvon A, Loaiza P, Lopez-Virto A, McGuire KJ, Mitra P, Munagavalasa S, Norcini D, Paul S, Piers A, Privitera P, Robmann P, Scorza S, Settimo M, Smida R, Traina M, Vilar R, Warot G, Yajur R, Zopounidis JP. Search for Daily Modulation of MeV Dark Matter Signals with DAMIC-M. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:101006. [PMID: 38518351 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Dark matter (DM) particles with sufficiently large cross sections may scatter as they travel through Earth's bulk. The corresponding changes in the DM flux give rise to a characteristic daily modulation signal in detectors sensitive to DM-electron interactions. Here, we report results obtained from the first underground operation of the DAMIC-M prototype detector searching for such a signal from DM with MeV-scale mass. A model-independent analysis finds no modulation in the rate of 1 e^{-} events with sidereal period, where a DM signal would appear. We then use these data to place exclusion limits on DM in the mass range [0.53,2.7] MeV/c^{2} interacting with electrons via a dark photon mediator. Taking advantage of the time-dependent signal we improve by ∼2 orders of magnitude on our previous limit obtained from the total rate of 1 e^{-} events, using the same dataset. This daily modulation search represents the current strongest limit on DM-electron scattering via ultralight mediators for DM masses around 1 MeV/c^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, USA
| | - N Avalos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - D Baxter
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - N Castelló-Mor
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - A E Chavarria
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J Cuevas-Zepeda
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - C De Dominicis
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - O Deligny
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - J Duarte-Campderros
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - E Estrada
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - N Gadola
- Universität Zürich Physik Institut, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Gaïor
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - T Hossbach
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, USA
| | - L Iddir
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B J Kavanagh
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - B Kilminster
- Universität Zürich Physik Institut, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Lantero-Barreda
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - S Lee
- Universität Zürich Physik Institut, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P Loaiza
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A Lopez-Virto
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - K J McGuire
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - P Mitra
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - S Munagavalasa
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - D Norcini
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Paul
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Piers
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - P Privitera
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P Robmann
- Universität Zürich Physik Institut, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Scorza
- LPSC LSM, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - M Settimo
- SUBATECH, Nantes Université, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - R Smida
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Traina
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - R Vilar
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - G Warot
- LPSC LSM, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - R Yajur
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J-P Zopounidis
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
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Arnquist I, Avalos N, Baxter D, Bertou X, Castelló-Mor N, Chavarria AE, Cuevas-Zepeda J, Gutiérrez JC, Duarte-Campderros J, Dastgheibi-Fard A, Deligny O, De Dominicis C, Estrada E, Gadola N, Gaïor R, Hossbach T, Iddir L, Khalil L, Kilminster B, Lantero-Barreda A, Lawson I, Lee S, Letessier-Selvon A, Loaiza P, Lopez-Virto A, Matalon A, Munagavalasa S, McGuire KJ, Mitra P, Norcini D, Papadopoulos G, Paul S, Piers A, Privitera P, Ramanathan K, Robmann P, Settimo M, Smida R, Thomas R, Traina M, Vila I, Vilar R, Warot G, Yajur R, Zopounidis JP. First Constraints from DAMIC-M on Sub-GeV Dark-Matter Particles Interacting with Electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:171003. [PMID: 37172255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.171003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report constraints on sub-GeV dark matter particles interacting with electrons from the first underground operation of DAMIC-M detectors. The search is performed with an integrated exposure of 85.23 g days, and exploits the subelectron charge resolution and low level of dark current of DAMIC-M charge-coupled devices (CCDs). Dark-matter-induced ionization signals above the detector dark current are searched for in CCD pixels with charge up to 7e^{-}. With this dataset we place limits on dark matter particles of mass between 0.53 and 1000 MeV/c^{2}, excluding unexplored regions of parameter space in the mass ranges [1.6,1000] MeV/c^{2} and [1.5,15.1] MeV/c^{2} for ultralight and heavy mediator interactions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, USA
| | - N Avalos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina
| | - D Baxter
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina
| | - N Castelló-Mor
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39005, Spain
| | - A E Chavarria
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Cuevas-Zepeda
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | - J Duarte-Campderros
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39005, Spain
| | - A Dastgheibi-Fard
- LPSC LSM, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble 38026, France
| | - O Deligny
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - C De Dominicis
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris 75005, France
- SUBATECH, Nantes Université, IMT Atlantique, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes 44300, France
| | - E Estrada
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina
| | - N Gadola
- Universität Zürich Physik Institut, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - R Gaïor
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris 75005, France
| | - T Hossbach
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, USA
| | - L Iddir
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris 75005, France
| | - L Khalil
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris 75005, France
| | - B Kilminster
- Universität Zürich Physik Institut, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - A Lantero-Barreda
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39005, Spain
| | - I Lawson
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P341N2, Canada
| | - S Lee
- Universität Zürich Physik Institut, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris 75005, France
| | - P Loaiza
- CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - A Lopez-Virto
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39005, Spain
| | - A Matalon
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris 75005, France
| | - S Munagavalasa
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - K J McGuire
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - P Mitra
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Norcini
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - G Papadopoulos
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris 75005, France
| | - S Paul
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A Piers
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - P Privitera
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris 75005, France
| | - K Ramanathan
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - P Robmann
- Universität Zürich Physik Institut, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - M Settimo
- SUBATECH, Nantes Université, IMT Atlantique, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes 44300, France
| | - R Smida
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - R Thomas
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Traina
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris 75005, France
| | - I Vila
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39005, Spain
| | - R Vilar
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39005, Spain
| | - G Warot
- LPSC LSM, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble 38026, France
| | - R Yajur
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J-P Zopounidis
- Laboratoire de physique nucléaire et des hautes énergies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris 75005, France
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5
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Agnes P, Albuquerque IFM, Alexander T, Alton AK, Ave M, Back HO, Batignani G, Biery K, Bocci V, Bonivento WM, Bottino B, Bussino S, Cadeddu M, Cadoni M, Calaprice F, Caminata A, Campos MD, Canci N, Caravati M, Cargioli N, Cariello M, Carlini M, Cataudella V, Cavalcante P, Cavuoti S, Chashin S, Chepurnov A, Cicalò C, Covone G, D'Angelo D, Davini S, De Candia A, De Cecco S, De Filippis G, De Rosa G, Derbin AV, Devoto A, D'Incecco M, Dionisi C, Dordei F, Downing M, D'Urso D, Fiorillo G, Franco D, Gabriele F, Galbiati C, Ghiano C, Giganti C, Giovanetti GK, Goretti AM, Grilli di Cortona G, Grobov A, Gromov M, Guan M, Gulino M, Hackett BR, Herner K, Hessel T, Hosseini B, Hubaut F, Hungerford EV, Ianni A, Ippolito V, Keeter K, Kendziora CL, Kimura M, Kochanek I, Korablev D, Korga G, Kubankin A, Kuss M, La Commara M, Lai M, Li X, Lissia M, Longo G, Lychagina O, Machulin IN, Mapelli LP, Mari SM, Maricic J, Messina A, Milincic R, Monroe J, Morrocchi M, Mougeot X, Muratova VN, Musico P, Nozdrina AO, Oleinik A, Ortica F, Pagani L, Pallavicini M, Pandola L, Pantic E, Paoloni E, Pelczar K, Pelliccia N, Piacentini S, Pocar A, Poehlmann DM, Pordes S, Poudel SS, Pralavorio P, Price DD, Ragusa F, Razeti M, Razeto A, Renshaw AL, Rescigno M, Rode J, Romani A, Sablone D, Samoylov O, Sands W, Sanfilippo S, Sandford E, Savarese C, Schlitzer B, Semenov DA, Shchagin A, Sheshukov A, Skorokhvatov MD, Smirnov O, Sotnikov A, Stracka S, Suvorov Y, Tartaglia R, Testera G, Tonazzo A, Unzhakov EV, Vishneva A, Vogelaar RB, Wada M, Wang H, Wang Y, Westerdale S, Wojcik MM, Xiao X, Yang C, Zuzel G. Search for Dark Matter Particle Interactions with Electron Final States with DarkSide-50. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:101002. [PMID: 36962032 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for dark matter particles with sub-GeV/c^{2} masses whose interactions have final state electrons using the DarkSide-50 experiment's (12 306±184) kg d low-radioactivity liquid argon exposure. By analyzing the ionization signals, we exclude new parameter space for the dark matter-electron cross section σ[over ¯]_{e}, the axioelectric coupling constant g_{Ae}, and the dark photon kinetic mixing parameter κ. We also set the first dark matter direct-detection constraints on the mixing angle |U_{e4}|^{2} for keV/c^{2} sterile neutrinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Agnes
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - I F M Albuquerque
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - T Alexander
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A K Alton
- Physics Department, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA
| | - M Ave
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - H O Back
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - K Biery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Bocci
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy
| | | | - B Bottino
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova 16146, Italy
- INFN Genova, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - S Bussino
- INFN Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy
- Mathematics and Physics Department, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy
| | - M Cadeddu
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - M Cadoni
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - F Calaprice
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | - M D Campos
- Physics, Kings College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - N Canci
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | | | | | | | - M Carlini
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - V Cataudella
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi "Federico II" di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - P Cavalcante
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - S Cavuoti
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi "Federico II" di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - S Chashin
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - A Chepurnov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - C Cicalò
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - G Covone
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi "Federico II" di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - D D'Angelo
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
- INFN Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - S Davini
- INFN Genova, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - A De Candia
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi "Federico II" di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - S De Cecco
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy
- Physics Department, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - G De Filippis
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi "Federico II" di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - G De Rosa
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi "Federico II" di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - A V Derbin
- Saint Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188350, Russia
| | - A Devoto
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - M D'Incecco
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | - C Dionisi
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy
- Physics Department, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - F Dordei
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - M Downing
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - D D'Urso
- Chemistry and Pharmacy Department, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - G Fiorillo
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi "Federico II" di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - D Franco
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris F-75013, France
| | | | - C Galbiati
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - C Ghiano
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | - C Giganti
- LPNHE, CNRS/IN2P3, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75252, France
| | - G K Giovanetti
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A M Goretti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | | | - A Grobov
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow 123182, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - M Gromov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - M Guan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Gulino
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania 95123, Italy
- Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Università di Enna Kore, Enna 94100, Italy
| | - B R Hackett
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K Herner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Hessel
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris F-75013, France
| | | | - F Hubaut
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - E V Hungerford
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - An Ianni
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | | | - K Keeter
- School of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799, USA
| | - C L Kendziora
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Kimura
- AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, 00-614 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Kochanek
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | - D Korablev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - G Korga
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - A Kubankin
- Radiation Physics Laboratory, Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod 308007, Russia
| | - M Kuss
- INFN Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - M La Commara
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi "Federico II" di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - M Lai
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - X Li
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M Lissia
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - G Longo
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi "Federico II" di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - O Lychagina
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - I N Machulin
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow 123182, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - L P Mapelli
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S M Mari
- INFN Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy
- Mathematics and Physics Department, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy
| | - J Maricic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Messina
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy
- Physics Department, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - R Milincic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Monroe
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - M Morrocchi
- INFN Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - X Mougeot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - V N Muratova
- Saint Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188350, Russia
| | - P Musico
- INFN Genova, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - A O Nozdrina
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow 123182, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - A Oleinik
- Radiation Physics Laboratory, Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod 308007, Russia
| | - F Ortica
- Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology Department, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
- INFN Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - L Pagani
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - M Pallavicini
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova 16146, Italy
- INFN Genova, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - L Pandola
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - E Pantic
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - K Pelczar
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - N Pelliccia
- Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology Department, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
- INFN Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | | | - A Pocar
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - D M Poehlmann
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - S Pordes
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S S Poudel
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - P Pralavorio
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - D D Price
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - F Ragusa
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
- INFN Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - M Razeti
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - A Razeto
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | - A L Renshaw
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | | | - J Rode
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris F-75013, France
- LPNHE, CNRS/IN2P3, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75252, France
| | - A Romani
- Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology Department, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
- INFN Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - D Sablone
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | - O Samoylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - W Sands
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - S Sanfilippo
- INFN Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy
- Mathematics and Physics Department, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy
| | - E Sandford
- The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - C Savarese
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - B Schlitzer
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - D A Semenov
- Saint Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188350, Russia
| | - A Shchagin
- Radiation Physics Laboratory, Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod 308007, Russia
| | - A Sheshukov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - M D Skorokhvatov
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow 123182, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - O Smirnov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - A Sotnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | | | - Y Suvorov
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi "Federico II" di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - R Tartaglia
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | | | - A Tonazzo
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris F-75013, France
| | - E V Unzhakov
- Saint Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188350, Russia
| | - A Vishneva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | | | - M Wada
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
- AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, 00-614 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Wang
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Westerdale
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M M Wojcik
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - X Xiao
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - G Zuzel
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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