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Investigations on the decomposition of AdBlue urea in the liquid phase at low temperatures by an electrochemically induced pH shift. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Fleury V, Rosso M, Chazalviel JN. Recent Progress in Electrochemical Deposition without Supporting Electrolyte. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-367-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical deposition (ECD) of metals is a very old subject[l], which has considerable applications in the context of electroshaping or electroplating. Electrochemists and chemical engineers have long known the different growth conditions of these metal aggregates and the different parameters which drive morphological changes, at least empirically [2-4]. However, in the recent years, after the introduction of the concept of fractal aggregation[5,6], in the field of non-linear pattern formation[7,8], a lot of work has been devoted to the specific problem of growth of electrodeposits from binary electrolytes [9-51] (i.e. without supporting electrolyte). These studies aimed at understanding the morphology, on the large scale (∼1cm) of the deposits and, more specifically, the transitions between morphologies. It is the aim of this paper to review the progress which has been achieved in the past five years on this question.
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Nakouzi E, Sultan R. Fractal structures in two-metal electrodeposition systems II: Cu and Zn. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2012; 22:023122. [PMID: 22757529 DOI: 10.1063/1.4711007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this second part of our study on fractal co-electrochemical deposition, we investigate the Cu-Zn system. Macroscopic and microscopic inspection shows a sensitive dependence of the morphology of the final pattern on initial concentrations. The pattern is seen to undergo a transition from classical dendrites to randomly ramified deposits, with each slight increase in [Cu(2+)](0), while [Zn(2+)](0) is maintained constant. The variational trends in chemical composition, growth velocity, and fractal dimension with increasing [Cu(2+)](0) are analyzed. The latter is seen to generally increase with copper (II) ion concentration. In contrast, the growth rate of the deposits is seen to decrease with increasing concentration of Cu(2+) ions. A new probe of dense ramified morphology, the pattern density, is introduced and seen to increase with [Cu(2+)](0). XRD measurements reveal that the observed properties correlate with the birth of copper-rich nuclei, which disrupt the crystalline anisotropy of the two-metal alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Nakouzi
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, P. O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh 1107 2020, Beirut-Lebanon
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Nakouzi E, Sultan R. Fractal structures in two-metal electrodeposition systems I: Pb and Zn. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2011; 21:043133. [PMID: 22225370 DOI: 10.1063/1.3664343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pattern formation in two-metal electrochemical deposition has been scarcely explored in the chemical literature. In this paper, we report new experiments on zinc-lead fractal co-deposition. Electrodeposits are grown in special cells at a fixed large value of the zinc ion concentration, while that of the lead ion is increased gradually. A very wide diversity of morphologies are obtained and classified. Most of the deposited domains are almost exclusively Pb or Zn. But certain regions originating at the base cathode, ranging from a short grass alley to dense, grown-up bushes or shrubs, manifest a combined Pb-Zn composition. Composition is determined using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x ray measurements as well atomic absorption spectroscopy. Pb domains are characterized by shiny leaf-like and dense deposits as well as flowers with round, balloon-like corollas. The Zn zones display a greater variety of morphologies such as thick trunks and thin and fine branching, in addition to minute "cigar flower" structures. The various morphologies are analyzed and classified from the viewpoint of fractal nature, characterized by the box-count fractal dimension. Finally, macroscopic spatial alternation between two different characteristic morphologies is observed under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Nakouzi
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, P. O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon
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González G, Rosso M, Chassaing E. Transition between two dendritic growth mechanisms in electrodeposition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:011601. [PMID: 18763962 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.011601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report in this paper the observation of a transition between two different dendritic growth mechanisms in the electrodeposition of a metal from a binary electrolyte. Our results, in particular concerning the dendritic growth velocities, enable us to explain this behavior in terms of models previously proposed in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela González
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, F91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Marshall G, Molina F, Soba A. Ion transport in thin cell electrodeposition: modelling three-ion electrolytes in dense branched morphology under constant voltage and current conditions. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Eba H, Sakurai K. Pattern transition in Cu–Zn binary electrochemical deposition. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sun B, Zou XW, Jin ZZ. Morphological evolution in the electrodeposition of the Pb-Sn binary system. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 69:067202. [PMID: 15244790 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.067202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2003] [Revised: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Morphological evolution in the electrodeposition of Pb-Sn binary system is studied. As the second component increases, the morphology of the codeposit changes from dendrite to ramification, to dense branch, and finally to fractal structure, respectively. The evolution arises from the influence of crystallographic texture, which leads to a splitting of dendritic tips and the formation of ramified morphology. This work provides direct evidence to explore the crystallographic influence on the morphological evolution in electrodeposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Schröter M, Kassner K, Rehberg I, Claret J, Sagués F. Experimental investigation of the initial regime in fingering electrodeposition: dispersion relation and velocity measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 65:041607. [PMID: 12005837 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.041607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently a fingering morphology, resembling the hydrodynamic Saffman-Taylor instability, was identified in the quasi-two-dimensional electrodeposition of copper. We present here measurements of the dispersion relation of the growing front. The instability is accompanied by gravity-driven convection rolls at the electrodes, which are examined using particle image velocimetry. While at the anode the theory presented by Chazalviel et al. [J. Electroanal. Chem. 407, 61 (1996)] describes the convection roll, the flow field at the cathode is more complicated because of the growing deposit. In particular, the analysis of the orientation of the velocity vectors reveals some lag of the development of the convection roll compared to the finger envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schröter
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaft, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Postfach 4120, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Rosso M, Chassaing E, Chazalviel JN, Gobron T. Onset of current-driven concentration instabilities in thin cell electrodeposition with small inter-electrode distance. Electrochim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(01)00848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Study of the evolution of the Li/electrolyte interface during cycling of Li/polymer batteries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(01)82243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
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Leger C, Elezgaray J, Argoul F. Internal structure of dense electrodeposits. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 61:5452-5463. [PMID: 11031598 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.5452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental investigations of the structure of dense patterns obtained during electrochemical deposition of copper in thin cells. The deposit correlation function reveals the periodic structuration of the patterns but shows that the primary spacing is not steady during the growth and that moreover it is not simply related to the diffusion length. Another measurable quantity is the occupancy ratio of the fingers in the cell. Its variation as a function of the experimental parameters is interpreted from specific properties of electrochemical growth. The results are discussed with respect to the well-known behavior of cellular solidification fronts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leger
- Centre de Recherche Paul-Pascal, CNRS, Pessac, France
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Léger C, Argoul F, Bazant MZ. Front Dynamics during Diffusion-Limited Corrosion of Ramified Electrodeposits. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990486+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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López-Salvans MQ, Sagués F, Claret J, Bassas J. Fingering instability in thin-layer electrodeposition: general trends and morphological transitions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(96)04829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lòpez-Salvans M, Trigueros PP, Vallmitjana S, Claret J, Sagués F. Fingerlike aggregates in thin-layer electrodeposition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:4062-4065. [PMID: 10061182 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Argoul F, Freysz E, Kuhn A, Léger C, Potin L. Interferometric characterization of growth dynamics during dendritic electrodeposition of zinc. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1996; 53:1777-1788. [PMID: 9964439 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.53.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Kuhn A, Argoul F. Diffusion-limited kinetics in thin-gap electroless deposition. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(95)04157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Carro P, Ambrosolio S, Marchiano S, Creus AH, Salvarezza R, Arvia A. Transport phenomena and growth modes of silver electrodeposits. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(95)04196-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bazant MZ. Regulation of ramified electrochemical growth by a diffusive wave. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1995; 52:1903-1914. [PMID: 9963611 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.52.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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