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Tu W, Chen Z, Li X, Gao Y, Liu R, Wang LM. Revisiting the glass transition and dynamics of supercooled benzene by calorimetric studies. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:164501. [PMID: 26520521 DOI: 10.1063/1.4933425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The glass transition and dynamics of benzene are studied in binary mixtures of benzene with five glass forming liquids, which can be divided into three groups: (a) o-terphenyl and m-xylene, (b) N-butyl methacrylate, and (c) N,N-dimethylpropionamide and N,N-diethylformamide to represent the weak, moderate, and strong interactions with benzene. The enthalpies of mixing, ΔH(mix), for the benzene mixtures are measured to show positive or negative signs, with which the validity of the extrapolations of the glass transition temperature T(g) to the benzene-rich regions is examined. The extrapolations for the T(g) data in the mixtures are found to converge around the point of 142 K, producing T(g) of pure benzene. The fragility m of benzene is also evaluated by extrapolating the results of the mixtures, and a fragility m ∼ 80 is yielded. The obtained T(g) and m values for benzene allow for the construction of the activation plot in the deeply supercooled region. The poor glass formability of benzene is found to result from the high melting point, which in turn leads to low viscosity in the supercooled liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkang Tu
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Zeming Chen
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Riping Liu
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Li-Min Wang
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
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Murakami H, Sada T, Yamada M, Harada M. Nanometer-scale water droplet free from the constraint of reverse micelles at low temperatures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:052304. [PMID: 24329261 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.052304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Temperature dependence of the configurational fluctuation of water confined in a reverse micellar solution has been studied by absorption spectroscopy of a probe molecule. We have found that the configurational fluctuation is liquidlike below the homogeneous nucleation temperature. This is proposed to be due to a large reduction in the confinement of water, and is explained in terms of water shedding from the reverse micelle. Further, the configurational fluctuation is frozen at ~210 K. A reverse micellar solution is considered to be a promising candidate for studies of supercooled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Murakami
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - T Sada
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan and Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan and Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - M Harada
- Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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Lunkenhemer P, Pimenov A, Dressel M, Gorshunov B, Schneider U, Schiener B, Böhmer R, Loedl A. Dielectric Spectroscopy at High Frequencies on Glass Forming Liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-455-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTDielectric spectroscopy up to 950 GHz has been performed on various glass formers as glycerol, propylene-carbonate, and Salol. Special attention is given to the dielectric loss, ε″, in the crossover regime from the a-relaxation to the far-infrared (FIR) response where it can be directly compared to the dynamic susceptibilities obtained by neutron and light scattering techniques. We observe a minimum in ε″(ν) at high frequencies which cannot be explained by a simple transition from a-relaxation peak to the FIR bands but has to be attributed to additional fast processes. In all materials investigated, ε″(ν) increases significantly sublinear above the minimum. The ratio of the intensity of the α-process and the fast process as determined from our dielectric experiments is significantly higher compared to the results from the scattering experiments.
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Polar and Nonpolar Solvation Dynamics, Ion Diffusion, and Vibrational Relaxation: Role of Biphasic Solvent Response in Chemical Dynamics. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141687.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Murakami H. Femtosecond time-resolved solvation process of a solution: Constraints of vibrational degrees of freedom in the supercooled state. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kokshenev VB, Borges PD, Sullivan NS. Moderately and strongly supercooled liquids: A temperature-derivative study of the primary relaxation time scale. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:114510. [PMID: 15836232 DOI: 10.1063/1.1855877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary relaxation time scale tau(T) derived from the glass forming supercooled liquids (SCLs) is discussed within ergodic-cluster Gaussian statistics, theoretically justified near and above the glass-transformation temperature T(g). An analysis is given for the temperature-derivative data by Stickel et al. on the steepness and the curvature of tau(T). Near the mode-coupling-theory (MCT) crossover T(c), these derivatives separate by a kink and a jump, respectively, the moderately and strongly SCL states. After accounting for the kink and the jump, the steepness remains a piecewise conitnuous function, a material-independent equation for the three fundamental characteristic temperatures, T(g), T(c), and the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman (VFT) T(0), is found. Both states are described within the heterostructured model of solidlike clusters parametrized in a self-consistent manner by a minimum set of observable parameters: the fragility index, the MCT slowing-down exponent, and the chemical excess potential of Adam and Gibbs model (AGM). Below the Arrhenius temperature, the dynamically and thermodynamically stabilized clusters emerge with a size of around of seven to nine and two to three molecules above and close to T(g) and T(c), respectively. On cooling, the main transformation of the moderately into the strongly supercooled state is due to rebuilding of the cluster structure, and is attributed to its rigidity, introduced through the cluster compressibility. It is shown that the validity of the dynamic AGM (dynamically equivalent to the standard VFT form) is limited by the strongly supercooled state (T(g) < T < T(c)) where the superrigid cooperative rearranging regions are shown to be well-chosen parametrized solidlike clusters. Extension of the basic parameter set by the observable kinetic and diffusive exponents results in prediction of a subdiffusion relaxation regime in SCLs that is distinct from that established for amorphous polymers.
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Novikov VN, Sokolov AP. Universality of the dynamic crossover in glass-forming liquids: a "magic" relaxation time. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 67:031507. [PMID: 12689073 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.031507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2002] [Revised: 12/02/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of experimental data on the structural relaxation time tau(alpha) in various glass formers revealed its universality at the critical temperature T(c) of the mode-coupling theory. In most glass formers studied ln tau(alpha)(T(c))=-(6.5-7.5). Possible reasons for such a universality are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Novikov
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, USA
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Zhang Y, Berg MA. Ultrafast dichroism spectroscopy of anthracene in solution. III. Nonpolar solvation dynamics in benzyl alcohol. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1389297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Gotze W, Voigtmann T. Universal and nonuniversal features of glassy relaxation in propylene carbonate. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 61:4133-4147. [PMID: 11088208 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.4133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that the susceptibility spectra of supercooled propylene carbonate as measured by depolarized-light scattering, dielectric-loss, and incoherent quasielastic neutron-scattering spectroscopy within the GHz window are simultaneously described by the solutions of a two-component schematic model of the mode-coupling theory (MCT) for the evolution of glassy dynamics. It is shown that the universal beta-relaxation-scaling laws, dealing with the asymptotic behavior of the MCT solutions, describe the qualitative features of the calculated spectra. But the nonuniversal corrections to the scaling laws render it impossible to achieve a complete quantitative description using only the leading-order-asymptotic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gotze
- Physik-Department, Technische Universitat Munchen, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Schneider U, Lunkenheimer P, Brand R, Loidl A. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy on glass-forming propylene carbonate. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1999; 59:6924-36. [PMID: 11969680 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.59.6924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/1998] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric spectroscopy covering more than 18 decades of frequency has been performed on propylene carbonate in its liquid and supercooled-liquid state. Using quasioptic submillimeter and far-infrared spectroscopy, the dielectric response was investigated up to frequencies well into the microscopic regime. We discuss the alpha process whose characteristic time scale is observed over 14 decades of frequency and the excess wing showing up at frequencies some three decades above the peak frequency. Special attention is given to the high-frequency response of the dielectric loss in the crossover regime between alpha peak and boson peak. Similar to our previous results in other glass-forming materials, we find evidence for additional processes in the crossover regime. However, significant differences concerning the spectral form at high frequencies are found. We compare our results to the susceptibilities obtained from light scattering and to the predictions of various models of the glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schneider
- Experimentalphysik V, Universität Augsburg, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
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Nagasawa Y, Yu JY, Fleming GR. Solute–solvent interaction dynamics studied by photon echo spectroscopies in polymer glasses. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Berg M. Viscoelastic Continuum Model of Nonpolar Solvation. 1. Implications for Multiple Time Scales in Liquid Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9722061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Berg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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Nagasawa Y, Passino SA, Joo T, Fleming GR. Temperature dependence of optical dephasing in an organic polymer glass (PMMA) from 300 K to 30 K. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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