1
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Rams-Baron M, Błażytko A, Casalini R, Paluch M. Insight into properties of sizable glass former from volumetric measurements. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:064502. [PMID: 39120034 DOI: 10.1063/5.0217660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sizable glass formers feature numerous unique properties and potential applications, but many questions regarding their glass transition dynamics have not been resolved yet. Here, we have analyzed structural relaxation times measured as a function of temperature and pressure in combination with the equation of state obtained from pressure-volume-temperature measurements. Despite evidence from previous dielectric studies indicating a remarkable sensitivity of supercooled dynamics to compression, and contrary to intuition, our results demonstrated the proof for the almost equivalent importance of thermal energy and free volume fluctuations in controlling reorientation dynamics of sizable molecules. The found scaling exponent γ = 3.0 and Ev/Ep ratio of 0.6 were typical for glass-forming materials with relaxation dynamics determined by both effects with a minor advantage of thermal fluctuations involvement. It shows that the high values of key parameters characterizing the sensitivity of the glass transition dynamics to pressure changes, i.e., activation volume ΔV and dTg/dP, are not a valid premise for a remarkable contribution of volume to glass transition dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Rams-Baron
- August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Alfred Błażytko
- August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Riccardo Casalini
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, USA
| | - Marian Paluch
- August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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2
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Grzybowski A, Koperwas K, Paluch M. Role of anisotropy in understanding the molecular grounds for density scaling in dynamics of glass-forming liquids. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:084501. [PMID: 38861964 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad569d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of glass-forming liquids play a pivotal role in uncovering the molecular nature of the liquid vitrification process. In particular, much focus was given to elucidating the interplay between the character of intermolecular potential and molecular dynamics behaviour. This has been tried to achieve by simulating the spherical particles interacting via isotropic potential. However, when simulation and experimental data are analysed in the same way by using the density scaling approaches, serious inconsistency is revealed between them. Similar scaling exponent values are determined by analysing the relaxation times and pVT data obtained from computer simulations. In contrast, these values differ significantly when the same analysis is carried out in the case of experimental data. As discussed thoroughly herein, the coherence between results of simulation and experiment can be achieved if anisotropy of intermolecular interactions is introduced to MD simulations. In practice, it has been realized in two different ways: (1) by using the anisotropic potential of the Gay-Berne type or (2) by replacing the spherical particles with quasi-real polyatomic anisotropic molecules interacting through isotropic Lenard-Jones potential. In particular, the last strategy has the potential to be used to explore the relationship between molecular architecture and molecular dynamics behaviour. Finally, we hope that the results presented in this review will also encourage others to explore how 'anisotropy' affects remaining aspects related to liquid-glass transition, like heterogeneity, glass transition temperature, glass forming ability, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - K Koperwas
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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3
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Paluch M, Yao B, Pionteck J, Wojnarowska Z. Predicting the Density-Scaling Exponent of a Glass-Forming Liquid from Complex Dielectric Permittivity Measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:086101. [PMID: 37683158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.086101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenging problems related to the liquid-glass transition phenomenon is establishing a link between the character of intermolecular interactions and the behavior of molecular dynamics. Introducing the density scaling concept, according to which dynamic quantities, e.g., viscosity or structural relaxation time (τ_{α}) measured at different thermodynamic conditions are expressed as a single universal curve if plotted against ρ^{γ}/T, led to significant progress in solving this problem since the scaling exponent γ defines the steepness of the repulsive part of the intermolecular potential. Herein, we found that relaxation dynamics of van der Waals and H-bonding glass formers, for which the Kirkwood factor (g_{K}) is an isomorph-invariant quantity, satisfy an alternative scaling, logτ_{α} vs T(Δϵ_{s}T)^{-γ}. As a result, the exponent γ is determined from the temperature and pressure evolutions of τ_{α} and dielectric relaxation strength Δϵ-both obtained in a single dielectric experiment, which makes the γ coefficient to be accessed in the future for an extensive database of glass-forming liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Paluch
- August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, The University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Beibei Yao
- August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, The University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Jurgen Pionteck
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zaneta Wojnarowska
- August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, The University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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4
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Kaśkosz F, Koperwas K, Grzybowski A, Paluch M. The origin of the density scaling exponent for polyatomic molecules and the estimation of its value from the liquid structure. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:144503. [PMID: 37061492 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we unravel the problem of interpreting the density scaling exponent for the polyatomic molecules representing the real van der Waals liquids. Our studies show that the density scaling exponent is a weighted average of the exponents of the repulsive terms of all interatomic interactions that occur between molecules, where the potential energy of a given interaction represents its weight. It implies that potential energy is a key quantity required to calculate the density scaling exponent value for real molecules. Finally, we use the well-known method for potential energy estimation and show that the density scaling exponent could be successfully predicted from the liquid structure for fair representatives of the real systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kaśkosz
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Physics, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - K Koperwas
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Physics, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - A Grzybowski
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Physics, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Physics, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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5
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Stoppleman JP, McDaniel JG, Cicerone MT. Excitations follow (or lead?) density scaling in propylene carbonate. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:204506. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0123444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural excitations that enable interbasin (IB) barrier crossings on a potential energy landscape are thought to play a facilitating role in the relaxation of liquids. Here, we show that the population of these excitations exhibits the same density scaling observed for α relaxation in propylene carbonate, even though they are heavily influenced by intramolecular modes. We also find that IB crossing modes exhibit a Gr[Formula: see text]neisen parameter ( γ G) that is approximately equivalent to the density scaling parameter γ TS. These observations suggest that the well-documented relationship between γ G and γ TS may be a direct result of the pressure dependence of the frequency of unstable (relaxation) modes associated with IB motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Stoppleman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA,
| | - Jesse G. McDaniel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA,
| | - Marcus T. Cicerone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA,
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6
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Cheng S, Wojnarowska Z, Musiał M, Paluch M. The behavior of conductivity dynamic modulus and its connection to thermodynamic bulk modulus in ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19342-19348. [PMID: 32822445 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03422c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the interplay between the dynamics and thermodynamics of aprotic ionic liquids in the supercooled and normal liquid states. For this purpose, the conductivity dynamic modulus Mσp-T, being defined as the ratio of activation energy (Ep) and activation volume (VT), and its relation to bulk modulus BT under isobaric and isothermal conditions is examined. We found that both isobaric cooling and isothermal compression lead to an increase in Mσp-T. Specifically, Mσp-T(P)T rises linearly similar to BT. Consequently, a direct linear relationship between Mσp-T(P)T and BT is established under isothermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinian Cheng
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Zaneta Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Musiał
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
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7
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Koperwas K, Grzybowski A, Paluch M. Exploring the connection between the density-scaling exponent and the intermolecular potential for liquids on the basis of computer simulations of quasireal model systems. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:012613. [PMID: 32069552 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.012613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, based on the molecular dynamics simulations of quasireal model systems, we propose a method for determination of the effective intermolecular potential for real materials. We show that in contrast to the simple liquids, the effective intermolecular potential for the studied systems depends on the thermodynamic conditions. Nevertheless, the previously established relationship for simple liquids between the exponent of the inverse power law approximation of intermolecular potential and the density-scaling exponent is still preserved when small enough intermolecular distances are considered. However, our studies show that molecules approach each other at these very short distances relatively rarely. Consequently, only sparse interactions between extremely close molecules determine the value of the scaling exponent and then strongly influence the connection between dynamics and thermodynamics of the whole system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koperwas
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Physics, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - A Grzybowski
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Physics, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Physics, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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8
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Ransom TC, Casalini R, Fragiadakis D, Roland CM. The complex behavior of the “simplest” liquid: Breakdown of density scaling in tetramethyl tetraphenyl trisiloxane. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:174501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5121021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Ransom
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - R. Casalini
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - D. Fragiadakis
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - C. M. Roland
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
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9
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Abstract
In pressurized glass-forming systems, the apparent (changeable) activation volume Va(P) is the key property governing the previtreous behavior of the structural relaxation time (τ) or viscosity (η), following the Super-Barus behavior: [Formula: see text], T = const. It is usually assumed that Va(P) = V#(P), where [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. This report shows that Va(P) ≪ V#(P) for P → Pg, where Pg denotes the glass pressure, and the magnitude V#(P) is coupled to the pressure steepness index (the apparent fragility). V#(P) and Va(P) coincides only for the basic Barus dynamics, where Va(P) = Va = const in the given pressure domain, or for P → 0. The simple and non-biased way of determining Va(P) and the relation for its parameterization are proposed. The derived relation resembles Murnaghan - O'Connel equation, applied in deep Earth studies. It also offers a possibility of estimating the pressure and volume at the absolute stability limit. The application of the methodology is shown for diisobutyl phthalate (DIIP, low-molecular-weight liquid), isooctyloxycyanobiphenyl (8*OCB, liquid crystal) and bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin (EPON 828, epoxy resin), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska, 29/37.01-142, Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Bonetti M, Dubois A. Isochronal superpositioning in the equilibrium regime of superpressed propylene carbonate to ∼ 1.8 GPa: A study by diffusivity measurement of the fluorescent probe Coumarin 1. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:97. [PMID: 31375947 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We address the problem of glass-forming of liquids by superpressing. We study the pressure-induced dynamic change of the fragile van der Waals liquid propylene carbonate towards the glassy state in the equilibrium regime by measuring the diffusivity of the fluorescent probe Coumarin 1 embedded in the host liquid. The probe diffusivity is measured by the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technique across a bleached volume generated by the near-field diffracted pattern of a laser beam. The recovered fluorescence intensity fits to a stretched exponential with the diffusive time [Formula: see text] and the stretched exponent [Formula: see text] as free parameters. In the pressure range [0.3-1.0]GPa the diffusivity decouples from the Stokes-Einstein relation. The decoupling correlates well to a decrease of [Formula: see text]. The variation of [Formula: see text] is non-monotonous with [Formula: see text] showing a minimum at [Formula: see text] s. We evidence an isochronal superpositioning over about 3 decades of [Formula: see text] between ∼ 10 s and [Formula: see text] s and a density scaling in the whole investigated pressure range. The pressure at which [Formula: see text] is minimum coincides to the dynamical crossover pressure measured by other authors. This crossover pressure is compatible with the critical point of MCT theory. As our studied pressure range encompasses the critical pressure, the non-monotonous variation of [Formula: see text] opens new insight in the approach to the critical point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bonetti
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé CEA-SPEC, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Alizée Dubois
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé CEA-SPEC, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Physique, ENS de Lyon, F-69342, Lyon, France
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11
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Chat K, Szklarz G, Adrjanowicz K. Testing density scaling in nanopore-confinement for hydrogen-bonded liquid dipropylene glycol. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20954-20962. [PMID: 35515549 PMCID: PMC9065994 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been demonstrated that the glassy dynamics of the molecular liquids and polymers confined at the nanoscale level might satisfy the density scaling law (ρ γ /T) with the same value of the scaling exponent, γ, as that determined from the high-pressure studies of the bulk material. In this work, we have tested the validity of this interesting experimental finding for strongly hydrogen-bonded molecular liquid, dipropylene glycol (DPG), which is known to violate the ρ γ /T scaling rule in the supercooled liquid bulk state. The results of the independent dielectric relaxation studies carried out on increased pressure and in nanopores, have led to an important finding that when the density change induced by geometrical confinement is not very large, DPG can still obey the density scaling law with the same value of the scaling exponent as that found for the bulk sample. In this way, we confirm that the information obtained from the universal density scaling approach applied to nanoscale confined systems is somehow consistent with the macroscopic ones and that in both cases the same fundamental rules governs the glass-transition dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chat
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia 75 Pulku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzow Poland .,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI) 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a 41-500 Chorzow Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szklarz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia 75 Pulku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzow Poland .,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI) 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a 41-500 Chorzow Poland
| | - Karolina Adrjanowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia 75 Pulku Piechoty 1 41-500 Chorzow Poland .,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI) 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a 41-500 Chorzow Poland
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12
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Koperwas K, Grzybowski A, Paluch M. The effect of molecular architecture on the physical properties of supercooled liquids studied by MD simulations: Density scaling and its relation to the equation of state. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:014501. [PMID: 30621418 DOI: 10.1063/1.5050330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical concepts in condensed matter physics are typically verified and also developed by exploiting computer simulations mostly in simple models. Predictions based on these usually isotropic models are often at odds with measurement results obtained for real materials. One of the examples is an intriguing problem within the density scaling idea that has attracted attention in recent decades due to its hallmarks of universality, i.e., the fact that the difference between the density scaling exponent and the exponent of the equation of state is observed for real materials, whereas it has not been reported for the model system. In this paper, we use new model molecules of simple but anisotropic architecture to study the effect of molecular anisotropy on the dynamic and thermodynamic properties of the system. We identify the applicable range of intermolecular interactions for a given physical process, and then we explain the reason for observed differences between the behavior of the model and real systems. It demonstrates that the new model systems open broad perspectives for simulation and theoretical research, for example, into unifying concepts in the glass transition physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koperwas
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - A Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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13
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Casalini R, Roland CM. Nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy of propylene carbonate derivatives. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:134506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5024379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Casalini
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - C. M. Roland
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
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14
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Thoms E, Grzybowski A, Pawlus S, Paluch M. Breakdown of the Simple Arrhenius Law in the Normal Liquid State. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1783-1787. [PMID: 29578711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is common practice to discuss the temperature effect on molecular dynamics of glass formers above the melting temperature in terms of the Arrhenius law. Using dielectric spectroscopy measurements of dc conductivity and structural relaxation time on the example of the typical glass former propylene carbonate, we provide experimental evidence that this practice is not justified. Our conclusions are supported by employing thermodynamic density scaling and the occurrence of inflection points in isothermal dynamic data measured at elevated pressure. Additionally, we propose a more suitable approach to describe the dynamics both above and below the inflection point based on a modified MYEGA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Thoms
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice , ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1 , 41-500 Chorzow , Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A , 41-500 Chorzow , Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice , ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1 , 41-500 Chorzow , Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A , 41-500 Chorzow , Poland
| | - Sebastian Pawlus
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice , ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1 , 41-500 Chorzow , Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A , 41-500 Chorzow , Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice , ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1 , 41-500 Chorzow , Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A , 41-500 Chorzow , Poland
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15
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López ER, Fandiño O, Cabaleiro D, Lugo L, Fernández J. Determination of derived volumetric properties and heat capacities at high pressures using two density scaling based equations of state. Application to dipentaerythritol hexa(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3531-3542. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Scaling based EoSs describe the complex behavior of derived properties for broad temperature and pressure ranges from diPEiC9 experimental densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. R. López
- Laboratorio de Propiedades Termofísicas
- Grupo NaFoMat
- Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- E-15782 Santiago de Compostela
| | - O. Fandiño
- Laboratorio de Propiedades Termofísicas
- Grupo NaFoMat
- Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- E-15782 Santiago de Compostela
| | - D. Cabaleiro
- Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade de Vigo
- E-36310 Vigo
- Spain
| | - L. Lugo
- Laboratorio de Propiedades Termofísicas
- Grupo NaFoMat
- Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- E-15782 Santiago de Compostela
| | - J. Fernández
- Laboratorio de Propiedades Termofísicas
- Grupo NaFoMat
- Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- E-15782 Santiago de Compostela
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16
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López DO, Salud J, de la Fuente MR, Sebastián N, Diez-Berart S. Cooperative behavior of molecular motions giving rise to two glass transitions in the same supercooled mesophase of a smectogenic liquid crystal dimer. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:012704. [PMID: 29448339 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.012704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a detailed analysis of the glassy behavior and the relaxation dynamics of the liquid crystal dimer α-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4'-yloxy)-ω-(1-pyrenimine-benzylidene-4'-oxy) heptane (CBO7O.Py) throughout both nematic and smectic-A mesophases by means of broadband dielectric spectroscopy has been performed. CBO7O.Py shows three different dielectric relaxation modes and two glass transition (T_{g}) temperatures: The higher T_{g} is due to the freezing of the molecular motions responsible for the relaxation mode with the lowest frequency (μ_{1L}); the lower T_{g} is due to the motions responsible for the two relaxation modes with highest frequencies (μ_{1H} and μ_{2}), which converge just at their corresponding T_{g}. It is shown how the three modes follow a critical-like description via the dynamic scaling model. The two modes with lowest frequencies (μ_{1L} and μ_{1H}) are cooperative in the whole range of the mesophases, whereas the highest frequency mode (μ_{2}) is cooperative just below some crossover temperature. In terms of fragility, at the glass transition, the ensemble (μ_{1H}+μ_{2}) presents a value of the steepness index and μ_{1L} a different one, meaning that fragility is a property intrinsic to the molecular motion itself. Finally, the steepness index seems to have a universal behavior with temperature for the dielectric relaxation modes of liquid crystal dimers, being almost constant at high temperatures and increasing drastically when cooling the compound down to the glass transition from a temperature about 3/4T_{NI}.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O López
- Grup de Propietas Físiques dels Materials (GRPFM), Departament de Física, E.T.S.E.I.B. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, E- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Salud
- Grup de Propietas Físiques dels Materials (GRPFM), Departament de Física, E.T.S.E.I.B. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, E- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Rosario de la Fuente
- Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nerea Sebastián
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sergio Diez-Berart
- Grup de Propietas Físiques dels Materials (GRPFM), Departament de Física, E.T.S.E.I.B. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, E- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Weber RL, Mahanthappa MK. Thiol-ene synthesis and characterization of lithium bis(malonato)borate single-ion conducting gel polymer electrolytes. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:7633-7643. [PMID: 28984326 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01738c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of high capacity anodes and high voltage cathodes for advanced lithium-ion batteries motivates the search for new polymer electrolytes that exhibit superior electrochemical stabilities and high ionic conductivities. We report a convenient, three-step synthesis of lithium bis(non-8-enyl-malonato)borate (LiBNMB) as a α,ω-diene monomer, which undergoes thermally initiated thiol-ene crosslinking polymerizations in propylene carbonate to yield gel polymer electrolytes with high lithium ion concentrations (∼0.9 M). By conducting these crosslinking polymerizations using mixtures of di- and tri-thiols and LiBNMB with [thiol] : [ene] = 1 : 1, we synthesized a series of gel networks with dynamic elastic moduli ranging from G' = 40-79 kPa that increase monotonically with trifunctional crosslinker content. While ionic conductivities for these polymer gels measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at 22 °C are σ = 0.82-2.5 × 10-6 S cm-1, we show that the conductivity of propylene carbonate-solvated lithium ions though the bulk of these gel electrolytes is 8.5 × 10-5 S cm-1 independent of crosslinker density. However, the conductivities of the gel interfaces depend sensitively on crosslinker content, suggesting the importance of segmental rearrangement dynamics at the electrode interface in limiting the rate of ion motion. Thus, the design of highly conductive polymer electrolytes for advanced batteries demands careful design of both the internal and interfacial properties of these new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, USA
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18
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Jedrzejowska A, Grzybowski A, Paluch M. In search of invariants for viscous liquids in the density scaling regime: investigations of dynamic and thermodynamic moduli. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:18348-18355. [PMID: 28678273 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01144j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the nontrivial results of our investigations of dynamic and thermodynamic moduli in search of invariants for viscous liquids in the density scaling regime by using selected supercooled van der Waals liquids as representative materials. Previously, the dynamic modulus Mp-T (defined in the pressure-temperature representation by the ratio of isobaric activation energy and activation volume) as well as the ratio BT/Mp-T (where BT is the thermodynamic modulus defined as the inverse isothermal compressibility) have been suggested as some kinds of material constants. We have established that they are not valid in the explored wide range of temperatures T over a dozen decades of structural relaxation times τ. The temperature dependences of Mp-T and BT/Mp-T have been elucidated by comparison with the well-known measure of the relative contribution of temperature and density fluctuations to molecular dynamics near the glass transition, i.e., the ratio of isochoric and isobaric activation energies. Then, we have implemented an idea to transform the definition of the dynamic modulus Mp-T from the p-T representation to the V-T one. This idea relied on the disentanglement of combined temperature and density fluctuations involved in isobaric parameters and has resulted in finding an invariant for viscous liquids in the density scaling regime, which is the ratio of thermodynamic and dynamic moduli, BT/MV-T. In this way, we have constituted a characteristic of thermodynamics and molecular dynamics, which remains unchanged in the supercooled liquid state for a given material, the molecular dynamics of which obeys the power density scaling law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jedrzejowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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19
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Ransom TC, Oliver WF. Glass Transition Temperature and Density Scaling in Cumene at Very High Pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:025702. [PMID: 28753339 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.025702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a new method that allows direct measurements of the glass transition temperature T_{g} at pressures up to 4.55 GPa in the glass-forming liquid cumene (isopropylbenzene). This new method uses a diamond anvil cell and can measure T_{g} at pressures of 10 GPa or greater. Measuring T_{g} at the glass→liquid transition involves monitoring the disappearance of pressure gradients initially present in the glass, but also takes advantage of the large increase in the volume expansion coefficient α_{p} at T_{g} as the supercooled or superpressed liquid is entered. Accurate T_{g}(P) values in cumene allow us to show that density scaling holds along this isochronous line up to pressures much higher than any previous study, corresponding to a density increase of 29%. Our results for cumene over this huge compression range yield ρ^{γ}/T=C, where C is a constant and where γ=4.77±0.02 for this nonassociated glass-forming system. Finally, high-pressure cumene viscosity data from the literature taken at much lower pressures and at several different temperatures, corresponding to a large dynamic range of nearly 13 orders of magnitude, are shown to superimpose on a plot of η vs ρ^{γ}/T for the same value of γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Ransom
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6100, Washington DC 20375-5342, USA
- Physics Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - W F Oliver
- Physics Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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20
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Bernini S, Puosi F, Leporini D. Thermodynamic scaling of relaxation: insights from anharmonic elasticity. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:135101. [PMID: 28102828 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa5a7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations of a molecular liquid, we investigate the thermodynamic scaling (TS) of the structural relaxation time [Formula: see text] in terms of the quantity [Formula: see text], where T and ρ are the temperature and density, respectively. The liquid does not exhibit strong virial-energy correlations. We propose a method for evaluating both the characteristic exponent [Formula: see text] and the TS master curve that uses experimentally accessible quantities that characterise the anharmonic elasticity and does not use details about the microscopic interactions. In particular, we express the TS characteristic exponent [Formula: see text] in terms of the lattice Grüneisen parameter [Formula: see text] and the isochoric anharmonicity [Formula: see text]. An analytic expression of the TS master curve of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] as the key adjustable parameter is found. The comparison with the experimental TS master curves and the isochoric fragilities of 34 glassformers is satisfying. In a few cases, where thermodynamic data are available, we test (i) the predicted characteristic exponent [Formula: see text] and (ii) the isochoric anharmonicity [Formula: see text], as drawn by the best fit of the TS of the structural relaxation, against the available thermodynamic data. A linear relation between the isochoric fragility and the isochoric anharmonicity [Formula: see text] is found and compared favourably with the results of experiments with no adjustable parameters. A relation between the increase of the isochoric vibrational heat capacity due to anharmonicity and the isochoric fragility is derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bernini
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'Enrico Fermi', Università di Pisa, Largo B Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Present address: Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jakkur Campus, Bengaluru 560064, India
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21
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Lyapin AG, Gromnitskaya E, Danilov IV, Brazhkin VV. Elastic properties of the hydrogen-bonded liquid and glassy glycerol under high pressure: comparison with propylene carbonate. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06165j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We compare elastic properties of the liquid and glassy glycerol and propylene carbonate as the archetypal molecular glass formers with and without hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Lyapin
- Institute for High Pressure Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- 108840 Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
| | - E. L. Gromnitskaya
- Institute for High Pressure Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- 108840 Russia
| | - I. V. Danilov
- Institute for High Pressure Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- 108840 Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
| | - V. V. Brazhkin
- Institute for High Pressure Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- 108840 Russia
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22
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Puosi F, Chulkin O, Bernini S, Capaccioli S, Leporini D. Thermodynamic scaling of vibrational dynamics and relaxation. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:234904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4971297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Puosi
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi,” Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - O. Chulkin
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi,” Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Bernini
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi,” Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Capaccioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi,” Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- IPCF-CNR, UOS, Pisa, Italy
| | - D. Leporini
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi,” Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- IPCF-CNR, UOS, Pisa, Italy
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23
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Glass-Forming Tendency of Molecular Liquids and the Strength of the Intermolecular Attractions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36934. [PMID: 27883011 PMCID: PMC5121653 DOI: 10.1038/srep36934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When we cool down a liquid below the melting temperature, it can either crystallize or become supercooled, and then form a disordered solid called glass. Understanding what makes a liquid to crystallize readily in one case and form a stable glass in another is a fundamental problem in science and technology. Here we show that the crystallization/glass-forming tendencies of the molecular liquids might be correlated with the strength of the intermolecular attractions, as determined from the combined experimental and computer simulation studies. We use van der Waals bonded propylene carbonate and its less polar structural analog 3-methyl-cyclopentanone to show that the enhancement of the dipole-dipole forces brings about the better glass-forming ability of the sample when cooling from the melt. Our finding was rationalized by the mismatch between the optimal temperature range for the nucleation and crystal growth, as obtained for a modeled Lennard-Jones system with explicitly enhanced or weakened attractive part of the intermolecular 6–12 potential.
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24
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Hu YC, Shang BS, Guan PF, Yang Y, Bai HY, Wang WH. Thermodynamic scaling of glassy dynamics and dynamic heterogeneities in metallic glass-forming liquid. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:104503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4962324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chao Hu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bao-Shuang Shang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Peng-Fei Guan
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Yang Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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25
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Masiewicz E, Grzybowski A, Grzybowska K, Pawlus S, Pionteck J, Paluch M. Adam-Gibbs model in the density scaling regime and its implications for the configurational entropy scaling. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13998. [PMID: 26365623 PMCID: PMC4568462 DOI: 10.1038/srep13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To solve a long-standing problem of condensed matter physics with determining a proper description of the thermodynamic evolution of the time scale of molecular dynamics near the glass transition, we have extended the well-known Adam-Gibbs model to describe the temperature-volume dependence of structural relaxation times, τα(T, V). We also employ the thermodynamic scaling idea reflected in the density scaling power law, τα = f(T−1V−γ), recently acknowledged as a valid unifying concept in the glass transition physics, to differentiate between physically relevant and irrelevant attempts at formulating the temperature-volume representations of the Adam-Gibbs model. As a consequence, we determine a straightforward relation between the structural relaxation time τα and the configurational entropy SC, giving evidence that also SC(T, V) = g(T−1V−γ) with the exponent γ that enables to scale τα(T, V). This important findings have meaningful implications for the connection between thermodynamics and molecular dynamics near the glass transition, because it implies that τα can be scaled with SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Masiewicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grzybowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Sebastian Pawlus
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Jürgen Pionteck
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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26
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Wojnarowska Z, Paluch M. Recent progress on dielectric properties of protic ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:073202. [PMID: 25634823 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/7/073202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protic ionic liquids (PILs) are key materials for a wide range of emerging technologies. In particular, these systems have long been envisioned as promising candidates for fuel cells. Therefore, in recent years special attention has been devoted to thorough studies of these compounds. Amongst others, dielectric properties of PILs at ambient and elevated pressure have become the subject of intense research. The reason for this lies in the role of broadband dielectric spectroscopy in recognizing the conductivity mechanism in protic ionic systems. In this paper, we summarize the dielectric results of various PILs reflecting recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaneta Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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27
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Świergiel J, Płowaś I, Jadżyn J. Charge Relaxation and Stokes–Einstein Relation in Diluted Electrolyte Solution of Propylene Carbonate and Lithium Perchlorate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie504522n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Świergiel
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Iwona Płowaś
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Jadżyn
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
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28
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Casalini R, Fragiadakis D, Roland CM. Dynamic correlation length scales under isochronal conditions. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:064504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4907371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Casalini
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6120, Washington DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - D. Fragiadakis
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6120, Washington DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - C. M. Roland
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Code 6120, Washington DC 20375-5342, USA
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29
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Richert R. Supercooled Liquids and Glasses by Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118949702.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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30
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Grzybowski A, Koperwas K, Paluch M. Equation of state in the generalized density scaling regime studied from ambient to ultra-high pressure conditions. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:044502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4861907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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López DO, Sebastian N, de la Fuente MR, Martínez-García JC, Salud J, Pérez-Jubindo MA, Diez-Berart S, Dunmur DA, Luckhurst GR. Disentangling molecular motions involved in the glass transition of a twist-bend nematic liquid crystal through dielectric studies. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:034502. [PMID: 22830706 DOI: 10.1063/1.4733561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy spanning frequencies from 10(-2) to 1.9 × 10(9) Hz has been used to study the molecular orientational dynamics of the glass-forming liquid crystal 1",7"-bis (4-cyanobiphenyl-4'-yl)heptane (CB7CB) over a wide temperature range of the twist-bend nematic phase. In such a mesophase two different relaxation processes have been observed, as expected theoretically, to contribute to the imaginary part of the complex dielectric permittivity. For measurements on aligned samples, the processes contribute to the dielectric response to different extents depending on the orientation of the alignment axis (parallel or perpendicular) with respect to the probing electric field direction. The low-frequency relaxation mode (denoted by μ(1)) is attributed to a flip-flop motion of the dipolar groups parallel to the director. The high-frequency relaxation mode (denoted by μ(2)) is associated with precessional motions of the dipolar groups about the director. The μ(1)-and μ(2)-modes are predominant in the parallel and perpendicular alignments, respectively. Relaxation times for both modes in the different alignments have been obtained over a wide temperature range down to near the glass transition temperature. Different analytic functions used to characterize the temperature dependence of the relaxation times of the two modes are considered. Among them, the critical-like description via the dynamic scaling model seems to give not only quite good numerical fittings, but also provides a consistent physical picture of the orientational dynamics on approaching the glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O López
- Grup de les Propietas Físiques dels Materials, Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, E.T.S.E.I.B. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal, 647 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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32
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Koperwas K, Grzybowski A, Grzybowska K, Wojnarowska Z, Pionteck J, Sokolov AP, Paluch M. Pressure coefficient of the glass transition temperature in the thermodynamic scaling regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:041502. [PMID: 23214586 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.041502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report that the pressure coefficient of the glass transition temperature, dT(g)/dp, which is commonly used to determine the pressure sensitivity of the glass transition temperature T(g), can be predicted in the thermodynamic scaling regime. We show that the equation derived from the isochronal condition combined with the well-known scaling, TV(γ) = const, predicts successfully values of dT(g)/dp for a variety of glass-forming systems, including van der Waals liquids, polymers, and ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koperwas
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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33
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Grzybowski A, Koperwas K, Paluch M. Scaling of volumetric data in model systems based on the Lennard-Jones potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:031501. [PMID: 23030917 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.031501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The crucial problem for better understanding the nature of glass transition and related relaxation phenomena is to find proper interrelations between the molecular dynamics and thermodynamics of viscous systems. To make progress towards this goal the recently observed density scaling of viscous liquid dynamics has been very intensively and successfully studied in the past few years. However, previous attempts at related scaling of volumetric data yielded results inconsistent with those found from the density scaling of molecular dynamics. In this paper, we show that volumetric data obtained from simulations in simple molecular models based on the Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential, such as the Kob-Andersen binary LJ liquid, its repulsive inverse power-law version, and the Lewis-Wahnström o-terphenyl model, can be scaled by using the same value of the exponent, which scales dynamic quantities and is directly related to the exponent of the repulsive inverse power law that underlies short-range approximations of the LJ potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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34
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Kondrin MV, Gromnitskaya EL, Pronin AA, Lyapin AG, Brazhkin VV, Volkov AA. Dielectric spectroscopy and ultrasonic study of propylene carbonate under ultra-high pressures. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:084502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4746022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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35
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López ER, Pensado AS, Fernández J, Harris KR. On the density scaling of pVT data and transport properties for molecular and ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:214502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4720070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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36
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Harris KR, Kanakubo M. High pressure studies of the transport properties of ionic liquids. Faraday Discuss 2012; 154:425-38; discussion 439-64, 465-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fd00085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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37
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Pawlus S, Paluch M, Grzybowski A. Communication: Thermodynamic scaling of the Debye process in primary alcohols. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:041103. [PMID: 21280678 DOI: 10.1063/1.3540636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular dynamics of hydrogen-bonded liquids usually does not satisfy the thermodynamic scaling. However, very recently, two opposite conclusions about validity of thermodynamical scaling in monohydroxy alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, were presented by Reiser et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 132, 181101 (2010)] and Fragiadakis et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 132, 144505 (2010)]. In this communication we present new experimental results that can explain this ostensible contradiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pawlus
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, Katowice 40-007, Poland.
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38
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Adrjanowicz K, Wojnarowska Z, Paluch M, Pionteck J. Thermodynamic Scaling of Molecular Dynamics in Supercooled Ibuprofen. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:4559-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109135w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Adrjanowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Z. Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - M. Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - J. Pionteck
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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39
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Grzybowski A, Grzybowska K, Paluch M, Swiety A, Koperwas K. Density scaling in viscous systems near the glass transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 83:041505. [PMID: 21599167 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.041505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a general equation of state (EOS) valid for fluids in the vicinity of the glass transition is derived on the basis of its isothermal precursor. This EOS is able to predict the density scaling of both isobaric and isothermal PVT data and it explicitly involves the scaling exponent γ(EOS), which is most likely straightforwardly related to the exponent of the inverse power law of some effective potential valid for viscous systems. This EOS and the density scaling are very successfully tested for representatives of several material classes (van der Waals liquids, polymer melts, ionic liquids, and even strongly hydrogen-bonded systems). Additionally, if the thermodynamic scaling of primary relaxation times can be achieved with the scaling exponent γ for a given material, then the value γ(EOS) found from fitting its PVT data to the EOS enables us to evaluate the value γ, which is always considerably smaller than γ(EOS).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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40
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Grzybowski A, Paluch M, Grzybowska K, Haracz S. Communication: Relationships between Intermolecular potential, thermodynamics, and dynamic scaling in viscous systems. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:161101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3496999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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41
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Pawlus S, Paluch M, Ziolo J, Kolel-Veetil MK. Anomalous behavior of the structural relaxation dispersion function of a carborane-containing siloxane. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:415101. [PMID: 21386591 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/41/415101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Broadband dielectric spectroscopic investigations of a vinyl-terminated carboranylenesiloxane, VCS, were performed at ambient and elevated pressures. At a constant structural relaxation time, results show that the structural relaxation dispersion function of VCS narrows with both increasing pressure and temperature. This narrowing is substantial in the case of pressurization and, consequently, the breakdown of the temperature-pressure superposition rule is observed. The interpretation of this breakdown is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pawlus
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, Katowice 40-007, Poland
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42
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Grzybowski A, Haracz S, Paluch M, Grzybowska K. Density Scaling of Supercooled Simple Liquids Near the Glass Transition. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:11544-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp104080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - S. Haracz
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - M. Paluch
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - K. Grzybowska
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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43
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Grzybowski A, Paluch M, Grzybowska K. Comment on "Density scaling of the diffusion coefficient at various pressures in viscous liquids". PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:013501. [PMID: 20866672 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.013501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The thermodynamic scaling idea enables an elegant description of relaxation dynamics near the glass transition and provides a linkage between thermodynamics and molecular dynamics of supercooled liquids. A lot of effort has been put into finding functions, f(T(-1)V(-γ)), which can scale dynamical quantities such as relaxation time, viscosity, and diffusion coefficient. Within the trend, Papathanassiou [A. N. Papathanassiou, Phys. Rev. E 79, 032501 (2009)] has recently derived a new scaling function for the reduced diffusion coefficient. In this Comment, we report that this scaling function is not sufficiently grounded, because it is based on some scaled equation of state which predicts significantly different values of the scaling exponent γ from volumetric data in comparison with those found from the scaling of relaxation or viscosity data. Moreover, we would like to point out that any scaling function f cannot be straightforwardly formulated on the basis of any equation of state which yields the scaling exponent γ different from that used to scale the dynamic quantity.
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44
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Pawlus S, Mierzwa M, Paluch M, Rzoska SJ, Roland CM. Dielectric and mechanical relaxation in isooctylcyanobiphenyl (8*OCB). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:235101. [PMID: 21393760 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/23/235101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of isooctylcyanobiphenyl (8*OCB) was characterized using dielectric and mechanical spectroscopies. This isomer of the liquid crystalline octylcyanobiphenyl (8OCB) vitrifies during cooling or on application of pressure, exhibiting the typical features of glass-forming liquids: non-Debye relaxation function, non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the relaxation times, τ(α), a dynamic crossover at T ∼ 1.6T(g). This crossover is evidenced by changes in the behavior of both the peak shape and the temperature dependence of τ(α). The primary relaxation time at the crossover, 2 ns at ambient pressure, is the smallest value reported to date for any molecular liquid or polymer. Interestingly, at all temperatures below this crossover, τ(α) and the dc conductivity remain coupled (i.e., conform to the Debye-Stokes-Einstein relation). Two secondary relaxations are observed in the glassy state, one of which is identified as the Johari-Goldstein process. Unlike the case for 8OCB, no liquid crystalline phase could be attained for 8*OCB, demonstrating that relatively small differences in chemical structure can effect substantial changes in the intermolecular potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pawlus
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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45
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Fragiadakis D, Casalini R, Roland CM. Density Scaling and Dynamic Correlations in Viscous Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:13134-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907553b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Fragiadakis
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6120, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342
| | - R. Casalini
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6120, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342
| | - C. M. Roland
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6120, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342
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Grzybowski A, Paluch M, Grzybowska K. Consequences of an Equation of State in the Thermodynamic Scaling Regime. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:7419-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - M. Paluch
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - K. Grzybowska
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Wojnarowska Z, Paluch M, Grzybowski A, Adrjanowicz K, Grzybowska K, Kaminski K, Wlodarczyk P, Pionteck J. Study of molecular dynamics of pharmaceutically important protic ionic liquid-verapamil hydrochloride. I. Test of thermodynamic scaling. J Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3223540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Voigtmann T. Idealized glass transitions under pressure: dynamics versus thermodynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:095701. [PMID: 18851623 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.095701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of slow dynamics and thermodynamic features of dense liquids is studied by examining how the glass transition changes depending on the presence or absence of Lennard-Jones-like attractions. Quite different thermodynamic behavior leaves the dynamics unchanged, with important consequences for high-pressure experiments on glassy liquids. Numerical results are obtained within mode-coupling theory (MCT), but the qualitative features are argued to hold more generally. A simple square-well model can be used to explain generic features found in experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th Voigtmann
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany
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Casalini R, Bair S. The inflection point in the pressure dependence of viscosity under high pressure: A comprehensive study of the temperature and pressure dependence of the viscosity of propylene carbonate. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:084511. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2834203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Casalini R, Roland CM, Capaccioli S. Effect of chain length on fragility and thermodynamic scaling of the local segmental dynamics in poly(methylmethacrylate). J Chem Phys 2007; 126:184903. [PMID: 17508828 DOI: 10.1063/1.2728898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Local segmental relaxation properties of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) of varying molecular weight are measured by dielectric spectroscopy and analyzed in combination with the equation of state obtained from PVT measurements. Significant variations of glass transition temperature and fragility with molecular weight are observed. In accord with the general properties of glass-forming materials, single molecular weight dependent scaling exponent gamma is sufficient to define the mean segmental relaxation time taualpha and its distribution. This exponent can be connected to the Gruneisen parameter and related thermodynamic quantities, thus demonstrating the interrelationship between dynamics and thermodynamics in PMMA. Changes in the relaxation properties ("dynamic crossover") are observed as a function of both temperature and pressure, with taualpha serving as the control parameter for the crossover. At longer taualpha another change in the dynamics is apparent, associated with a decoupling of the local segmental process from ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Casalini
- Chemistry Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
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