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Balantekin A, Band H, Bass C, Bergeron D, Berish D, Bowden N, Brodsky J, Bryan C, Classen T, Conant A, Deichert G, Diwan M, Dolinski M, Erickson A, Foust B, Gaison J, Galindo-Uribarri A, Gilbert C, Hackett B, Hans S, Hansell A, Heeger K, Heffron B, Jaffe D, Ji X, Jones D, Kyzylova O, Lane C, Langford T, LaRosa J, Littlejohn B, Lu X, Maricic J, Mendenhall M, Milincic R, Mitchell I, Mueller P, Mumm H, Napolitano J, Neilson R, Nikkel J, Norcini D, Nour S, Palomino-Gallo J, Pushin D, Qian X, Romero-Romero E, Rosero R, Surukuchi P, Tyra M, Varner R, White C, Wilhelmi J, Woolverton A, Yeh M, Zhang A, Zhang C, Zhang X. Nonfuel Antineutrino Contributions in the High Flux Isotope Reactor. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C 2020; 101:10.1103/PhysRevC.101.054605. [PMID: 33336123 PMCID: PMC7739894 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.101.054605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reactor neutrino experiments have seen major improvements in precision in recent years. With the experimental uncertainties becoming lower than those from theory, carefully considering all sources ofν ¯ e is important when making theoretical predictions. One source ofν ¯ e that is often neglected arises from the irradiation of the nonfuel materials in reactors. Theν ¯ e rates and energies from these sources vary widely based on the reactor type, configuration, and sampling stage during the reactor cycle and have to be carefully considered for each experiment independently. In this article, we present a formalism for selecting the possibleν ¯ e sources arising from the neutron captures on reactor and target materials. We apply this formalism to the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, theν ¯ e source for the the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Measurement (PROSPECT) experiment. Overall, we observe that the nonfuelν ¯ e contributions from HFIR to PROSPECT amount to 1% above the inverse beta decay threshold with a maximum contribution of 9% in the 1.8-2.0 MeV range. Nonfuel contributions can be particularly high for research reactors like HFIR because of the choice of structural and reflector material in addition to the intentional irradiation of target material for isotope production. We show that typical commercial pressurized water reactors fueled with low-enriched uranium will have significantly smaller nonfuelν ¯ e contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.B. Balantekin
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - H.R. Band
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - C.D. Bass
- Department of Physics, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY 13214, USA
| | - D.E. Bergeron
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - D. Berish
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - N.S. Bowden
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - J.P. Brodsky
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - C.D. Bryan
- High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - T. Classen
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - A.J. Conant
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - G. Deichert
- High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - M.V. Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - M.J. Dolinski
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A. Erickson
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - B.T. Foust
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - J.K. Gaison
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - A. Galindo-Uribarri
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - C.E. Gilbert
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - B.T. Hackett
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - S. Hans
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - A.B. Hansell
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - K.M. Heeger
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - B. Heffron
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - D.E. Jaffe
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - X. Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - D.C. Jones
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - O. Kyzylova
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - C.E. Lane
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - T.J. Langford
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - J. LaRosa
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - B.R. Littlejohn
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - X. Lu
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J. Maricic
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HA 96822, USA
| | - M.P. Mendenhall
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - R. Milincic
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HA 96822, USA
| | - I. Mitchell
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HA 96822, USA
| | - P.E. Mueller
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - H.P. Mumm
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - J. Napolitano
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - R. Neilson
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J.A. Nikkel
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - D. Norcini
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - S. Nour
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - J.L. Palomino-Gallo
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - D.A. Pushin
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - X. Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - E. Romero-Romero
- High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - R. Rosero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - P.T. Surukuchi
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - M.A. Tyra
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - R.L. Varner
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - C. White
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - J. Wilhelmi
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - A. Woolverton
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - M. Yeh
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - A. Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - C. Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - X. Zhang
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
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