Carlip S. Quantum Gravity in 2 + 1 Dimensions: The Case of a Closed Universe.
LIVING REVIEWS IN RELATIVITY 2005;
8:1. [PMID:
28163645 PMCID:
PMC5253928 DOI:
10.12942/lrr-2005-1]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In three spacetime dimensions, general relativity drastically simplifies, becoming a "topological" theory with no propagating local degrees of freedom. Nevertheless, many of the difficult conceptual problems of quantizing gravity are still present. In this review, I summarize the rather large body of work that has gone towards quantizing (2 + 1)-dimensional vacuum gravity in the setting of a spatially closed universe.
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