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Andronic A, Arleo F, Arnaldi R, Beraudo A, Bruna E, Caffarri D, del Valle ZC, Contreras JG, Dahms T, Dainese A, Djordjevic M, Ferreiro EG, Fujii H, Gossiaux PB, de Cassagnac RG, Hadjidakis C, He M, van Hees H, Horowitz WA, Kolevatov R, Kopeliovich BZ, Lansberg JP, Lombardo MP, Lourenço C, Martinez-Garcia G, Massacrier L, Mironov C, Mischke A, Nahrgang M, Nguyen M, Nystrand J, Peigné S, Porteboeuf-Houssais S, Potashnikova IK, Rakotozafindrabe A, Rapp R, Robbe P, Rosati M, Rosnet P, Satz H, Schicker R, Schienbein I, Schmidt I, Scomparin E, Sharma R, Stachel J, Stocco D, Strickland M, Tieulent R, Trzeciak BA, Uphoff J, Vitev I, Vogt R, Watanabe K, Woehri H, Zhuang P. Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton-proton to heavy-ion collisions. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2016; 76:107. [PMID: 27471429 PMCID: PMC4946869 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This report reviews the study of open heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in high-energy hadronic collisions, as tools to investigate fundamental aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics, from the proton and nucleus structure at high energy to deconfinement and the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma. Emphasis is given to the lessons learnt from LHC Run 1 results, which are reviewed in a global picture with the results from SPS and RHIC at lower energies, as well as to the questions to be addressed in the future. The report covers heavy flavour and quarkonium production in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. This includes discussion of the effects of hot and cold strongly interacting matter, quarkonium photoproduction in nucleus-nucleus collisions and perspectives on the study of heavy flavour and quarkonium with upgrades of existing experiments and new experiments. The report results from the activity of the SaporeGravis network of the I3 Hadron Physics programme of the European Union 7[Formula: see text] Framework Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Andronic
- />Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute (EMMI), GSI Helmholzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F. Arleo
- />Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris–Saclay, Palaiseau, France
- />Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique (LAPTh), Université de Savoie, CNRS, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | | | - E. Bruna
- />Sezione di Torino, INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - D. Caffarri
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Z. Conesa del Valle
- />IPNO, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris–Saclay, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - J. G. Contreras
- />Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T. Dahms
- />Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - M. Djordjevic
- />Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - E. G. Ferreiro
- />Departamento de Física de Partículas, IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - H. Fujii
- />Institute of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P.-B. Gossiaux
- />SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - R. Granier de Cassagnac
- />Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris–Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - C. Hadjidakis
- />IPNO, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris–Saclay, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M. He
- />Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - H. van Hees
- />FIAS, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - W. A. Horowitz
- />Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R. Kolevatov
- />SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
- />Department of High Energy Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 1, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - B. Z. Kopeliovich
- />Departamento de Física, Centro Científico-Tecnológico de Valparaíso, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - J.-P. Lansberg
- />IPNO, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris–Saclay, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M. P. Lombardo
- />INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C. Lourenço
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. Martinez-Garcia
- />SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - L. Massacrier
- />IPNO, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris–Saclay, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
- />SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
- />LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris–Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - C. Mironov
- />Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris–Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - A. Mischke
- /> Faculty of Science, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Nahrgang
- />Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - M. Nguyen
- />Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris–Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - J. Nystrand
- />Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S. Peigné
- />SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - S. Porteboeuf-Houssais
- />Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - I. K. Potashnikova
- />Departamento de Física, Centro Científico-Tecnológico de Valparaíso, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso, Chile
| | | | - R. Rapp
- />Department of Physics and Astronomy, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - P. Robbe
- />LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris–Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - P. Rosnet
- />Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - H. Satz
- />Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - R. Schicker
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I. Schienbein
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - I. Schmidt
- />Departamento de Física, Centro Científico-Tecnológico de Valparaíso, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso, Chile
| | | | - R. Sharma
- />Department of Theoretical Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - J. Stachel
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Stocco
- />SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - M. Strickland
- />Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, USA
| | - R. Tieulent
- />IPN-Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France
| | - B. A. Trzeciak
- />Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Uphoff
- />Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - I. Vitev
- />Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, USA
| | - R. Vogt
- />Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA
- />Physics Department, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - K. Watanabe
- />Institute of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- />Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE), Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - H. Woehri
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P. Zhuang
- />Physics Department, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Uphoff J, Senzel F, Fochler O, Wesp C, Xu Z, Greiner C. Elliptic flow and nuclear modification factor in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions within a partonic transport model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:112301. [PMID: 25839262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.112301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The quark gluon plasma produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions exhibits remarkable features. It behaves like a nearly perfect liquid with a small shear viscosity to entropy density ratio and leads to the quenching of highly energetic particles. We show that both effects can be understood for the first time within one common framework. Employing the parton cascade Boltzmann approach to multiparton scatterings, the microscopic interactions and the space-time evolution of the quark gluon plasma are calculated by solving the relativistic Boltzmann equation. Based on cross sections obtained from perturbative QCD with explicitly taking the running coupling into account, we calculate the nuclear modification factor and elliptic flow in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. With only one single parameter associated with coherence effects of medium-induced gluon radiation, the experimental data of both observables can be understood on a microscopic level. Furthermore, we show that perturbative QCD interactions with a running coupling lead to a sufficiently small shear viscosity to entropy density ratio of the quark gluon plasma, which provides a microscopic explanation for the observations stated by hydrodynamic calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Uphoff
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Senzel
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Fochler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Wesp
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Carsten Greiner
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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