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Wiethorn ZR, Hunter KE, Zuehlsdorff TJ, Montoya-Castillo A. Beyond the Condon limit: Condensed phase optical spectra from atomistic simulations. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244114. [PMID: 38153146 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While dark transitions made bright by molecular motions determine the optoelectronic properties of many materials, simulating such non-Condon effects in condensed phase spectroscopy remains a fundamental challenge. We derive a Gaussian theory to predict and analyze condensed phase optical spectra beyond the Condon limit. Our theory introduces novel quantities that encode how nuclear motions modulate the energy gap and transition dipole of electronic transitions in the form of spectral densities. By formulating the theory through a statistical framework of thermal averages and fluctuations, we circumvent the limitations of widely used microscopically harmonic theories, allowing us to tackle systems with generally anharmonic atomistic interactions and non-Condon fluctuations of arbitrary strength. We show how to calculate these spectral densities using first-principles simulations, capturing realistic molecular interactions and incorporating finite-temperature, disorder, and dynamical effects. Our theory accurately predicts the spectra of systems known to exhibit strong non-Condon effects (phenolate in various solvents) and reveals distinct mechanisms for electronic peak splitting: timescale separation of modes that tune non-Condon effects and spectral interference from correlated energy gap and transition dipole fluctuations. We further introduce analysis tools to identify how intramolecular vibrations, solute-solvent interactions, and environmental polarization effects impact dark transitions. Moreover, we prove an upper bound on the strength of cross correlated energy gap and transition dipole fluctuations, thereby elucidating a simple condition that a system must follow for our theory to accurately predict its spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Wiethorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Kye E Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Tim J Zuehlsdorff
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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2
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Pishchalnikov RY, Yaroshevich IA, Zlenko DV, Tsoraev GV, Osipov EM, Lazarenko VA, Parshina EY, Chesalin DD, Sluchanko NN, Maksimov EG. The role of the local environment on the structural heterogeneity of carotenoid β-ionone rings. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 156:3-17. [PMID: 36063303 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our analysis of the X-ray crystal structure of canthaxanthin (CAN) showed that its ketolated β-ionone rings can adopt two energetically equal, but structurally distinct puckers. Quantum chemistry calculations revealed that the potential energy surface of the β-ionone ring rotation over the plane of the conjugated π-system in carotenoids depends on the pucker state of the β-ring. Considering different pucker states and β-ionone ring rotation, we found six separate local minima on the potential energy surface defining the geometry of the keto-β-ionone ring-two cis and one trans orientation for each of two pucker states. We observed a small difference in energy and no difference in relative orientation for the cis-minima, but a pronounced difference for the position of trans-minimum in alternative pucker configurations. An energetic advantage of β-ionone ring rotation from a specific pucker type can reach up to 8 kJ/mol ([Formula: see text]). In addition, we performed the simulation of linear absorption of CAN in hexane and in a unit cell of the CAN crystal. The electronic energies of [Formula: see text] transition were estimated both for the CAN monomer and in the CAN crystal. The difference between them reached [Formula: see text], which roughly corresponds to the energy gap between A and B pucker states predicted by theoretical estimations. Finally, we have discussed the importance of such effects for biological systems whose local environment determines conformational mobility, and optical/functional characteristics of carotenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Y Pishchalnikov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 38, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Igor A Yaroshevich
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Dmitry V Zlenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution (IEE), RAS, Moscow, Russia, 117071
| | - Georgy V Tsoraev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Evgenii M Osipov
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vladimir A Lazarenko
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1 Akademika Kurchatova Pl., Moscow, Russia, 123182
| | - Evgenia Yu Parshina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Denis D Chesalin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 38, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Eugene G Maksimov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
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3
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Gelin MF, Chen L, Domcke W. Equation-of-Motion Methods for the Calculation of Femtosecond Time-Resolved 4-Wave-Mixing and N-Wave-Mixing Signals. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17339-17396. [PMID: 36278801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond nonlinear spectroscopy is the main tool for the time-resolved detection of photophysical and photochemical processes. Since most systems of chemical interest are rather complex, theoretical support is indispensable for the extraction of the intrinsic system dynamics from the detected spectroscopic responses. There exist two alternative theoretical formalisms for the calculation of spectroscopic signals, the nonlinear response-function (NRF) approach and the spectroscopic equation-of-motion (EOM) approach. In the NRF formalism, the system-field interaction is assumed to be sufficiently weak and is treated in lowest-order perturbation theory for each laser pulse interacting with the sample. The conceptual alternative to the NRF method is the extraction of the spectroscopic signals from the solutions of quantum mechanical, semiclassical, or quasiclassical EOMs which govern the time evolution of the material system interacting with the radiation field of the laser pulses. The NRF formalism and its applications to a broad range of material systems and spectroscopic signals have been comprehensively reviewed in the literature. This article provides a detailed review of the suite of EOM methods, including applications to 4-wave-mixing and N-wave-mixing signals detected with weak or strong fields. Under certain circumstances, the spectroscopic EOM methods may be more efficient than the NRF method for the computation of various nonlinear spectroscopic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching,Germany
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4
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Sidhardh GL, Ajith A, Sebastian E, Hariharan M, Shaji A. Local Phonon Environment as a Design Element for Long-Lived Excitonic Coherence: Dithia-anthracenophane Revisited. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3765-3773. [PMID: 35666186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of a structured immediate phonon environment in determining the exciton dynamics and the possibility of using it as an optimal design element. Through the case study of dithia-anthracenophane, a bichromophore using the Hierarchical Equations Of Motion formalism, we show that the experimentally observed coherent exciton dynamics can be reproduced only by considering the actual structure of the phonon environment. While the slow dephasing of quantum coherence in dithia-anthracenophane can be attributed to strong vibronic coupling to high-frequency modes, vibronic quenching is the source of long oscillation periods in population transfer. This study sheds light on the crucial role of the structure of the immediate phonon environment in determining the exciton dynamics. We conclude by proposing some design principles for sustaining long-lived coherence in molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Lal Sidhardh
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Adithi Ajith
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Anil Shaji
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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5
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Richter M, Hughes S. Enhanced TEMPO Algorithm for Quantum Path Integrals with Off-Diagonal System-Bath Coupling: Applications to Photonic Quantum Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:167403. [PMID: 35522504 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.167403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multitime system correlation functions are relevant in various areas of physics and science, dealing with system-bath interaction including spectroscopy and quantum optics, where many of these schemes include an off-diagonal system bath interaction. Here we extend the enhanced time-evolving matrix product operator (eTEMPO) algorithm for quantum path integrals using tensor networks [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 240602 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123.240602 to open quantum systems with off-diagonal coupling beyond a single two level system. We exemplify the approach on a coupled cavity waveguide system with spatially separated quantum two-state emitters, though many other applications in material science are possible, including entangled photon propagation, photosynthesis spectroscopy, and on-chip quantum optics with realistic dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Richter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, EW 7-1, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen Hughes
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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6
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Ueno S, Tanimura Y. Modeling and Simulating the Excited-State Dynamics of a System with Condensed Phases: A Machine Learning Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3618-3628. [PMID: 33999606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Simulating the irreversible quantum dynamics of exciton- and electron-transfer problems poses a nontrivial challenge. Because the irreversibility of the system dynamics is a result of quantum thermal activation and dissipation caused by the surrounding environment, it is necessary to include infinite environmental degrees of freedom in the simulation. Because the capabilities of full quantum dynamics simulations that include the surrounding molecular degrees of freedom are limited, employing a system-bath model is a practical approach. In such a model, the dynamics of excitons or electrons are described by a system Hamiltonian, while the other degrees of freedom that arise from the environmental molecules are described by a harmonic oscillator bath (HOB) and system-bath interaction parameters. By extending on a previous study of molecular liquids [ J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2020, 16, 2099], here, we construct a system-bath model for exciton- and electron-transfer problems by means of a machine learning approach. We determine both the system and system-bath interaction parameters, including the spectral distribution of the bath, using the electronic excitation energies obtained from a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulation that is conducted as a function of time. Using the analytical expressions of optical response functions, we calculate linear and two-dimensional electronic spectra (2DES) for indocarbocyanine dimers in methanol. From these results, we demonstrate the capability of our approach to elucidate the nonequilibrium exciton dynamics of a quantum system in a nonintuitive manner.
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7
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Rognoni A, Conte R, Ceotto M. Caldeira-Leggett model vs ab initio potential: A vibrational spectroscopy test of water solvation. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:094106. [PMID: 33685187 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a semiclassically approximate quantum treatment of solvation with the purpose of investigating the accuracy of the Caldeira-Leggett model. We do that by simulating the vibrational features of water solvation by means of two different approaches. One is entirely based on the adoption of an accurate ab initio potential to describe water clusters of increasing dimensionality. The other one consists of a model made of a central water molecule coupled to a high-dimensional Caldeira-Leggett harmonic bath. We demonstrate the role of quantum effects in the detection of water solvation and show that the computationally cheap approach based on the Caldeira-Leggett bath is only partially effective. The main conclusion of the study is that quantum methods associated with high-level potential energy surfaces are necessary to correctly study solvation features, while simplified models, even if attractive owing to their reduced computational cost, can provide some useful insights but are not able to come up with a comprehensive description of the solvation phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rognoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Conte
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Ceotto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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8
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Ueno S, Tanimura Y. Modeling Intermolecular and Intramolecular Modes of Liquid Water Using Multiple Heat Baths: Machine Learning Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2099-2108. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Ueno
- HPC Systems Inc., Nakagyoku, Kyoto 604, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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9
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Interference among Multiple Vibronic Modes in Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. MATHEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/math8020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vibronic coupling between electronic and vibrational states in molecules plays a critical role in most photo-induced phenomena. Many key details about a molecule’s vibronic coupling are hidden in linear spectroscopic measurements, and therefore nonlinear optical spectroscopy methods such as two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D ES) have become more broadly adopted. A single vibrational mode of a molecule leads to a Franck–Condon progression of peaks in a 2D spectrum. Each peak oscillates as a function of the waiting time, and Fourier transformation can produce a spectral slice known as a ‘beating map’ at the oscillation frequency. The single vibrational mode produces a characteristic peak structure in the beating map. Studies of single modes have limited utility, however, because most molecules have numerous vibrational modes that couple to the electronic transition. Interactions or interference among the modes may lead to complicated peak patterns in each beating map. Here, we use lineshape-function theory to simulate 2D ES arising from a system having multiple vibrational modes. The simulations reveal that the peaks in each beating map are affected by all of the vibrational modes and therefore do not isolate a single mode, which was anticipated.
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10
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Pishchalnikov RY, Yaroshevich IA, Slastnikova TA, Ashikhmin AA, Stepanov AV, Slutskaya EA, Friedrich T, Sluchanko NN, Maksimov EG. Structural peculiarities of keto-carotenoids in water-soluble proteins revealed by simulation of linear absorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25707-25719. [PMID: 31720635 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04508b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To prevent irreversible damage caused by an excess of incident light, the photosynthetic machinery of many cyanobacteria uniquely utilizes the water-soluble orange carotenoid protein (OCP) containing a single keto-carotenoid molecule. This molecule is non-covalently embedded into the two OCP domains which are interconnected by a flexible linker. The phenomenon of OCP photoactivation, causing significant changes in carotenoid absorption in the orange and red form of OCP, is currently being thoroughly studied. Numerous additional spectral forms of natural and synthetic OCP-like proteins have been unearthed. The optical properties of carotenoids are strongly determined by the interaction of their electronic states with vibrational modes, the surrounding protein matrix, and the solvent. In this work, the effects of the pigment-protein interaction and vibrational relaxation in OCP were studied by computational simulation of linear absorption. Taking into account Raman spectroscopy data and applying the multimode Brownian oscillator model as well as the cumulant expansion technique, we have calculated a set of characteristic microparameters sufficient to demarcate different carotenoid states in OCP forms, using the model carotenoids spheroidene and spheroidenone in methanol/acetone solution as benchmarks. The most crucial microparameters, which determine the effect of solvent and protein environment, are the Huang-Rhys factors and the frequencies of C[double bond, length as m-dash]C and C-C stretching modes, the low-frequency mode and the FWHM due to inhomogeneous line broadening. Considering the difference of linear absorption between spheroidene and spheroidenone, which remarkably resembles the photoinduced changes of OCP absorption, and applying quantum chemical calculations, we discuss structural and functional determinants of carotenoid binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Y Pishchalnikov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 38, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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11
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Ikeda T, Tanimura Y. Low-Temperature Quantum Fokker–Planck and Smoluchowski Equations and Their Extension to Multistate Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:2517-2534. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tanimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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12
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Jakučionis M, Chorošajev V, Abramavičius D. Vibrational damping effects on electronic energy relaxation in molecular aggregates. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Treatment of Herzberg-Teller and non-Condon effects in optical spectra with Hierarchical Equations of Motion. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Bizimana LA, Carbery WP, Gellen TA, Turner DB. Signatures of Herzberg-Teller coupling in three-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2018; 146:084311. [PMID: 28249416 DOI: 10.1063/1.4976995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The coupling between electronic and nuclear variables is a key consideration in molecular dynamics and spectroscopy. However, simulations that include detailed vibronic coupling terms are challenging to perform, and thus a variety of approximations can be used to model and interpret experimental results. Recent work shows that these simplified models can be inadequate. It is therefore important to understand spectroscopic signals that can identify failures of those approximations. Here we use an extended response-function method to simulate coherent three-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (3D ES) and study the sensitivity of this method to the breakdown of the Franck-Condon approximation. The simulations include a coordinate-dependent transition dipole operator that produces nodes, phase shifts, and peak patterns in 3D ES that can be used to identify Herzberg-Teller coupling. Guided by the simulation results, we interpret measurements on a molecular aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A Bizimana
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - William P Carbery
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Tobias A Gellen
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Daniel B Turner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, USA
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15
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Jonas DM. Vibrational and Nonadiabatic Coherence in 2D Electronic Spectroscopy, the Jahn–Teller Effect, and Energy Transfer. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2018; 69:327-352. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-052516-050602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Jonas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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16
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Tiwari V, Jonas DM. Electronic energy transfer through non-adiabatic vibrational-electronic resonance. II. 1D spectra for a dimer. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:084308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5003193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - David M. Jonas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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17
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Gelin MF, Borrelli R, Domcke W. Efficient orientational averaging of nonlinear optical signals in
multi-chromophore systems. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:044114. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4996205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim F. Gelin
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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18
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Ikeda T, Tanimura Y. Probing photoisomerization processes by means of multi-dimensional electronic spectroscopy: The multi-state quantum hierarchical Fokker-Planck equation approach. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:014102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4989537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tanimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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19
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Xu M, Song L, Song K, Shi Q. Convergence of high order perturbative expansions in open system quantum dynamics. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:064102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4974926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linze Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Palacino-González E, Gelin MF, Domcke W. Theoretical aspects of femtosecond double-pump single-molecule spectroscopy. II. Strong-field regime. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:32307-32319. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate femtosecond double-pump single-molecule signals in the strong-field regime, which is characterized by nonlinear scaling of the signal with the intensity of the pump pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim F. Gelin
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- Garching
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- Garching
- Germany
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21
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Zhang HD, Qiao Q, Xu RX, Yan Y. Effects of Herzberg–Teller vibronic coupling on coherent excitation energy transfer. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:204109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4968031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Dao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics and iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qin Qiao
- Discipline of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rui-Xue Xu
- Discipline of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - YiJing Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics and iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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22
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Jang S. Generalized quantum Fokker-Planck equation for photoinduced nonequilibrium processes with positive definiteness condition. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:214102. [PMID: 27276940 DOI: 10.1063/1.4952477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This work provides a detailed derivation of a generalized quantum Fokker-Planck equation (GQFPE) appropriate for photo-induced quantum dynamical processes. The path integral method pioneered by Caldeira and Leggett (CL) [Physica A 121, 587 (1983)] is extended by utilizing a nonequilibrium influence functional applicable to different baths for the ground and the excited electronic states. Both nonequilibrium and non-Markovian effects are accounted for consistently by expanding the paths in the exponents of the influence functional up to the second order with respect to time. This procedure results in approximations involving only single time integrations for the exponents of the influence functional but with additional time dependent boundary terms that have been ignored in previous works. The boundary terms complicate the derivation of a time evolution equation but do not affect position dependent physical observables or the dynamics in the steady state limit. For an effective density operator with the boundary terms factored out, a time evolution equation is derived, through short time expansion of the effective action and Gaussian integration in analytically continued complex domain of space. This leads to a compact form of the GQFPE with time dependent kernels and additional terms, which renders the resulting equation to be in the Dekker form [Phys. Rep. 80, 1 (1981)]. Major terms of the equation are analyzed for the case of Ohmic spectral density with Drude cutoff, which shows that the new GQFPE satisfies the positive definiteness condition in medium to high temperature limit. Steady state limit of the GQFPE is shown to approach the well-known expression derived by CL in the high temperature and Markovian bath limit and also provides additional corrections due to quantum and non-Markovian effects of the bath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seogjoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, New York 11367, USA and Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry and Physics, and Initiative for Theoretical Sciences, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Gottwald F, Ivanov SD, Kühn O. Applicability of the Caldeira-Leggett Model to Vibrational Spectroscopy in Solution. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2722-2727. [PMID: 26266853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Formulating a rigorous system-bath partitioning approach remains an open issue. In this context, the famous Caldeira-Leggett model that enables quantum and classical treatment of Brownian motion on equal footing has enjoyed popularity. Although this model is by any means a useful theoretical tool, its ability to describe anharmonic dynamics of real systems is often taken for granted. In this Letter, we show that the mapping between a molecular system under study and the model cannot be established in a self-consistent way, unless the system part of the potential is taken effectively harmonic. Mathematically, this implies that the mapping is not invertible. This "invertibility problem" is not dependent on the peculiarities of particular molecular systems and is rooted in the anharmonicity of the system part of the Caldeira-Leggett model potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Gottwald
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergei D Ivanov
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18055 Rostock, Germany
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Tanimura Y. Real-time and imaginary-time quantum hierarchal Fokker-Planck equations. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:144110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4916647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tanimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Description of cross-peaks induced by intermolecular vibrational energy transfer in two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Tanimura Y. Reduced hierarchical equations of motion in real and imaginary time: Correlated initial states and thermodynamic quantities. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:044114. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4890441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kitney-Hayes KA, Ferro AA, Tiwari V, Jonas DM. Two-dimensional Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy at a conical intersection. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:124312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4867996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nikiforov V, Shmelev A, Safiullin G, Lobkov V. Coherent control of vibrational and rotational molecular motions using double-pulse optical Kerr effect. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gelin MF, Rao BJ, Nest M, Domcke W. Domain of validity of the perturbative approach to femtosecond optical spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:224107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4836636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Gelin MF, Tanimura Y, Domcke W. Simulation of femtosecond “double-slit” experiments for a chromophore in a dissipative environment. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:214302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4832876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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31
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Tanimura Y. Reduced hierarchy equations of motion approach with Drude plus Brownian spectral distribution: Probing electron transfer processes by means of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:22A550. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4766931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Teichen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
80309, United States
| | - Joel D. Eaves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
80309, United States
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Gelin MF, Egorova D, Domcke W. Optical N-wave-mixing spectroscopy with strong and temporally well-separated pulses: the doorway-window representation. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:5648-58. [PMID: 21425818 DOI: 10.1021/jp112055h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have extended the doorway-window representation of optical pump-probe spectroscopy with weak pulses toward N-wave-mixing spectroscopy with temporally well-separated pulses of arbitrary strength. The expressions for the signals in the strong-pulse doorway-window representation are derived in the framework of the nonperturbative theory of N-wave-mixing spectroscopy. The strong-pulse doorway-window representation is complementary to the equation-of-motion phase-matching approach. The latter fully accounts for pulse-overlap effects in signals induced by weak pulses but is computationally more expensive. The performance of the doorway-window approximation for temporally well-separated strong pulses is illustrated for an electronic two-level system with an underdamped Condon-active vibrational mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim F Gelin
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Tanaka M, Tanimura Y. Multistate electron transfer dynamics in the condensed phase: Exact calculations from the reduced hierarchy equations of motion approach. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:214502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3428674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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35
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Venkataraman C, Soudackov AV, Hammes-Schiffer S. Photoinduced homogeneous proton-coupled electron transfer: Model study of isotope effects on reaction dynamics. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:154502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3249964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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36
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Cho B, Yetzbacher MK, Kitney KA, Smith ER, Jonas DM. Propagation and Beam Geometry Effects on Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Spectra of Multilevel Systems. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:13287-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904504z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byungmoon Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| | - Michael K. Yetzbacher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| | - Katherine A. Kitney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| | - Eric R. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| | - David M. Jonas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
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37
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Toutounji M. Empirical relaxation function and spectral density for underdamped vibrations at low temperatures. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:094501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3085066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Farrow DA, Qian W, Smith ER, Ferro AA, Jonas DM. Polarized pump-probe measurements of electronic motion via a conical intersection. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:144510. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2837471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Darcie A. Farrow
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
| | - Eric R. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
| | - Allison A. Ferro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
| | - David M. Jonas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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Cheon S, Lee H, Choi JH, Cho M. Doubly resonant three-wave-mixing spectroscopy of a chiral coupled-chromophore system in solution: coherent two-dimensional optical activity spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:054505. [PMID: 17302483 DOI: 10.1063/1.2431806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Theoretical descriptions of doubly resonant two-dimensional (2D) sum-frequency-generation (SFG) and difference-frequency-generation (DFG) spectroscopies of coupled-chromophore systems are presented. Despite that each electronic or vibrational chromophore is achiral, the interaction-induced chirality of a coupled multichromophore system in solution can be measured by using the doubly resonant 2D three-wave-mixing (3WM) spectroscopic method. An electronically coupled dimer, where each monomer is modeled as a simple two-level system, can have nonvanishing SFG (or DFG) properties, e.g., susceptibility in frequency domain or nonlinear response function in time domain, if the induced dipole vector of the dimer is not orthogonal to the vector product of the two monomer electronic transition dipole vectors. In order to demonstrate that these 2D 3WM spectroscopic methods can be used to determine the solution structure of a polypeptide, the authors carried out quantum chemistry calculations for an alanine dipeptide and obtained first- and second-order dipole derivatives associated with the amide I vibrational transitions of the dipeptide. It is shown that the numerically simulated 2D IR-IR SFG spectrum is highly sensitive to the dipeptide secondary structure and provides rich information on the one- and two-exciton states. It is believed that the theoretically proposed doubly resonant 2D 3WM spectroscopy, which can be considered to be an optical activity spectroscopy, will be of use in studying both structural and dynamical aspects of coupled multichromophore systems, such as proteins, nucleic acids, nanoparticle aggregates etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangheon Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea and Center for Multidimensional Spectroscopy, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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41
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Cho M, Fleming GR. Electron Transfer and Solvent Dynamics in Two- and Three-State Systems. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141663.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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42
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Yetzbacher MK, Belabas N, Kitney KA, Jonas DM. Propagation, beam geometry, and detection distortions of peak shapes in two-dimensional Fourier transform spectra. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:044511. [PMID: 17286491 DOI: 10.1063/1.2426337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a solution of Maxwell's equations in the three-dimensional frequency domain, femtosecond two-dimensional Fourier transform (2DFT) spectra that include distortions due to phase matching, absorption, dispersion, and noncollinear excitation and detection of the signal are calculated for Bloch, Kubo, and Brownian oscillator relaxation models. For sample solutions longer than a wavelength, the resonant propagation distortions are larger than resonant local field distortions by a factor of approximately L/lambda, where L is the sample thickness and lambda is the optical wavelength. For the square boxcars geometry, the phase-matching distortion is usually least important, and depends on the dimensionless parameter, L sin(2)(beta)Deltaomega/(nc), where beta is the half angle between beams, n is the refractive index, c is the speed of light, and Deltaomega is the width of the spectrum. Directional filtering distortions depend on the dimensionless parameter, [(Deltaomega)w(0) sin(beta)/c](2), where w(0) is the beam waist at the focus. Qualitatively, the directional filter discriminates against off diagonal amplitude. Resonant absorption and dispersion can distort 2D spectra by 10% (20%) at a peak optical density of 0.1 (0.2). Complicated distortions of the 2DFT peak shape due to absorption and dispersion can be corrected to within 10% (15%) by simple operations that require knowledge only of the linear optical properties of the sample and the distorted two-dimensional spectrum measured at a peak optical density of up to 0.5 (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yetzbacher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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Lazonder K, Pshenichnikov MS, Wiersma DA. Easy interpretation of optical two-dimensional correlation spectra. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:3354-6. [PMID: 17072421 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.003354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the value of the underlying frequency-frequency correlation function can be retrieved from a two-dimensional optical correlation spectrum through a simple relationship. The proposed method yields both intuitive clues and a quantitative measure of the dynamics of the system. The technique is applied to studying the effects of temperature and phase changes on liquid-glass solvent dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kees Lazonder
- Ultrafast Laser and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Salvador MR, Graham MW, Scholes GD. Exciton-phonon coupling and disorder in the excited states of CdSe colloidal quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:184709. [PMID: 17115781 DOI: 10.1063/1.2363190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the origin of the spectral line shape in colloidal CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots. The three-pulse photon echo peak shift (3PEPS) data reveal a temperature-independent fast decay, obscuring the quantification of the homogeneous linewidth. The optical gap and Stokes shift are found to have an anomalous behavior with temperature, which is size, capping group, and surrounding polymer matrix independent. Using these results and combining them with simulations, we discuss the role of exciton-phonon coupling, static inhomogeneity, exciton fine structure, and exciton state disorder in the linewidth of the nanocrystal. In particular, our analysis shows that the disorder due to surface imperfections and finite temperature effects, as well as the relaxation within the fine structure, can have significant impact on the steady-state absorption spectrum, 3PEPS data, and dephasing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayrose R Salvador
- Lash-Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Roberts ST, Loparo JJ, Tokmakoff A. Characterization of spectral diffusion from two-dimensional line shapes. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:084502. [PMID: 16965024 DOI: 10.1063/1.2232271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of line shapes in two-dimensional optical and infrared spectroscopies is a powerful approach to characterizing the dynamics of molecules in the condensed phase. Changes in line shape from diagonally elongated to symmetric as a function of waiting time arise from evolution of the transition frequency. We describe a number of quantitative measures of frequency fluctuations and spectral diffusion through the analysis of two-dimensional (2D) line shapes. These metrics are identical to the system's frequency correlation function and independent of population relaxation in the limit of a short time approximation for the 2D response. We also test the broader applicability of these expressions for analyzing three-level vibrational systems and experiments with finite pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Smith ER, Farrow DA, Jonas DM. Response functions for dimers and square-symmetric molecules in four-wave-mixing experiments with polarized light. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:044102. [PMID: 16095341 DOI: 10.1063/1.1953531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Four-wave-mixing nonlinear-response functions are given for intermolecular and intramolecular vibrations of a perpendicular dimer and intramolecular vibrations of a square-symmetric molecule containing a doubly degenerate state. A two-dimensional particle-in-a-box model is used to approximate the electronic wave functions and obtain harmonic potentials for nuclear motion. Vibronic interactions due to symmetry-lowering distortions along Jahn-Teller active normal modes are discussed. Electronic dephasing due to nuclear motion along both symmetric and asymmetric normal modes is included in these response functions, but population transfer between states is not. As an illustration, these response functions are used to predict the pump-probe polarization anisotropy in the limit of impulsive excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ryan Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Abstract
Quantum dissipation involves both energy relaxation and decoherence, leading toward quantum thermal equilibrium. There are several theoretical prescriptions of quantum dissipation but none of them is simple enough to be treated exactly in real applications. As a result, formulations in different prescriptions are practically used with different approximation schemes. This review examines both theoretical and application aspects on various perturbative formulations, especially those that are exact up to second-order but nonequivalent in high-order system-bath coupling contributions. Discrimination is made in favor of an unconventional formulation that in a sense combines the merits of both the conventional time-local and memory-kernel prescriptions, where the latter is least favorite in terms of the applicability range of parameters for system-bath coupling, non-Markovian, and temperature. Also highlighted is the importance of correlated driving and dissipation effects, not only on the dynamics under strong external field driving, but also in the calculation of field-free correlation and response functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiJing Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Egorova D, Gelin MF, Domcke W. Time- and frequency-resolved fluorescence spectra of nonadiabatic dissipative systems: What photons can tell us. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:134504. [PMID: 15847478 DOI: 10.1063/1.1862618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of the excited-state dynamics by time- and frequency-resolved spontaneous emission spectroscopy has been studied in detail for a model exhibiting an excited-state curve crossing. The model represents characteristic aspects of the photoinduced ultrafast dynamics in large molecules in the gas or condensed phases and accounts for strong nonadiabatic and electron-vibrational coupling effects, as well as for vibrational relaxation and optical dephasing. A comprehensive overview of the dependence of spontaneous emission spectra on the characteristics of the excitation and detection processes (such as carrier frequencies, pump/gate pulse durations, as well as optical dephasing) is presented. A systematic comparison of ideal spectra, which provide simultaneously perfect time and frequency resolution and thus contain maximal information on the system dynamics, with actually measurable time- and frequency-gated spectra has been carried out. The calculations of real time- and frequency-gated spectra demonstrate that complementary information on the excited-state dynamics can be extracted when the duration of the gate pulse is varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dassia Egorova
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Zhao X, Burt JA, McHale JL. Resonance Raman analysis of nonlinear solvent dynamics: Betaine-30 in ethanol. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:11195-201. [PMID: 15634074 DOI: 10.1063/1.1809591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resonance Raman profiles for 14 vibrational modes of betaine-30 in ethanol at room temperature were measured at wavelengths within the first charge-transfer absorption band. The absorption spectrum and resonance Raman profiles were analyzed using time-dependent theory and a Brownian oscillator model modified to account for nonlinear solvent response; i.e., dependence of the solvent reorganization energy on the electronic state of the solute. As in our previous study of betaine-30 in acetonitrile, the solvent reorganization energy for the excited electronic state, determined from resonance Raman spectroscopy, was found to be smaller than that for the ground electronic state, determined from the absorption spectrum. The mode-dependent internal reorganization energies of betaine-30 in ethanol were found to be slightly larger than those of betaine-30 in acetonitrile. Temperature-dependent solvent reorganization energies for the ground electronic state were determined from analysis of the absorption line shape from 279 to 332 K and were found to decrease with increasing temperature. The influence of hydrogen bonding on the solvent and internal reorganization energy of betaine-30 is considered, and the physical basis for nonlinear solvent response is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho-Moscow, Moscow, ID 83844-2343, USA
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