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Jiang C, Nie H, Chen M, Shen X, Xu L. Achieving Environmentally-Adaptive and Multifunctional Hydrodynamic Metamaterials through Active Control. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313986. [PMID: 38507727 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
As hydrodynamic metamaterials continue to develop, the inherent limitations of passive-mode metamaterials become increasingly apparent. First, passive devices are typically designed for specific environments and lack the adaptability to environmental changes. Second, their unique functions often rely on intricate structures, or challenging material properties, or a combination of both. These limitations considerably hinder the potential applications of hydrodynamic metamaterials. In this study, an active-mode hydrodynamic metamaterial is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated by incorporating source-and-sink flow-dipoles into the system, enabling active manipulation of the flow field with various functionalities. By adjusting the magnitude and direction of the flow-dipole moment, this device can easily achieve invisibility, flow shielding, and flow enhancing. Furthermore, it is environmentally adaptive and can maintain proper functions in different environments. It is anticipated that this design will significantly enhance tunability and adaptability of hydrodynamic metamaterials in complex and ever-changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Jiang
- The Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Haoran Nie
- The Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- The Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiangying Shen
- The Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lei Xu
- The Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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2
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Ge WX, Ogundare RT, Gao L. Enhancement of near-field thermal radiation between composite materials with gradient plasmonic nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5020-5026. [PMID: 38258474 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05681c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) with composite materials is of significant technological interest for practical applications. In this study, we investigate the NFRHT occurring between two composite materials composed of gradient plasmonic nanoparticles (GPNs). We delve into the physical mechanism underlying NFRHT, highlighting the strong coupling and enhancement effect from surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the composite/air interface or the localized SPPs (LSPPs) on the surface of nanoparticles. Furthermore, leveraging the red-shift effect caused by the gradient profile, the intensity of NFRHT can be controlled by adjusting the gradient function and volume fraction of GPNs. Notably, we observe the enhancement of NFRHT from composite materials to bulk materials, with the enhancement ratio exhibiting a notable increase at large spacing. This research establishes a theoretical foundation for the development of near-field thermal devices utilizing composite materials containing GPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Ge
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Suzhou City University & Suzhou Key Laboratory of Biophotonics, Suzhou 215104, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Rasheed Toyin Ogundare
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Suzhou City University & Suzhou Key Laboratory of Biophotonics, Suzhou 215104, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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3
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Lee B, Lee JS, Yoon HJ, Hong SH, Song JK. Generation and manipulation of isotropic droplets in nematic medium using switchable dielectrophoresis. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:012704. [PMID: 32069560 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.012704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) in a medium with anisotropic dielectric susceptibility is very different from typical DEP in an isotropic medium: The direction of particle actuation can be switched depending on the direction of the susceptibility tensor of the medium. However, the understanding of switchable DEP (SDEP) in an anisotropic medium is still in its infant stage. Here, we investigate SDEP using heat-generated isotropic droplets in a nematic liquid crystal (LC) medium. We demonstrate that the location of the generation of isotropic droplets can be partially controlled by controlling the temperature gradient within the LC cell using dielectric loss. The SDEP actuation of isotropic droplets is also highly dependent on the location of the isotropic droplets. Using this method, we fabricated different array patterns of isotropic and nematic phase separations under different applied signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomi Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seo Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Yoon
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea.,Merck Performance Materials Ltd., Pyeongtaek 17956, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Hong
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Kun Song
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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Broche LM, Hoettges KF, Ogin SL, Kass GEN, Hughes MP. Rapid, automated measurement of dielectrophoretic forces using DEP-activated microwells. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2393-9. [PMID: 21800330 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a physical effect that generates a force on polarisable particles experiencing a non-homogeneous electric field; studying the effect as a function of frequency allows the determination of the electrical properties of that particle, i.e., the electrical permittivity and conductivity. In the past, DEP-based techniques applied to the measurement of one or several cells at a time have been subject to many sources of noise, which result in an ambiguous or inaccurate result. However, improvements are possible by generating more information from the experiments. In this paper, we present a rapid automated system that measures the DEP spectrum from a large population of cells with a low level of noise using the microwell electrodes, based on a method of analysis that provides additional information about the electrical properties of the cells and a new theoretical approach was developed to obtain accurate, bias-free results in <5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel M Broche
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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5
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Basuray S, Chang HC. Designing a sensitive and quantifiable nanocolloid assay with dielectrophoretic crossover frequencies. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2010; 4:13205. [PMID: 20644668 PMCID: PMC2905265 DOI: 10.1063/1.3294575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoretic nanocolloid assay is a promising technique for sensitive molecular detection and identification, as target molecule hybridization onto the probe-functionalized nanocolloids can change their surface conductance and consequently their dielectrophoretic crossover frequencies. Thus, instead of relying on surface charge density increase after hybridization, as in many capacitive and field effect transistor impedance sensing techniques, the current assay utilizes the much larger surface conductance (and dielectrophoresis crossover frequency) changes to effect sensitive detection. Herein, we present a Poisson-Boltzmann theory for surfaces with finite-size molecular probes that include the surface probe conformation, their contribution to surface charge with a proper delineation of the slip and Stern planes. The theory shows that the most sensitive nanocolloid molecular sensor corresponds to a minimum in the dielectrophoretic crossover frequency with respect to the bulk concentration of the molecular probes (oligonucleotides in our case) during nanocolloid functionalization. This minimum yields the lowest number of functionalized probes that are also fully stretched because of surface probe-probe interaction. Our theory provides the surface-bulk oligonucleotide concentration isotherm and a folding number for the surface oligonucleotide conformation from the crossover frequency, the zeta potential, and the hydrodynamic radius data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Basuray
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Hoffman PD, Sarangapani PS, Zhu Y. Dielectrophoresis and AC-induced assembly in binary colloidal suspensions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:12164-71. [PMID: 18842062 DOI: 10.1021/la8013392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoretic behaviors and assembly of a binary suspension in aqueous media are examined in the presence of nonuniform alternating current (AC) electric field. A peculiar low-frequency threshold and dielectrophoresis (DEP) crossover frequency determine the applicable frequency window for binary assembly under positive DEP, which can be effectively tuned by medium conductivity and particle size, suggesting that the dynamic double-layer effect is responsible for the interfacial polarization of micrometer to submicrometer-sized particles in aqueous suspensions. Strong effects of AC-field frequency, medium conductivity, and size ratio on binary assembly morphology have been observed. A frequency-medium conductivity phase diagram is obtained to illustrate the morphological transition of assembled colloidal aggregates from segregated, ordered assemblies to inverted segregation with the appearance of amorphous phases upon increasing frequency and/or medium conductivity, which is a direct consequence of the competition between DEP and hydrodynamic mobility. Significantly, our results demonstrate a rapid method to form hybrid nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Hoffman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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7
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Velev OD, Bhatt KH. On-chip micromanipulation and assembly of colloidal particles by electric fields. SOFT MATTER 2006; 2:738-750. [PMID: 32680214 DOI: 10.1039/b605052b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We overview the ways in which electric fields can be used for on-chip manipulation and assembly of colloidal particles. Particles suspended in water readily respond to alternating (AC) or direct current (DC) electric fields. Charged particles in DC fields are moved towards oppositely charged electrodes by electrophoresis. Dielectrophoresis, particle mobility in AC fields, allows precise manipulation of particles through a range of parameters including field strength and frequency and electrode geometry. Simultaneously, DC or AC electrokinetics may drive liquid flows inside the experimental cells, which also leads to transport and redistribution of the suspended particles. Examples of dielectrophoretic manipulation and assembly of nanoparticles and microparticles by planar on-chip electrodes are presented. The structures assembled include conductive microwires from metallic nanoparticles and switchable two-dimensional crystals from polymer microspheres. We also discuss how dielectrophoresis and AC electrokinetics can be used in droplet-based microfluidic chips, biosensors, and devices for collection of particles from diluted suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlin D Velev
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Ketan H Bhatt
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Salonen E, Terama E, Vattulainen I, Karttunen M. Dielectrophoresis of nanocolloids: a molecular dynamics study. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2005; 18:133-42. [PMID: 16195818 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2004-10157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP), the motion of polarizable particles in non-uniform electric fields, has become an important tool for the transport, separation, and characterization of microparticles in biomedical and nanoelectronics research. In this article we present, to our knowledge, the first molecular dynamics simulations of DEP of nanometer-sized colloidal particles. We introduce a simplified model for a polarizable nanoparticle, consisting of a large charged macroion and oppositely charged microions, in an explicit solvent. The model is then used to study DEP motion of the particle at different combinations of temperature and electric field strength. In accord with linear response theory, the particle drift velocities are shown to be proportional to the DEP force. Analysis of the colloid DEP mobility shows a clear time dependence, demonstrating the variation of friction under non-equilibrium. The time dependence of the mobility further results in an apparent weak variation of the DEP displacements with temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Salonen
- Biological Physics and Soft Matter Group, Laboratory of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland.
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9
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Huang JP, Yu KW. Interparticle force in electrorheological solids: many-body dipole-induced dipole model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 70:061401. [PMID: 15697356 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.70.061401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
One often investigates electrorheological (ER) solids by using the point-dipole (PD) approximation, which, however, is known to err considerably for touching particles due to the existence of many-body (local-field) effects and multipolar interactions. Beyond the PD model, previous attempts have been restricted to either local-field effects only or multipolar interactions only, but not both. In the present work, we have developed a many-body dipole-induced dipole model for an ER solid the lattice structure of which can be changed due to the application of external fields, in an attempt to take into account both local-field effects and multipolar interactions. The results show that the multipolar interaction can indeed be dominant over the dipolar interaction, while the local-field effect may yield an important correction. Also, the results are well understood with the aid of spectral representation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Huang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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10
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Force acting on the microparticles in electrorheological solids under the application of a nonuniform ac electric field. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Huang JP, Karttunen M, Yu KW, Dong L, Gu GQ. Electrokinetic behavior of two touching inhomogeneous biological cells and colloidal particles: effects of multipolar interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 69:051402. [PMID: 15244819 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.051402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2003] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a theory to investigate electrokinetic behavior, namely, electrorotation and dielectrophoresis under alternating current (ac) applied fields for a pair of touching inhomogeneous colloidal particles and biological cells. These inhomogeneous particles are treated as graded ones with physically motivated model dielectric and conductivity profiles. The mutual polarization interaction between the particles yields a change in their respective dipole moments, and hence in the ac electrokinetic spectra. The multipolar interactions between polarized particles are accurately captured by the multiple images method. In the point-dipole limit, our theory reproduces the known results. We find that the multipolar interactions as well as the spatial fluctuations inside the particles can affect the ac electrokinetic spectra significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Huang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong and Biophysics and Statistical Mechanics Group, Helsinki University of Technology, P O Box 9203, Helsinki FIN-02015 HUT, Finland
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12
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Huang JP, Yu KW, Gu GQ, Karttunen M. Electrorotation in graded colloidal suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 67:051405. [PMID: 12786150 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.051405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biological cells can be treated as composites of graded material inclusions. In addition to biomaterials, graded composites are important in more traditional materials science. In this paper, we investigate the electrorotation spectrum of a graded colloidal suspension in an attempt to discuss its dielectric properties. For that, we use the recently obtained differential effective dipole approximation and generalize it for nonspherical particles. We find that variations in the conductivity profile may make the characteristic frequency redshifted and have also an effect on the rotation peak. On the other hand, variations in the dielectric profile may enhance the rotation peak, but do not have any significant effect on the characteristic frequency. In the end, we apply our theory to fit experimental data obtained for yeast cells and find good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Huang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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