Anisotropic filamentation instability of intense laser beams in plasmas near the critical density

Spiral copropagation of two relativistic intense laser beams in a plasma channel

The copropagation of two relativistic intense laser beams with orthogonal polarization in a parabolic plasma channel is studied analytically and numerically. A set of coupled equations for the evolution of the laser spot sizes and transverse centroids are derived by use of the variational approach. It is shown that the centroids of the two beams can spiral and oscillate around each other along the channel axis, where the characteristic frequency is determined both by the laser and plasma parameters. The results are verified by direct numerical solution of the relativistic nonlinear Schrödinger equations for the laser envelopes as well as three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. In the case with two ultrashort laser pulses when laser wakefields are excited, it is shown that the two wake bubbles driven by the laser pulses can spiral and oscillate around each other in a way similar to the two pulses. This can be well controlled by adjusting the incidence angle and separation distance between the two laser pulses. Preliminary studies show that externally injected electron beams can follow the trajectories of the oscillating bubbles. Our studies suggest a new way to control the coupling of two intense lasers in plasma for various applications, such as electron acceleration and radiation generation.

Mitigating the relativistic laser beam filamentation via an elliptical beam profile

It is shown that the filamentation instability of relativistically intense laser pulses in plasmas can be mitigated in the case where the laser beam has an elliptically distributed beam profile. A high-power elliptical Gaussian laser beam would break up into a regular filamentation pattern-in contrast to the randomly distributed filaments of a circularly distributed laser beam-and much more laser power would be concentrated in the central region. A highly elliptically distributed laser beam experiences anisotropic self-focusing and diffraction processes in the plasma channel ensuring that the unstable diffractive rings of the circular case cannot be produced. The azimuthal modulational instability is thereby suppressed. These findings are verified by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.

Interactive dynamics of two copropagating laser beams in underdense plasmas

The interaction of two copropagating laser beams with crossed polarization in the underdense plasmas has been investigated analytically with the variational approach and numerically. The coupled envelope equations of the two beams include both the relativistic mass correction and the ponderomotive force effect. It is found that the relativistic effect always plays the role of beam attraction, while the ponderomotive force can play both the beam attraction and beam repulsion, depending upon the beam diameters and their transverse separation. In certain conditions, the two beam centers oscillate transversely around a propagation axis. In this case, the ponderomotive effect can lead to a higher oscillation frequency than that accounting for the relativistic effect only. The interaction of two beams decreases the threshold power for self-focusing of the single beam. A strong self-trapping beam can channel a weak one.

Self-focusing and merging of two copropagating laser beams in underdense plasma

The propagation of two laser beams copropagating in underdense plasma has been studied numerically by solving their coupled envelope equations. It shows that two beams can merge each other, or split into three beams, or propagate with unstable trajectories, depending upon their power and initial beam separation. During the merging process, strong emission of radiation is observed. It also shows that the density cavitation channels due to the transverse ponderomotive force of the beams tend to trap them inside and prevent them from merging each other.