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Chattopadhyay J, Mandal J, Maiti PK. Stability of the chiral crystal phase and breakdown of the cholesteric phase in mixtures of active-passive chiral rods. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2464-2473. [PMID: 38381111 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01567j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we aim to explore the effect of chirality on the phase behavior of active helical particles driven by two-temperature scalar activity. We first calculate the equation of state of soft helical particles of various intrinsic chiralities using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In equilibrium, the emergence of various liquid crystal (LC) phases such as nematic (N), cholesteric , smectic (Sm) and crystal (K) crucially depends on the presence of walls that induce planar alignment. Next, we introduce activity through the two-temperature model: keep increasing the temperature of half of the helical particles (labeled as 'hot' particles) while maintaining the temperature of the other half at a lower value (labeled as 'cold' particles). Starting from a homogeneous isotropic (I) phase, we find the emergence of 2-TIPS: two temperature-induced phase separations between the hot and cold particles. We also observe that the cold particles undergo an ordering transition to various LC phases even in the absence of a wall. This observation reveals that the hot-cold interface in the active system plays the role of a wall in the equilibrium system by inducing an alignment direction for the cold particles. However, in the case of a cholesteric phase, we observe that activity destabilizes the phase by inducing smectic ordering in the cold zone while an isotropic structure in the hot zone. The smectic ordering in the cold zone eventually transforms to a chiral crystal phase with high enough activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Chattopadhyay
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Jaydeep Mandal
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Prabal K Maiti
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Etale A, Onyianta AJ, Turner SR, Eichhorn SJ. Cellulose: A Review of Water Interactions, Applications in Composites, and Water Treatment. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2016-2048. [PMID: 36622272 PMCID: PMC9999429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is known to interact well with water, but is insoluble in it. Many polysaccharides such as cellulose are known to have significant hydrogen bond networks joining the molecular chains, and yet they are recalcitrant to aqueous solvents. This review charts the interaction of cellulose with water but with emphasis on the formation of both natural and synthetic fiber composites. Covering studies concerning the interaction of water with wood, the biosynthesis of cellulose in the cell wall, to its dispersion in aqueous suspensions and ultimately in water filtration and fiber-based composite materials this review explores water-cellulose interactions and how they can be exploited for synthetic and natural composites. The suggestion that cellulose is amphiphilic is critically reviewed, with relevance to its processing. Building on this, progress made in using various charged and modified forms of nanocellulose to stabilize oil-water emulsions is addressed. The role of water in the aqueous formation of chiral nematic liquid crystals, and subsequently when dried into composite films is covered. The review will also address the use of cellulose as an aid to water filtration as one area where interactions can be used effectively to prosper human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Etale
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, BristolBS8 1TR, United Kingdom
| | - Amaka J Onyianta
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, BristolBS8 1TR, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Turner
- School of Biological Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PT, U.K
| | - Stephen J Eichhorn
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, BristolBS8 1TR, United Kingdom
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Guo M, Li Q, Xiao R, Liu D, Cai Y, Peng J, Xue Y, Song T. Macroscopic Spiral Patterns of Cholesteric Cellulose Nanocrystals Induced by Chiral Doping and Vortex Flowing. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:640-651. [PMID: 36689602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Negatively surface-charged sulfate cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are always slowly self-assembled into left-handed cholesteric mesophases. In this work, macroscopic spiral patterns induced by counterclockwise vortex flowing or chiral doping were investigated. Results show that iridescent patterns of the arithmetic spiral, rose spiral, or latitude ripples were generated under the vortex rotation, indicating a severe microphase separation of CNCs. Moreover, the spiral pattern and rotational symmetry were highly correlated to the twisting and flowability of CNCs as well as chiral dopants. Alternatively, the cholesteric pitch and maximum reflective wavelength (λmax) of CNCs were strongly increased by sinistral dopants other than the dextral ones, indicating an enhanced torsion of left-handed CNC mesophases by the dextral dopants. In addition, macroscopic spiral patterns distinctly existed in dextrally doped CNCs owing to a synergistic chiral enhancement. Therefore, the mechanochiral or chemical chiral transition from microscopic twisting to macroscopic spiral provides a potential inspiration for chiral self-organization of biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu210044, China
| | - Qin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu210044, China
| | - Ruimin Xiao
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., ManchesterM13 9PL, UK
| | - Dagang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu210044, China
| | - Yongqing Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu210044, China
| | - Jinnan Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu210044, China
| | - Yongjun Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu210044, China
| | - Tianyou Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu210044, China
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Sanchez-Martinez P, Diaz-Herrera E, Salgado-Blanco D, Hernandez SI, Mendoza CI. Isobars and pitch of cholesteric phases for a chiral Gay-Berne fluid by molecular dynamic simulations. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2154715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Diaz-Herrera
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
| | - Daniel Salgado-Blanco
- Cátedras CONACyT – Centro Nacional de Supercómputo, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - S. I. Hernandez
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación-Juriquilla, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carlos I. Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Varadharajan D, Nayani K, Zippel C, Spuling E, Cheng KC, Sarangarajan S, Roh S, Kim J, Trouillet V, Bräse S, Abbott NL, Lahann J. Surfaces Decorated with Enantiomorphically Pure Polymer Nanohelices via Hierarchical Chirality Transfer across Multiple Length Scales. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108386. [PMID: 34918392 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesoscale chiral materials are prepared by lithographic methods, assembly of chiral building blocks, and through syntheses in the presence of polarized light. Typically, these processes result in micrometer-sized structures, require complex top-down manipulation, or rely on tedious asymmetric separation. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization of chiral precursors into supported films of liquid crystals (LCs) are discovered to result in superhierarchical arrangements of enantiomorphically pure nanofibers. Depending on the molecular chirality of the 1-hydroxyethyl [2.2]paracyclophane precursor, extended arrays of enantiomorphic nanohelices are formed from achiral nematic templates. Arrays of chiral nanohelices extend over hundreds of micrometers and consistently display enantiomorphic micropatterns. The pitch of individual nanohelices depends on the enantiomeric excess and the purity of the chiral precursor, consistent with the theoretical model of a doubly twisted LC director configuration. During CVD of chiral precursors into cholesteric LC films, aspects of molecular and mesoscale asymmetry combine constructively to form regularly twisted nanohelices. Enantiomorphic surfaces permit the tailoring of a wide range of functional properties, such as the asymmetric induction of weak chiral systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Varadharajan
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Karthik Nayani
- Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701-1201, USA
| | - Christoph Zippel
- Institut für Organische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eduard Spuling
- Institut für Organische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kenneth C Cheng
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2102, USA
| | - Swetha Sarangarajan
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sangchul Roh
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - John Kim
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2102, USA
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institut fuer Angewandte Materialien (IAM-ESS) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility KNMF), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2102, USA
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Abstract
In this article, we theoretically and numerically study the chirality and saddle-splay elastic constant ( K 24 ) -enabled stability of multiple twist-like nematic liquid crystal (LC) structures in cylindrical confinement. We focus on the so-called radially z-twisted (RZT) and radially twisted (RT) configurations, which simultaneously exhibit twists in different spatial directions. We express the free energies of the structures in terms of dimensionless wave vectors, which characterise the structures and play the roles of order parameters. The impact of different confinement anchoring conditions is explored. A simple Landau-type analysis provides an insight into how different model parameters influence the stability of structures. We determine conditions for which the structures are stable in chiral and also nonchiral LCs. In particular, we find that the RZT structure could exhibit macroscopic chirality inversion upon varying the relevant parameters. This phenomenon could be exploited for the measurement of K 24 .
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Rolland N, Mehandzhiyski AY, Garg M, Linares M, Zozoulenko IV. New Patchy Particle Model with Anisotropic Patches for Molecular Dynamics Simulations: Application to a Coarse-Grained Model of Cellulose Nanocrystal. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:3699-3711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rolland
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, ITN, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | | | - Mohit Garg
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, ITN, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, ITN, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Scientific Visualization Group, ITN, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Swedish e-Science Research Centre (SeRC), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Igor V. Zozoulenko
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, ITN, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
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