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Garnier J, Baudin K, Fusaro A, Picozzi A. Incoherent localized structures and hidden coherent solitons from the gravitational instability of the Schrödinger-Poisson equation. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:054205. [PMID: 34942767 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.054205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The long-term behavior of a modulationally unstable conservative nonintegrable system is known to be characterized by the soliton turbulence self-organization process. We consider this problem in the presence of a long-range interaction in the framework of the Schrödinger-Poisson (or Newton-Schrödinger) equation accounting for the gravitational interaction. By increasing the amount of nonlinearity, the system self-organizes into a large-scale incoherent localized structure that contains "hidden" coherent soliton states: The solitons can hardly be identified in the usual spatial or spectral domains, but their existence can be unveiled in the phase-space representation (spectrogram). We develop a theoretical approach that provides the coupled description of the coherent soliton component [governed by the Schrödinger-Poisson equation (SPE)] and of the incoherent structure [governed by a wave turbulence Vlasov-Poisson equation (WT-VPE)]. We demonstrate theoretically and numerically that the incoherent structure introduces an effective trapping potential that stabilizes the hidden coherent soliton and we show that the incoherent structure belongs to a family of stationary solutions of the WT-VPE. The analysis reveals that the incoherent structure evolves in the strongly nonlinear regime and that it is characterized by a compactly supported spectral shape. By relating the analytical properties of the hidden soliton to those of the stationary incoherent structure, we clarify the quantum-to-classical (i.e., SPE-to-VPE) correspondence in the limit ℏ/m→0: The hidden soliton appears as the latest residual quantum correction preceding the classical limit described by the VPE. This study is of potential interest for self-gravitating Boson models of fuzzy dark matter. Although we focus our paper on the Schrödinger-Poisson equation, we show that the regime of hidden solitons stabilized by an incoherent structure is general for long-range wave systems featured by an algebraic decay of the interacting potential. This work should stimulate nonlinear optics experiments in highly nonlocal nonlinear (thermal) media that mimic the long-range nature of gravitational interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Garnier
- CMAP, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Kilian Baudin
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Adrien Fusaro
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - Antonio Picozzi
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Kouvaris C, Papantonopoulos E, Street L, Wijewardhana L. Using atomic clocks to detect local dark matter halos. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Phases of the Bose–Einstein Condensate Dark Matter Model with Both Two- and Three-Particle Interactions. UNIVERSE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/universe7100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we further elaborate on the Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) dark matter model extended in our previous work [Phys. Rev. D 2020, 102, 083510] by the inclusion of sixth-order (or three-particle) repulsive self-interaction term. Herein, our goal is to complete the picture through adding to the model the fourth-order repulsive self-interaction. The results of our analysis confirm the following: while in the previous work the two-phase structure and the possibility of first-order phase transition was established, here we demonstrate that with the two self-interactions involved, the nontrivial phase structure of the enriched model remains intact. For this to hold, we study the conditions which the parameters of the model, including the interaction parameters, should satisfy. As a by-product and in order to provide some illustration, we obtain the rotation curves and the (bipartite) entanglement entropy for the case of a particular dwarf galaxy.
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Abstract
Bayesian statistics and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms have found their place in the field of Cosmology. They have become important mathematical and numerical tools, especially in parameter estimation and model comparison. In this paper, we review some fundamental concepts to understand Bayesian statistics and then introduce MCMC algorithms and samplers that allow us to perform the parameter inference procedure. We also introduce a general description of the standard cosmological model, known as the ΛCDM model, along with several alternatives, and current datasets coming from astrophysical and cosmological observations. Finally, with the tools acquired, we use an MCMC algorithm implemented in python to test several cosmological models and find out the combination of parameters that best describes the Universe.
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Abstract
The accelerated expansion of the Universe is one of the main discoveries of the past decades, indicating the presence of an unknown component: the dark energy. Evidence of its presence is being gathered by a succession of observational experiments with increasing precision in its measurements. However, the most accepted model for explaining the dynamic of our Universe, the so-called Lambda cold dark matter, faces several problems related to the nature of such energy component. This has led to a growing exploration of alternative models attempting to solve those drawbacks. In this review, we briefly summarize the characteristics of a (non-exhaustive) list of dark energy models as well as some of the most used cosmological samples. Next, we discuss how to constrain each model’s parameters using observational data. Finally, we summarize the status of dark energy modeling.
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Abstract
We study geodesic motion near the throats of asymptotically flat, static, spherically symmetric traversable wormholes supported by a self-gravitating minimally coupled phantom scalar field with an arbitrary self-interaction potential. We assume that any such wormhole possesses the reflection symmetry with respect to the throat, and consider only its observable “right half”. It turns out that the main features of bound orbits and photon trajectories close to the throats of such wormholes are very different from those near the horizons of black holes. We distinguish between wormholes of two types, the first and second ones, depending on whether the redshift metric function has a minimum or maximum at the throat. First, it turns out that orbits located near the centre of a wormhole of any type exhibit retrograde precession, that is, the angle of pericentre precession is negative. Second, in the case of high accretion activity, wormholes of the first type have the innermost stable circular orbit at the throat while those of the second type have the resting-state stable circular orbit in which test particles are at rest at all times. In our study, we have in mind the possibility that the strongly gravitating objects in the centres of galaxies are wormholes, which can be regarded as an alternative to black holes, and the scalar field can be regarded as a realistic model of dark matter surrounding galactic centres. In this connection, we discuss qualitatively some observational aspects of results obtained in this article.
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Gavrilik A, Khelashvili M, Nazarenko A. Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter model with three-particle interaction and two-phase structure. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.083510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chavanis PH. Predictive model of BEC dark matter halos with a solitonic core and an isothermal atmosphere. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.083022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mocz P, Lancaster L, Fialkov A, Becerra F, Chavanis PH. Schrödinger-Poisson–Vlasov-Poisson correspondence. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.083519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Robles VH, Bullock JS, Elbert OD, Fitts A, González-Samaniego A, Boylan-Kolchin M, Hopkins PF, Faucher-Giguère CA, Kereš D, Hayward CC. SIDM on FIRE: hydrodynamical self-interacting dark matter simulations of low-mass dwarf galaxies. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 2017; 472:2945-2954. [PMID: 30595610 PMCID: PMC6310025 DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We compare a suite of four simulated dwarf galaxies formed in 1010 M☉ haloes of collisionless cold dark matter (CDM) with galaxies simulated in the same haloes with an identical galaxy formation model but a non-zero cross-section for DM self-interactions. These cosmological zoom-in simulations are part of the Feedback In Realistic Environments (fire) project and utilize the fire-2 model for hydrodynamics and galaxy formation physics. We find the stellar masses of the galaxies formed in self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) with σ/m = 1 cm2 g-1 are very similar to those in CDM (spanning M ★ ≈ 105.7-7.0 M☉) and all runs lie on a similar stellar mass-size relation. The logarithmic DM density slope (α = d log ρ/d log r) in the central 250-500 pc remains steeper than α = -0.8 for the CDM-Hydro simulations with stellar mass M ★ ~ 106.6 M☉ and core-like in the most massive galaxy. In contrast, every SIDM hydrodynamic simulation yields a flatter profile, with α > -0.4. Moreover, the central density profiles predicted in SIDM runs without baryons are similar to the SIDM runs that include fire-2 baryonic physics. Thus, SIDM appears to be much more robust to the inclusion of (potentially uncertain) baryonic physics than CDM on this mass scale, suggesting that SIDM will be easier to falsify than CDM using low-mass galaxies. Our fire simulations predict that galaxies less massive than M ★ ≲ 3 × 106 M☉ provide potentially ideal targets for discriminating models, with SIDM producing substantial cores in such tiny galaxies and CDM producing cusps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Robles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - James S Bullock
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Oliver D Elbert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alex Fitts
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA
| | | | - Michael Boylan-Kolchin
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA
| | - Philip F Hopkins
- TAPIR, Mailcode 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Claude-André Faucher-Giguère
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and CIERA, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Dušan Kereš
- Department of Physics, Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher C Hayward
- TAPIR, Mailcode 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Mocz P, Vogelsberger M, Robles VH, Zavala J, Boylan-Kolchin M, Fialkov A, Hernquist L. Galaxy formation with BECDM - I. Turbulence and relaxation of idealized haloes. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 2017; 471:4559-4570. [PMID: 28983129 PMCID: PMC5624554 DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical analysis of some unexplored aspects of relaxed Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter (BECDM) haloes. This type of ultralight bosonic scalar field dark matter is a viable alternative to the standard cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm, as it makes the same large-scale predictions as CDM and potentially overcomes CDM's small-scale problems via a galaxy-scale de Broglie wavelength. We simulate BECDM halo formation through mergers, evolved under the Schrödinger-Poisson equations. The formed haloes consist of a soliton core supported against gravitational collapse by the quantum pressure tensor and an asymptotic r-3 NFW-like profile. We find a fundamental relation of the core-to-halo mass with the dimensionless invariant Ξ ≡ |E|/M3/(Gm/ħ)2 or Mc/M ≃ 2.6Ξ1/3, linking the soliton to global halo properties. For r ≥ 3.5 rc core radii, we find equipartition between potential, classical kinetic and quantum gradient energies. The haloes also exhibit a conspicuous turbulent behaviour driven by the continuous reconnection of vortex lines due to wave interference. We analyse the turbulence 1D velocity power spectrum and find a k-1.1 power law. This suggests that the vorticity in BECDM haloes is homogeneous, similar to thermally-driven counterflow BEC systems from condensed matter physics, in contrast to a k-5/3 Kolmogorov power law seen in mechanically-driven quantum systems. The mode where the power spectrum peaks is approximately the soliton width, implying that the soliton-sized granules carry most of the turbulent energy in BECDM haloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Mocz
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mark Vogelsberger
- Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Victor H Robles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jesús Zavala
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 5, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Michael Boylan-Kolchin
- Department of Astronomy, the University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA
| | - Anastasia Fialkov
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lars Hernquist
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Halverson J, Long C, Nath P. Ultralight axion in supersymmetry and strings and cosmology at small scales. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.056025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kling F, Rajaraman A. Towards an analytic construction of the wavefunction of boson stars. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.044039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Iršič V, Viel M, Haehnelt MG, Bolton JS, Becker GD. First Constraints on Fuzzy Dark Matter from Lyman-α Forest Data and Hydrodynamical Simulations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:031302. [PMID: 28777592 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.031302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present constraints on the masses of extremely light bosons dubbed fuzzy dark matter (FDM) from Lyman-α forest data. Extremely light bosons with a de Broglie wavelength of ∼1 kpc have been suggested as dark matter candidates that may resolve some of the current small scale problems of the cold dark matter model. For the first time, we use hydrodynamical simulations to model the Lyman-α flux power spectrum in these models and compare it to the observed flux power spectrum from two different data sets: the XQ-100 and HIRES/MIKE quasar spectra samples. After marginalization over nuisance and physical parameters and with conservative assumptions for the thermal history of the intergalactic medium (IGM) that allow for jumps in the temperature of up to 5000 K, XQ-100 provides a lower limit of 7.1×10^{-22} eV, HIRES/MIKE returns a stronger limit of 14.3×10^{-22} eV, while the combination of both data sets results in a limit of 20×10^{-22} eV (2σ C.L.). The limits for the analysis of the combined data sets increases to 37.5×10^{-22} eV (2σ C.L.) when a smoother thermal history is assumed where the temperature of the IGM evolves as a power law in redshift. Light boson masses in the range 1-10×10^{-22} eV are ruled out at high significance by our analysis, casting strong doubts that FDM helps solve the "small scale crisis" of the cold dark matter models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Iršič
- University of Washington, Department of Astronomy, 3910 15th Avenue Northeast, Seattle, Washington 98195-1580, USA
- Institute for Advanced Study, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Viel
- SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy
- INFN-National Institute for Nuclear Physics, via Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Martin G Haehnelt
- Institute of Astronomy and Kavli Institute of Cosmology, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
| | - James S Bolton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - George D Becker
- Institute of Astronomy and Kavli Institute of Cosmology, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
- Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Suárez A, Chavanis PH. Cosmological evolution of a complex scalar field with repulsive or attractive self-interaction. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.95.063515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chavanis PH. Collapse of a self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensate with attractive self-interaction. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.94.083007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Harko T, Lobo FS. Gravitational, lensing, and stability properties of Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter halos. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.92.043011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mukherjee A, Shah S, Bose S. Observational constraints on spinning, relativistic Bose-Einstein condensate stars. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.91.084051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chavanis PH, Lemou M, Méhats F. Models of dark matter halos based on statistical mechanics: The classical King model. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.91.063531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Suárez A, Robles VH, Matos T. A Review on the Scalar Field/Bose-Einstein Condensate Dark Matter Model. ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-02063-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Barranco J, Bernal A, Degollado JC, Diez-Tejedor A, Megevand M, Alcubierre M, Núñez D, Sarbach O. Are black holes a serious threat to scalar field dark matter models? Int J Clin Exp Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.84.083008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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