1
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Denoeud A, Hernandez JA, Vinci T, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Brygoo S, Berlioux A, Lefevre F, Sollier A, Videau L, Ravasio A, Guarguaglini M, Duthoit L, Loison D, Brambrink E. X-ray powder diffraction in reflection geometry on multi-beam kJ-type laser facilities. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:013902. [PMID: 33514214 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An ultrafast x-ray powder diffraction setup for laser-driven dynamic compression has been developed at the LULI2000 laser facility. X-ray diffraction is performed in reflection geometry from a quasi-monochromatic laser-generated plasma x-ray source. In comparison to a transmission geometry setup, this configuration allows us to probe only a small portion of the compressed sample, as well as to shield the detectors against the x-rays generated by the laser-plasma interaction on the front side of the target. Thus, this new platform facilitates probing of spatially and temporarily uniform thermodynamic conditions and enables us to study samples of a large range of atomic numbers, thicknesses, and compression dynamics. As a proof-of-concept, we report direct structural measurements of the bcc-hcp transition both in shock and ramp-compressed polycrystalline iron with diffraction signals recorded between 2θ ∼ 30° and ∼150°. In parallel, the pressure and temperature history of probed samples is measured by rear-side visible diagnostics (velocimetry and pyrometry).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Denoeud
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - J-A Hernandez
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - T Vinci
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Benuzzi-Mounaix
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Brygoo
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - A Berlioux
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Lefevre
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Sollier
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - L Videau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - A Ravasio
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Guarguaglini
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - L Duthoit
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - D Loison
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - E Brambrink
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
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2
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Anwar MI, Iqbal M, Hwang BJ, Faiyaz M, Mun BS, Janulewicz KA, Noh DY. Ultrafast x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy of Fe 3O 4 using a laboratory based femtosecond x-ray source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:6030-6036. [PMID: 30876196 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast time-resolved x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) experiment was performed on a magnetite (Fe3O4) film using a femtosecond laser plasma x-ray source delivering Bremsstrahlung radiation. Ultrafast temporal evolution of the XANES of Fe3O4 following an excitation by an infra-red (IR) laser pulse was observed in a pump-probe scheme. The Fe K x-ray absorption edge shifts towards low energy upon IR excitation as much as 12 eV, which is mainly attributed to the charge transfer between the Fe ions. The shift in the absorption edge occurred within about 150 fs, typical time of non-thermal electronic redistribution. The charge transfer also causes an ultrafast increase in the IR transmission in the similar time scale.
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3
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McKeever K, Makita M, Nersisyan G, Dzelzainis T, White S, Kettle B, Dromey B, Zepf M, Sarri G, Doria D, Ahmed H, Lewis CLS, Riley D, Robinson APL. Fast-electron refluxing effects on anisotropic hard-x-ray emission from intense laser-plasma interactions. Phys Rev E 2015; 91:033107. [PMID: 25871224 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.033107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fast-electron generation and dynamics, including electron refluxing, is at the core of understanding high-intensity laser-plasma interactions. This field is itself of strong relevance to fast ignition fusion and the development of new short-pulse, intense, x-ray, γ-ray, and particle sources. In this paper, we describe experiments that explicitly link fast-electron refluxing and anisotropy in hard-x-ray emission. We find the anisotropy in x-ray emission to be strongly correlated to the suppression of refluxing. In contrast to some previous work, the peak of emission is directly along the rear normal to the target rather than along either the incident laser direction or the specular reflection direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McKeever
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Makita
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - G Nersisyan
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - T Dzelzainis
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S White
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - B Kettle
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - B Dromey
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Zepf
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - G Sarri
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D Doria
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - H Ahmed
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - C L S Lewis
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D Riley
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A P L Robinson
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 OQX, United Kingdom
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4
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Shayganmanesh M, Mahdieh M. Numerical evaluation of Kα X-ray yield from shocked multi-layer targets irradiated by ultra-short pulsed laser beam. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Inoue S, Tokita S, Otani K, Hashida M, Hata M, Sakagami H, Taguchi T, Sakabe S. Autocorrelation measurement of fast electron pulses emitted through the interaction of femtosecond laser pulses with a solid target. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:185001. [PMID: 23215285 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.185001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the first direct measurement of the emission duration of laser-accelerated fast electrons from the surface of a solid target irradiated by a high-intensity femtosecond laser pulse. The emission duration is determined by autocorrelation measurement using the Coulomb repulsive forces that act on two equivalent electron pulses. The emission duration depends on the laser pulse duration for laser pulses of 200-690 fs. Numerical modeling of three-dimensional charged particle dynamics indicates that the emission duration of fast electrons is almost equal to the duration of the laser pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Inoue
- Advanced Research Center for Beam Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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6
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Nersisyan G, Makita M, McKeever K, Dzelzainis T, White S, Nedanovska E, Kettle B, Nicholl R, Williams G, Riley D, Lewis CLS. Electron refluxing and K-shell line emission from Ti foils irradiated with subpicosecond laser pulses at 527 nm. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:056415. [PMID: 23004887 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.056415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present data on emission of K-shell radiation from Ti foils irradiated with subpicosecond pulses of second harmonic radiation (527 nm) from the TARANIS laser system at intensities of up to 10(18) W cm(-2). The data are used to demonstrate that a resonance absorption type mechanism is responsible for absorption of the laser light and to estimate fast electron temperatures of 30-60 keV that are in broad agreement with expectation from models of absorption for a steep density gradient. Data taken with resin-backed targets are used to demonstrate clear evidence of electron refluxing even at the modest fast electron temperatures inferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nersisyan
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
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7
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Zamponi F, Lübcke A, Kämpfer T, Uschmann I, Förster E, Robinson APL, Giulietti A, Köster P, Labate L, Levato T, Gizzi LA. Directional bremsstrahlung from a Ti laser-produced x-ray source at relativistic intensities in the 3-12 keV range. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:085001. [PMID: 20868103 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Front and rear side x-ray emission from thin titanium foils irradiated by ultraintense laser pulses at intensities up to ≈5 × 10(19) W/cm2 was measured using a high-resolution imaging system. Significant differences in intensity, dimension, and spectrum between front and rear side emission intensity in the 3-12 keV photon energy range was found even for 5 μm thin Ti foils. Simulations and analysis of space-resolved spectra explain this behavior in terms of directional bremsstrahlung emission from fast electrons generated during the interaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zamponi
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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8
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Nishikino M, Sato K, Hasegawa N, Ishino M, Ohshima S, Okano Y, Kawachi T, Numasaki H, Teshima T, Nishimura H. Note: Application of laser produced plasma K alpha x-ray probe in radiation biology. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:026107. [PMID: 20192524 DOI: 10.1063/1.3302827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A dedicated radiation biology x-ray generation and exposure system has been developed. 8.0 keV in energy x-ray pulses generated with a femtosecond-laser pulse was used to irradiate sample cells through a custom-made culture dish with a silicon nitride membrane. The x-ray irradiation resulted in DNA double-strand breaks in the nucleus of a culture cell that were similar to those obtained with a conventional x-ray source, thus demonstrating the feasibility of radiobiological studies utilizing a single burst of x-rays focused on single cell specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Nishikino
- Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Advanced Photon Research Center, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan.
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9
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Chen H, Shepherd R, Chung HK, Kemp A, Hansen SB, Wilks SC, Ping Y, Widmann K, Fournier KB, Dyer G, Faenov A, Pikuz T, Beiersdorfer P. Fast-electron-relaxation measurement for laser-solid interaction at relativistic laser intensities. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:056402. [PMID: 18233771 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.056402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of the fast-electron-relaxation time in short-pulse (0.5 ps) laser-solid interactions for laser intensities of 10(17), 10(18), and 10(19) Wcm2, using a picosecond time-resolved x-ray spectrometer and a time-integrated electron spectrometer. We find that the laser coupling to hot electrons increases as the laser intensity becomes relativistic, and that the thermalization of fast electrons occurs over time scales on the order of 10 ps at all laser intensities. The experimental data are analyzed using a combination of models that include Kalpha generation, collisional coupling, and plasma expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Physics and Advanced Technologies, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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10
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Reich C, Laperle CM, Li X, Ahr B, Benesch F, Rose-Petruck CG. Ultrafast x-ray pulses emitted from a liquid mercury laser target. OPTICS LETTERS 2007; 32:427-9. [PMID: 17356675 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of ultrashort, hard-x-ray pulses from a liquid mercury target irradiated by 5 kHz laser pulses. The new x-ray source is designed for time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy as well as imaging applications. This marks the first laser-driven plasma x-ray source that continuously recycles the target material, facilitating maintenance-free operation. Theoretical calculations show mercury targets emit shorter x-ray pulses than targets of lighter elements under identical illumination and x-ray detection conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Reich
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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11
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Khattak FY, Percie du Sert OAMB, Riley D, Foster PS, Divall EJ, Hooker CJ, Langley AJ, Smith J, Gibbon P. Comparison of experimental and simulated Kalpha yield for 400 nm ultrashort pulse laser irradiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 74:027401. [PMID: 17025569 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.74.027401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ti Kalpha emission yields from foils irradiated with approximately 45 fs, p-polarized pulses of a frequency-doubled Ti:sapphire laser are presented. A simple model invoking vacuum heating to predict absorption and hot electron temperature was coupled with the cross section for K -shell ionization of Ti and the Bethe-Bloch stopping power equation for electrons. The peak predicted Kalpha emission was in generally good agreement with experiment. This contrasts strongly with previous work at the fundamental frequency. Similar predictions using particle-in-cell (PIC) code simulation to estimate the number and temperature of hot electrons also gave good agreement for yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Khattak
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University of Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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12
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Uschmann I, Nothelle U, Förster E, Arkadiev V, Langhoff N, Antonov A, Grigorieva I, Steinkopf R, Gebhardt A. High efficiency, high quality x-ray optic based on ellipsoidally bent highly oriented pyrolytic graphite crystal for ultrafast x-ray diffraction experiments. APPLIED OPTICS 2005; 44:5069-75. [PMID: 16121791 DOI: 10.1364/ao.44.005069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
By the use of a thin highly oriented pyrolytic graphite crystal (HOPG) bent to a high-performance ellipsoidal shape it was possible to focus monochromatic x-rays of 4.5 keV photon energy with an efficiency of 0.0033, which is 30 times larger than for previously used bent crystals. Isotropic Ti K alpha radiation of a 150 microm source was focused onto a 450 microm spot. The size of the focal spot can be explained by broadening due to the mosaic crystal rocking curve. The rocking curve width (FWHM) of the thin graphite foil was determined to 0.11 degrees. The estimated temporal broadening of an ultrashort K alpha pulse by the crystal is not larger than 300 fs. These properties make the x-ray optic very attractive for ultrafast time-resolved x-ray measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Uschmann
- Institut för Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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13
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Riley D, Angulo-Gareta JJ, Khattak FY, Lamb MJ, Foster PS, Divall EJ, Hooker CJ, Langley AJ, Clarke RJ, Neely D. Kalpha yields from Ti foils irradiated with ultrashort laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 71:016406. [PMID: 15697734 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.016406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the emission of Kalpha radiation from Ti foils irradiated with ultrashort (45 fs) laser pulses. We utilized the fundamental (800 nm) light from a Ti:sapphire laser on bare foils and foils coated with a thin layer of parylene E (CH). The focusing was varied widely to give a range of intensities from approximately 10(15) - 10(19) W cm(-2). Our results show a conversion efficiency of laser to Kalpha energy of approximately 10(-4) at tight focus for both types of targets. In addition, the coated targets exhibited strong secondary peaks of conversion at large defocus, which we believe are due to modification of the extent of preformed plasma due to the dielectric nature of the plastic layer. This in turn affects the level of resonance absorption. A simple model of Kalpha production predicts a much higher conversion than seen experimentally and possible reasons for this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Riley
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University of Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland.
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14
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Reich C, Uschmann I, Ewald F, Düsterer S, Lübcke A, Schwoerer H, Sauerbrey R, Förster E, Gibbon P. Spatial characteristics of Kalpha x-ray emission from relativistic femtosecond laser plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 68:056408. [PMID: 14682895 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.68.056408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2003] [Revised: 07/30/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The spatial structure of the Kalpha emission from Ti targets irradiated with a high intensity femtosecond laser has been studied using a two-dimensional monochromatic imaging technique. For laser intensities I<5 x 10(17) W/cm(2), the observed spatial structure of the Kalpha emission can be explained by the scattering of the hot electrons inside the solid with the help of a hybrid particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo model. By contrast, at the maximum laser intensity I=7 x 10(18) W/cm(2) the half-width of the Kalpha emission was 70 microm compared to a laser-focus half-width of 3 microm. Moreover, the main Kalpha peak was surrounded by a halo of weak Kalpha emission with a diameter of 400 microm and the Kalpha intensity at the source center did not increase with increasing laser intensity. These three features point to the existence of strong self-induced fields, which redirect the hot electrons over the target surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Reich
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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15
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Sokolowski-Tinten K, Blome C, Blums J, Cavalleri A, Dietrich C, Tarasevitch A, Uschmann I, Förster E, Kammler M, Horn-von-Hoegen M, von der Linde D. Femtosecond X-ray measurement of coherent lattice vibrations near the Lindemann stability limit. Nature 2003; 422:287-9. [PMID: 12646915 DOI: 10.1038/nature01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2002] [Accepted: 02/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The study of phase-transition dynamics in solids beyond a time-averaged kinetic description requires direct measurement of the changes in the atomic configuration along the physical pathways leading to the new phase. The timescale of interest is in the range 10(-14) to 10(-12) s. Until recently, only optical techniques were capable of providing adequate time resolution, albeit with indirect sensitivity to structural arrangement. Ultrafast laser-induced changes of long-range order have recently been directly established for some materials using time-resolved X-ray diffraction. However, the measurement of the atomic displacements within the unit cell, as well as their relationship with the stability limit of a structural phase, has to date remained obscure. Here we report time-resolved X-ray diffraction measurements of the coherent atomic displacement of the lattice atoms in photoexcited bismuth close to a phase transition. Excitation of large-amplitude coherent optical phonons gives rise to a periodic modulation of the X-ray diffraction efficiency. Stronger excitation corresponding to atomic displacements exceeding 10 per cent of the nearest-neighbour distance-near the Lindemann limit-leads to a subsequent loss of long-range order, which is most probably due to melting of the material.
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