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Zhang TH, Wang WM, Li YT, Zhang J. Magnetization of high-density plasma with a jet velocity of hundreds of km/s. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:055211. [PMID: 36559445 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.055211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High magnetic fields at the kilotesla scale have been experimentally generated and finding methods to fully embed such fields into high-density plasma is interesting for magnetically assisted a fast ignition scheme of inertial confinement fusion, laboratory astrophysics, and magnetically guided fast electron beam for broad applications. We investigate diffusion and embedment of an external magnetic field inwards a high-density plasma by analysis and simulation. By introducing the magnetic Péclet number, dimensional analysis indicates that the magnetizing process is sensitive to the jet velocity, temperature, and size of the plasma and gives a phenomenological scaling law of the magnetic field embedment time with an arbitrary jet velocity. The analytical results are verified by magnetic field simulation and applied in 100-g/cm^{3}, 100-μm-radius plasmas with a jet velocity of 0-400 km/s and a temperature of 50-500 eV, typically adopted in experiments. Attributed to an effective electric field from frame transformation, the magnetic field embedment time can be significantly reduced by one order of magnitude when a jetting plasma is adopted with a velocity of hundreds of kilometers per second, e.g., from 5.5 ns in a static plasma to a 0.5 ns timescale in a jetting plasma of 200 km/s. The promoted embedment process favors for various applications mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Huai Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu-Tong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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Hata M, Sano T, Sentoku Y, Nagatomo H, Sakagami H. Pulse duration constraint of whistler waves in magnetized dense plasma. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:035205. [PMID: 34654167 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.035205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between large-amplitude laser light and strongly magnetized dense plasma have been investigated by one- and two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations. Since whistler waves have no critical density, they can propagate through plasmas beyond the critical density in principle. However, we have found the propagation of whistler waves is restricted significantly by the stimulated Brillouin scattering. It is confirmed that the period during which the whistler wave can propagate in overcritical plasmas is proportional to the growth time of the ion-acoustic wave via the Brillouin instability. The allowable pulse duration of the whistler wave has a power-law dependence on the amplitude of the whistler wave and the external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Hata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideo Nagatomo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakagami
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
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3
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Morita H, Pollock BB, Goyon CS, Williams GJ, Law KFF, Fujioka S, Moody JD. Dynamics of laser-generated magnetic fields using long laser pulses. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:033201. [PMID: 33862682 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.033201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report on the experimental investigation of magnetic field generation with a half-loop gold sheet coil driven by long-duration (10 ns) and high-power (0.5 TW) laser pulses. The amplitude of the magnetic field was characterized experimentally using proton deflectometry. The field rises rapidly in the first 1 ns of laser irradiation, and then increases slowly and continuously up to 10 ns during further laser irradiation. The transient dynamics of current shape were investigated with a two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulation that included Ohmic heating of the coil and the resultant change of electrical resistivity determined by the coil material temperature. The numerical simulations show rapid heating at the coil edges by current initially localized at the edges. This current density then diffuses to the central part of the sheet coil in a way that depends both on normal current diffusion as well as temporal changes of the coil resistance induced by the Ohmic heating. The measured temporal evolution of the magnetic field is compared with a model that determines a solution to the coil current and voltage that is consistent with a plasma diode model of the drive region and a 2D simulation of current diffusion and dynamic resistance due to Ohmic heating in the laser coil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Morita
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Bradley B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Clement S Goyon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Gerald J Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - King Fai Farley Law
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - John D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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4
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Song HH, Wang WM, Wang JQ, Li YT, Zhang J. Low-frequency whistler waves excited by relativistic laser pulses. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:053204. [PMID: 33327142 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.053204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It is shown by multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations that intense secondary whistler waves with special vortexlike field topology can be excited by a relativistic laser pulse in the highly magnetized, near-critical density plasma. Such whistler waves with lower frequencies obliquely propagate on both sides of the laser propagation axis. The energy conversion rate from laser to whistler waves can exceed 15%. Their dispersion relations and field polarization properties can be well explained by the linear cold-plasma model. The present work presents a new excitation mechanism of whistler modes extending to the relativistic regime and could also be applied in magnetically assisted fast ignition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Hang Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.,Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yu-Tong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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5
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Sano T, Tatsumi Y, Hata M, Sentoku Y. Plasma concept for generating circularly polarized electromagnetic waves with relativistic amplitude. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:053214. [PMID: 33327076 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.053214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Propagation features of circularly polarized (CP) electromagnetic waves in magnetized plasmas are determined by the plasma density and the magnetic field strength. This property can be applied to design a unique plasma photonic device for intense short-pulse lasers. We have demonstrated by numerical simulations that a thin plasma foil under an external magnetic field works as a polarizing plate to separate a linearly polarized laser into two CP waves traveling in the opposite direction. This plasma photonic device has an advantage for generating intense CP waves even with a relativistic amplitude. For various research purposes, intense CP lights are strongly required to create high energy density plasmas in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tatsumi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayasu Hata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Sano T, Fujioka S, Mori Y, Mima K, Sentoku Y. Thermonuclear fusion triggered by collapsing standing whistler waves in magnetized overdense plasmas. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:013206. [PMID: 32069605 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.013206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermal fusion plasmas initiated by standing whistler waves are investigated numerically by two- and one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. When a standing whistler wave collapses due to the wave breaking of ion plasma waves, the energy of the electromagnetic waves transfers directly to the ion kinetic energy. Here we find that ion heating by use of standing whistler waves is operational even in multidimensional simulations of multi-ion species targets, such as deuterium-tritium (DT) ices and solid ammonia borane (H_{6}BN). The energy conversion efficiency to ions becomes as high as 15% of the injected laser energy, which depends significantly on the target thickness and laser pulse duration. The ion temperature could reach a few tens of keV or much higher if appropriate laser-plasma conditions are selected. DT fusion plasmas generated by this method must be useful as efficient neutron sources. Our numerical simulations suggest that the neutron generation efficiency exceeds 10^{9} n/J per steradian, which is beyond the current achievements of the state-of-the-art laser experiments. Standing whistler-wave heating would expand the experimental possibility for an alternative ignition design of magnetically confined laser fusion and also for more difficult fusion reactions, including the aneutronic proton-boron reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Mori
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-1202, Japan
| | - Kunioki Mima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-1202, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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