Unifying disparate rate-dependent rheological regimes in non-Brownian suspensions

Rheology of bi-disperse dense fiber suspensions

While significant progress has been made in the modeling and simulation of uniform fiber suspensions, no existing model has been validated for industrially-relevant concentrated suspensions containing fibers of multiple aspect ratios. In the present work, we investigate bi-disperse suspensions with two fiber populations in varying aspect ratios in a steady shear flow using direct numerical simulations. Moreover, we measure the suspension viscosity by creating a controlled length bidispersity for nylon fibers suspended in a Newtonian fluid. The results showed good agreement between the experimentally measured and numerically predicted viscosity for bi-disperse suspensions. The ratio between the aspect ratio of large to small fibers (size ratio) and the volume fraction of large fibers (composition) in bi-disperse systems strongly affected the rheological behavior of the suspension. The increment of relative viscosity associated with size ratio and composition can be explained by the decrease in the maximum flowable limit or jamming volume fraction. Moreover, the relative viscosity of bi-disperse suspensions collapses, when plotted against the reduced volume fraction, demonstrating the controlling influence of the jamming fraction in bi-disperse fiber suspensions.

Rheology of 3D printable ceramic suspensions: effects of non-adsorbing polymer on discontinuous shear thickening

Concentrated suspensions of particles at volume fractions (ϕ) ≥ 0.5 often exhibit complex rheological behavior, transitioning from shear thinning to shear thickening as the shear stress or shear rate is increased. These suspensions can be extruded to form 3D structures, with non-adsorbing polymers often added as rheology modifiers to improve printability. Understanding how non-adsorbing polymers affect the suspension rheology, particularly the onset of shear thickening, is critical to the design of particle inks that will extrude uniformly. In this work, we examine the rheology of concentrated aqueous suspensions of colloidal alumina particles and the effects of adding non-adsorbing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). First, we show that suspensions with ϕ_alumina = 0.560-0.575 exhibited discontinuous shear thickening (DST), where the viscosity increased by up to two orders of magnitude above an onset stress (τ_min). Increasing ϕ_alumina from 0.550 to 0.575 increased the viscosity and yield stress in the shear thinning regime and decreased τ_min. Next, PVP was added at concentrations within the dilute and semi-dilute non-entangled regimes of polymer conformation (ϕ_PVP = 0.005-0.050) to suspensions with constant ϕ_alumina = 0.550. DST was observed in all cases and increasing ϕ_PVP increased the viscosity and yield stress. Interestingly, increasing ϕ_PVP also increased τ_min. We posit that the free PVP chains act as lubricants between alumina particles, increasing the stress needed to induce thickening. Finally, we demonstrate through direct comparisons of suspensions with and without PVP how non-adsorbing polymer addition can extend the extrusion processing window due to the increase in τ_min.