1
|
Guo Y, Du Y, Gao H, Tan M, Zhao T, Jia Z, Chang P, Wang L. Chaos Synchronization of Integrated Five-Section Semiconductor Lasers. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:405. [PMID: 38785654 PMCID: PMC11120428 DOI: 10.3390/e26050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
We proposed and verified a scheme of chaos synchronization for integrated five-section semiconductor lasers with matching parameters. The simulation results demonstrated that the integrated five-section semiconductor laser could generate a chaotic signal within a large parameter range of the driving currents of five sections. Subsequently, chaos synchronization between two integrated five-section semiconductor lasers with matched parameters was realized by using a common noise signal as a driver. Moreover, it was found that the synchronization was sensitive to the current mismatch in all five sections, indicating that the driving currents of the five sections could be used as keys of chaotic optical communication. Therefore, this synchronization scheme provides a candidate to increase the dimension of key space and enhances the security of the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.D.); (M.T.); (T.Z.); (Z.J.); (P.C.); (L.W.)
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yao Du
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.D.); (M.T.); (T.Z.); (Z.J.); (P.C.); (L.W.)
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Hua Gao
- College of Information Engineering, Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
| | - Min Tan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.D.); (M.T.); (T.Z.); (Z.J.); (P.C.); (L.W.)
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.D.); (M.T.); (T.Z.); (Z.J.); (P.C.); (L.W.)
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhiwei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.D.); (M.T.); (T.Z.); (Z.J.); (P.C.); (L.W.)
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Pengfa Chang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.D.); (M.T.); (T.Z.); (Z.J.); (P.C.); (L.W.)
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Longsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.D.); (M.T.); (T.Z.); (Z.J.); (P.C.); (L.W.)
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Erneux T, Kovalev AV, Viktorov EA. Short delay limit of the delayed Duffing oscillator. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:064201. [PMID: 38243448 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.064201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The delayed Duffing equation, x^{″}+ɛx^{'}+x+x^{3}+cx(t-τ)=0, admits a Hopf bifurcation which becomes singular in the limit ɛ→0 and τ=O(ɛ)→0. To resolve this singularity, we develop an asymptotic theory where x(t-τ) is Taylor expanded in powers of τ. We derive a minimal system of ordinary differential equations that captures the Hopf bifurcation branch of the original delay differential equation. An unexpected result of our analysis is the necessity of expanding x(t-τ) up to third order rather than first order. Our work is motivated by laser stability problems exhibiting the same bifurcation problem as the delayed Duffing oscillator [Kovalev et al., Phys. Rev. E 103, 042206 (2021)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.103.042206]. Here we substantiate our theory based on the short delay limit by showing the overlap (matching) between our solution and two different asymptotic solutions derived for arbitrary fixed delays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Erneux
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Optique Nonlinéaire Théorique, Campus Plaine C.P. 231, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Anton V Kovalev
- ITMO University, Birzhevaya Liniya 14, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Viktorov
- ITMO University, Birzhevaya Liniya 14, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Influence of Radiative and Non-Radiative Recombination Lifetimes and Feedback Strength on the States and Relative Intensity Noise of Laser Diode. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9080541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A systematic treatment of the influence of the optical feedback (OFB) and the ratio of the radiative and the non-radiative recombination lifetime (τr/τnr) on the relative intensity noise (RIN) and the system dynamics of a semiconductor laser (SL) is presented. We found that the ratio τr/τnr causes a significant change in the intensity of noise, states, and route to chaos of such a system. Laser transit from a continuous wave (CW) to a periodic oscillation (PO) becomes faster in terms of the OFB strength by increasing the ratio τr/τnr. The route to chaos was identified in three distinct operating regions, namely, PO, period doubling (PD), and sub-harmonics (SH), which are dependent on the ratio τr/τnr, and injection current. In the route to chaos regime, the ratio τr/τnr triggers a slight shift in the frequency with reference to the frequency of the solitary laser. At upmost levels of the current, the highest value of the ratio τr/τnr stabilizes the laser and stimulates it to operate in CW or PO. In the strong OFB region, when the ratio τr/τnr increases, the chaotic operation changed to CW or PO operation and RIN is suppressed close to the quantum noise level.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kovalev AV, Viktorov EA, Erneux T. Short-delayed-feedback semiconductor lasers. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:042206. [PMID: 34006008 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.042206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We consider the laser rate equations describing the evolution of a semiconductor laser subject to an optoelectronic feedback. We concentrate on the first Hopf bifurcation induced by a short delay and develop an asymptotic theory where the delayed variable is Taylor expanded. We determine a nearly vertical branch of strongly nonlinear oscillations and derive ordinary differential equations that capture the bifurcation properties of the original delay differential equations. An unexpected result is the need for Taylor expanding the delayed variable up to third order rather than first order. We discuss recent laser experiments where sustained oscillations have been clearly observed with a short-delayed feedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton V Kovalev
- ITMO University, Birzhevaya Liniya 14, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Viktorov
- ITMO University, Birzhevaya Liniya 14, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Thomas Erneux
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Optique Nonlinéaire Théorique, Campus Plaine C.P. 231, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Modulation Bandwidth Enhancement of Monolithically Integrated Mutually Coupled Distributed Feedback Laser. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10124375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Modulation bandwidth enhancement of directly modulated semiconductor lasers (DMLs) has attracted broad interest to accommodate the tremendously growing demand for network traffic. In this paper, a monolithically integrated mutually coupled (IMC) laser for the O-band is demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. The direct modulation bandwidth was enhanced utilizing a photon–photon resonance (PPR) effect based on the mutual injection-locking technique. The IMC laser consisted of two distributed feedback (DFB) laser sections with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) section in between. The relationship between the PPR frequency and SOA length was analyzed numerically to achieve a flat modulation response by optimizing the SOA length. Then, an enhanced 3-dB bandwidth of 38.7 GHz was realized experimentally, a nearly threefold enhancement over the modulation bandwidth of a solitary DFB laser at the same bias. Moreover, clear open eyes up to 40 Gb/s transmission over a 25-km single-mode fiber were achieved. Although the dynamic extinction ratio of the eye diagram was 1.1 dB, it can be further improved by increasing the mutual injection locking range of the IMC laser.
Collapse
|
6
|
A Monolithically Integrated Laser-Photodetector Chip for On-Chip Photonic and Microwave Signal Generation. PHOTONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics6040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An Indium-phosphide-based monolithically integrated photonic chip comprising of an amplified feedback laser (AFL) and a photodetector was designed and fabricated for on-chip photonic and microwave generation. Various waveforms including single tone, multi-tone, and chaotic signal generation were demonstrated by simply adjusting the injection currents applied to the controlling electrodes. The evolution dynamics of the photonic chip was characterized. Photonic microwave with frequency separation tunable from 26.3 GHz to 34 GHz, chaotic signal with standard bandwidth of 12 GHz were obtained. An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) based on the integrated photonic chip was demonstrated without using any external electrical filter and photodetector. Tunable microwave outputs ranging from 25.5 to 26.4 GHz with single sideband (SSB) phase noise less than −90 dBc/Hz at a 10-kHz offset from the carrier frequency were realized.
Collapse
|
7
|
Holzinger S, Schneider C, Höfling S, Porte X, Reitzenstein S. Quantum-dot micropillar lasers subject to coherent time-delayed optical feedback from a short external cavity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:631. [PMID: 30679506 PMCID: PMC6345807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the mode-switching dynamics of an electrically driven bimodal quantum-dot micropillar laser when subject to delayed coherent optical feedback from a short external cavity. We experimentally characterize how the external cavity length, being on the same order than the microlaser's coherence length, influences the spectral and dynamical properties of the micropillar laser. Moreover, we determine the relaxation oscillation frequency of the micropillar by superimposing optical pulse injection to a dc current. It is found that the optical pulse can be used to disturb the feedback-coupled laser within one roundtrip time in such a way that it reaches the same output power as if no feedback was present. Our results do not only expand the understanding of microlasers when subject to optical feedback from short external cavities, but pave the way towards tailoring the properties of this key nanophotonic system for studies in the quantum regime of self-feedback and its implementation to integrated photonic circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Holzinger
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Quantum Devices Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Xavier Porte
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Quantum Devices Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephan Reitzenstein
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Quantum Devices Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Friart G, Van der Sande G, Khoder M, Erneux T, Verschaffelt G. Stability of steady and periodic states through the bifurcation bridge mechanism in semiconductor ring lasers subject to optical feedback. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:339-350. [PMID: 28085828 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of new applications using semiconductor ring lasers (SRLs) subject to optical feedback, the stability properties of their outputs becomes a crucial issue. We propose a systematic bifurcation analysis in order to properly identify the best parameter ranges for either steady or self-pulsating periodic regimes. Unlike conventional semiconductor lasers, we show that SRLs exhibit both types of outputs for large and well defined ranges of the feedback strength. We determine the stability domains in terms of the pump parameter and the feedback phase. We find that the feedback phase is a key parameter to achieve a stable steady output. We demonstrate that the self-pulsating regime results from a particular Hopf bifurcation mechanism referred to as bifurcation bridges. These bridges connect two distinct external cavity modes and are fully stable, a scenario that was not possible for diode lasers under the same conditions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Karsaklian Dal Bosco A, Kanno K, Uchida A, Sciamanna M, Harayama T, Yoshimura K. Cycles of self-pulsations in a photonic integrated circuit. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:062905. [PMID: 26764772 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.062905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report experimentally on the bifurcation cascade leading to the appearance of self-pulsation in a photonic integrated circuit in which a laser diode is subjected to delayed optical feedback. We study the evolution of the self-pulsing frequency with the increase of both the feedback strength and the injection current. Experimental observations show good qualitative accordance with numerical results carried out with the Lang-Kobayashi rate equation model. We explain the mechanism underlying the self-pulsations by a phenomenon of beating between successive pairs of external cavity modes and antimodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Karsaklian Dal Bosco
- Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kanno
- Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Department of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Atsushi Uchida
- Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Marc Sciamanna
- Centrale-Supélec, OPTEL Research Group, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photoniques et Systèmes (LMOPS) EA-4423, 2 rue Édouard Belin F-57070 Metz, France
| | - Takahisa Harayama
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato, Wakamiya, Atsugi-Shi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Yoshimura
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato, Wakamiya, Atsugi-Shi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Toomey JP, Kane DM, McMahon C, Argyris A, Syvridis D. Integrated semiconductor laser with optical feedback: transition from short to long cavity regime. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:18754-18762. [PMID: 26191935 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.018754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A 4-section semiconductor laser with integrated optical feedback has been shown experimentally to be capable of operating in either the short- or long-cavity regime, by controlling the device relaxation oscillation frequency relative to the external cavity frequency. Systematic increase of the laser injection current, and the resulting increase in relaxation oscillation frequency, allowed the transition between the two regimes of operation to be observed. The system displayed a gradual transition from a dynamic dominated by regular pulse packages in the short-cavity regime to one dominated by broadband chaotic output when operating in the long-cavity regime. This suggests that the "short cavity" regular pulse packages continue to co-exist with the "long cavity" broadband chaotic dynamic in the system studied. It is the relative power associated with each of these dynamics that changes. This may occur more generally in similar systems.
Collapse
|
11
|
Takahashi R, Akizawa Y, Uchida A, Harayama T, Tsuzuki K, Sunada S, Arai K, Yoshimura K, Davis P. Fast physical random bit generation with photonic integrated circuits with different external cavity lengths for chaos generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:11727-11740. [PMID: 24921295 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.011727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We generate random bit sequences from chaotic temporal waveforms by using photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with different external cavity lengths. We investigate the condition for generating random bits at different sampling rates of single-bit generation method with the PICs. We succeed in generating certified random bit sequences by using the PIC with 3, 4, 5, or 10-mm-long external cavity, whereas random bits cannot pass all the statistical tests of randomness when the PIC with 1 or 2 mm-long external cavity is used.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pimenov A, Viktorov EA, Hegarty SP, Habruseva T, Huyet G, Rachinskii D, Vladimirov AG. Bistability and hysteresis in an optically injected two-section semiconductor laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:052903. [PMID: 25353857 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.052903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of coherent single frequency injection on two-section semiconductor lasers is studied numerically using a model based on a set of delay differential equations. The existence of bistability between different continuous-wave and nonstationary regimes of operation is demonstrated in the case of sufficiently large linewidth enhancement factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pimenov
- Weierstrass Institute, Mohrenstrasse 39, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - E A Viktorov
- National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg, Russia and Optique Nonlineaire Theorique, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, Code Postal 231, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - S P Hegarty
- Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - T Habruseva
- Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland and Aston University, Aston Triangle, B4 7ET Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - G Huyet
- National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg, Russia and Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - D Rachinskii
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA and Department of Applied Mathematics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A G Vladimirov
- Weierstrass Institute, Mohrenstrasse 39, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu JG, Zhao LJ, Wu ZM, Lu D, Tang X, Zhong ZQ, Xia GQ. Direct generation of broadband chaos by a monolithic integrated semiconductor laser chip. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:23358-23364. [PMID: 24104249 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.023358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A solitary monolithic integrated semiconductor laser (MISL) chip with a size of 780 micrometer is designed and fabricated for broadband chaos generation. Such a MISL chip consists of a DFB section, a phase section and an amplification section. Test results indicate that under suitable operation conditions, this laser chip can be driven into broadband chaos. The generated chaos covers an RF frequency range, limited by our measurement device, of 26.5GHz, and possesses significant dimension and complexity. Moreover, the routes into and out of chaos are also characterized through extracting variety dynamical states of temporal waveforms, phase portraits, RF spectra and statistical indicators.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao J, Lenstra D, Santos R, Wale MJ, Smit MK, Leijtens XJM. Stability of a monolithic integrated filtered-feedback laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:B270-B278. [PMID: 23262862 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.00b270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically investigate the stability of a single-mode integrated filtered-feedback laser as a function of the electrically controlled feedback phase. We interpret the measurements in terms of feedback-induced dynamics, compare them with the results from a stability analysis model for conventional feedback, and find good qualitative agreement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- COBRA Institute, Photonic Integration Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Adamiec P, Bonilla B, Consoli A, Tijero JMG, Aguilera S, Esquivias I. High-peak-power pulse generation from a monolithic master oscillator power amplifier at 1.5 μm. APPLIED OPTICS 2012; 51:7160-7164. [PMID: 23089766 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.007160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental study on the generation of high-peak-power short optical pulses from a fully integrated master-oscillator power-amplifier emitting at 1.5 μm. High-peak-power (2.7 W) optical pulses with short duration (100 ps) have been generated by gain switching the master oscillator under optimized driving conditions. The static and dynamic characteristics of the device have been studied as a function of the driving conditions. The ripples appearing in the power-current characteristics under cw conditions have been attributed to mode hopping between the master oscillator resonant mode and the Fabry-Perot modes of the entire device cavity. Although compound cavity effects have been evidenced to affect the static and dynamic performance of the device, we have demonstrated that trains of single-mode short optical pulses at gigahertz frequencies can be conveniently generated in these devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Adamiec
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicación-CEMDATIC, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hashemi M, Valizadeh A, Azizi Y. Effect of duration of synaptic activity on spike rate of a Hodgkin-Huxley neuron with delayed feedback. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:021917. [PMID: 22463254 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.021917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A recurrent loop consisting of a single Hodgkin-Huxley neuron influenced by a chemical excitatory delayed synaptic feedback is considered. We show that the behavior of the system depends on the duration of the activity of the synapse, which is determined by the activation and deactivation time constants of the synapse. For the fast synapses, those for which the effect of the synaptic activity is small compared to the period of firing, depending on the delay time, spiking with single and multiple interspike intervals is possible and the average firing rate can be smaller or larger than that of the open loop neuron. For slow synapses for which the synaptic time constants are of order of the period of the firing, the self-excitation increases the firing rate for all values of the delay time. We also show that for a chain consisting of few similar oscillators, if the synapses are chosen from different time constants, the system will follow the dynamics imposed by the fastest element, which is the oscillator that receives excitations via a slow synapse. The generalization of the results to other types of relaxation oscillators is discussed and the results are compared to those of the loops with inhibitory synapses as well as with gap junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hashemi
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, P.O. Box 45195-1159, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schikora S, Wünsche HJ, Henneberger F. Odd-number theorem: optical feedback control at a subcritical Hopf bifurcation in a semiconductor laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 83:026203. [PMID: 21405892 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.026203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A subcritical Hopf bifurcation is prepared in a multisection semiconductor laser. In the free-running state, hysteresis is absent due to noise-induced escape processes. The missing branches are recovered by stabilizing them against noise through application of phase-sensitive noninvasive delayed optical feedback control. The same type of control is successfully used to stabilize the unstable pulsations born in the Hopf bifurcation. This experimental finding represents an optical counterexample to the so-called odd-number limitation of delayed feedback control. However, as a leftover of the limitation, the domains of control are extremely small.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Schikora
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Loose A, Wünsche HJ, Henneberger F. Synchronization of quasiperiodic oscillations to a periodic force studied with semiconductor lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:035201. [PMID: 21230127 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.035201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study synchronization processes in a system of two different multisection semiconductor lasers. Periodic self-pulsations of laser 1 are injected into laser 2, which is operating in a regime with two-frequency quasiperiodic self-pulsations. The experimental system demonstrates the new type of transitions to synchrony between three frequencies which has been recently revealed using generic coupled phase and van der Pol oscillator models. In particular, resonances of quasiperiodic oscillations at integer winding numbers three and five are shown to break up before locking to the injected periodic signal. Moreover, carefully determining the coherence of the noisy oscillations, we reveal so far unexplored processes of coherence transfer to nonsynchronized oscillations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Loose
- AG Photonik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Argyris A, Grivas E, Hamacher M, Bogris A, Syvridis D. Chaos-on-a-chip secures data transmission in optical fiber links. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:5188-5198. [PMID: 20389532 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.005188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Security in information exchange plays a central role in the deployment of modern communication systems. Besides algorithms, chaos is exploited as a real-time high-speed data encryption technique which enhances the security at the hardware level of optical networks. In this work, compact, fully controllable and stably operating monolithic photonic integrated circuits (PICs) that generate broadband chaotic optical signals are incorporated in chaos-encoded optical transmission systems. Data sequences with rates up to 2.5 Gb/s with small amplitudes are completely encrypted within these chaotic carriers. Only authorized counterparts, supplied with identical chaos generating PICs that are able to synchronize and reproduce the same carriers, can benefit from data exchange with bit-rates up to 2.5Gb/s with error rates below 10(-12). Eavesdroppers with access to the communication link experience a 0.5 probability to detect correctly each bit by direct signal detection, while eavesdroppers supplied with even slightly unmatched hardware receivers are restricted to data extraction error rates well above 10(-3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Argyris
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Ilisia 15784, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Osborne S, Buckley K, Amann A, O'Brien S. All-optical memory based on the injection locking bistability of a two-color laser diode. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:6293-6300. [PMID: 19365455 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.006293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We study the injection locking bistability of a specially engineered two-color semiconductor Fabry-Pérot laser. Oscillation in the uninjected primary mode leads to a bistability of single mode and two-color equilibria. With pulsed modulation of the injected power we demonstrate an all-optical memory element based on this bistability, where the uninjected primary mode is switched with 35 dB intensity contrast. Using experimental and theoretical analysis, we describe the associated bifurcation structure, which is not found in single mode systems with optical injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Osborne
- Tyndall National Institute, University College, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Loose A, Goswami BK, Wünsche HJ, Henneberger F. Tristability of a semiconductor laser due to time-delayed optical feedback. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:036211. [PMID: 19392039 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.036211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental and theoretical study of multistability of a single-mode laser subject to feedback through phase tuning and amplifier sections integrated on the same chip. Closely above threshold, a regime of tristability of continuous-wave (CW) states is found for multiple ranges of amplifier and phase currents. The separation between the tristable wavelengths agrees with the channel spacing of dense wavelength multiplexing in the C band of optical communication making the device interesting for ternary logic applications. Complementary theoretical investigations in the framework of the paradigmatic Lang-Kobayashi model provide a consistent understanding of the experimental findings and additionally yield an analytic formula expressing the maximum number of coexisting stable CW states by the linewidth-enhancement factor alpha . Tristability belongs to the alpha range from 5 to 8 in good agreement with experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Loose
- AG Photonik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12485 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Time-Delayed Feedback Control: From Simple Models to Lasers and Neural Systems. UNDERSTANDING COMPLEX SYSTEMS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02329-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
23
|
Dahms T, Hövel P, Schöll E. Stabilizing continuous-wave output in semiconductor lasers by time-delayed feedback. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:056213. [PMID: 19113206 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.056213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The stabilization of steady states is studied in a modified Lang-Kobayashi model of a semiconductor laser. We show that multiple time-delayed feedback, realized by a Fabry-Perot resonator coupled to the laser, provides a valuable tool for the suppression of unwanted intensity pulsations, and leads to stable continuous-wave operation. The domains of control are calculated in dependence on the feedback strength, delay time (cavity round trip time), memory parameter (mirror reflectivity), latency time, feedback phase, and bandpass filtering. Due to the optical feedback, multistable behavior can also occur in the form of delay-induced intensity pulsations or other modes for certain choices of the control parameters. Control may then still be achieved by slowly ramping the injection current during turn-on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dahms
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Argyris A, Hamacher M, Chlouverakis KE, Bogris A, Syvridis D. Photonic integrated device for chaos applications in communications. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:194101. [PMID: 18518451 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.194101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel photonic monolithic integrated device consisting of a distributed feedback laser, a passive resonator, and active elements that control the optical feedback properties has been designed, fabricated, and evaluated as a compact potential chaotic emitter in optical communications. Under diverse operating parameters, the device behaves in different modes providing stable solutions, periodic states, and broadband chaotic dynamics. Chaos data analysis is performed in order to quantify the complexity and chaoticity of the experimental reconstructed attractors by applying nonlinear noise filtering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Argyris
- Optical Communications Laboratory, Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Illisia, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dahms T, Hövel P, Schöll E. Control of unstable steady states by extended time-delayed feedback. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:056201. [PMID: 18233733 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.056201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Time-delayed feedback methods can be used to control unstable periodic orbits as well as unstable steady states. We present an application of extended time delay autosynchronization introduced by Socolar [Phys. Rev. E 50, 3245 (1994)] to an unstable focus. This system represents a generic model of an unstable steady state which can be found, for instance, in Hopf bifurcation. In addition to the original controller design, we investigate effects of control loop latency and a bandpass filter on the domain of control. Furthermore, we consider coupling of the control force to the system via a rotational coupling matrix parametrized by a variable phase. We present an analysis of the domain of control and support our results by numerical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dahms
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Just W, Fiedler B, Georgi M, Flunkert V, Hövel P, Schöll E. Beyond the odd number limitation: a bifurcation analysis of time-delayed feedback control. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:026210. [PMID: 17930124 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.026210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the normal form of a subcritical Hopf bifurcation subjected to time-delayed feedback control. Bifurcation diagrams which cover time-dependent states as well are obtained by analytical means. The computations show that unstable limit cycles with an odd number of positive Floquet exponents can be stabilized by time-delayed feedback control, contrary to incorrect claims in the literature. The model system constitutes one of the few examples where a nonlinear time delay system can be treated entirely by analytical means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Just
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schikora S, Hövel P, Wünsche HJ, Schöll E, Henneberger F. All-optical noninvasive control of unstable steady states in a semiconductor laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:213902. [PMID: 17155744 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.213902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
All-optical noninvasive control of a multisection semiconductor laser by means of time-delayed feedback from an external Fabry-Perot cavity is realized experimentally. A theoretical analysis, in both a generic model as well as a device-specific simulation, points out the role of the optical phase. Using phase-dependent feedback we demonstrate stabilization of the continuous-wave laser output and noninvasive suppression of intensity pulsations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Schikora
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rogister F. Control of an external-cavity laser diode operating in the regular pulse package regime with a frequency shift of the optical feedback. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:2432-4. [PMID: 16880846 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.002432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
I demonstrate numerically that the regular pulse package regime observed in an external-cavity laser diode can be controlled by means of an adequate shift of the optical feedback frequency. This control leads to a stable pulsed behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Rogister
- Faculté Polytechnique de Mons, TCTS Laboratory, 31 Boulevard Dolez, Mons 7000, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tronciu VZ, Wünsche HJ, Wolfrum M, Radziunas M. Semiconductor laser under resonant feedback from a Fabry-Perot resonator: Stability of continuous-wave operation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 73:046205. [PMID: 16711915 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.046205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the continuous-wave (cw) operation of a semiconductor laser subject to optical feedback from a Fabry-Perot resonator in a case where the emission is resonant to a reflection minimum of the resonator. This configuration is treated in the framework of Lang-Kobayashi equations. The nature of bifurcations and the stability of steady state solutions is analyzed in terms of the dependence on magnitude and phase of the feedback. In contrast to conventional optical feedback from a single mirror, the locus of external cavity modes is not elliptic but represents a tilted eight with possible satellite bubbles. Below a critical feedback strength, which is analytically given, only one single mode exists representing the completely unchanged cw emission of the laser. In this weak-feedback regime, the feedback phase allows noninvasive control of the cw emission and a tailoring of its small-signal response within wide limits. The results obtained are a prototype for all-optical realizations of delayed feedback control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Z Tronciu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Moldova, Stefan cel Mare av. 168, Chisinau MD-2004, Republic of Moldova
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ushakov OV, Wünsche HJ, Henneberger F, Khovanov IA, Schimansky-Geier L, Zaks MA. Coherence resonance near a Hopf bifurcation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:123903. [PMID: 16197076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.123903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of coherence resonance for a semiconductor laser with short optical feedback close to Hopf bifurcations. Noise-induced self-pulsations are documented by distinct Lorentzian-like features in the power spectrum. The character of coherence is critically related to the type of the bifurcation. In the supercritical case, spectral width and height of the peak are monotonic functions of the noise level. In contrast, for the subcritical bifurcation, the width exhibits a minimum, translating into resonance behavior of the correlation time in the pulsation transients. A theoretical analysis based on the generic model of a self-sustained oscillator demonstrates that these observations are of general nature and are related to the fact that the damping depends qualitatively different on the noise intensity for the subcritical and supercritical case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O V Ushakov
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wünsche HJ, Bauer S, Kreissl J, Ushakov O, Korneyev N, Henneberger F, Wille E, Erzgräber H, Peil M, Elsässer W, Fischer I. Synchronization of delay-coupled oscillators: a study of semiconductor lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:163901. [PMID: 15904226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.163901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Revised: 01/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Two delay-coupled semiconductor lasers are studied in the regime where the coupling delay is comparable to the time scales of the internal laser oscillations. Detuning the optical frequency between the two lasers, novel delay-induced scenarios leading from optical frequency locking to successive states of periodic intensity pulsations are observed. We demonstrate and analyze these dynamical phenomena experimentally using two distinct laser configurations. A theoretical treatment reveals the universal character of our findings for delay-coupled systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-J Wünsche
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|