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Gupta S, Biswas P. Conformational properties of complexes of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers with linear polyelectrolytes in dilute solutions. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:194902. [PMID: 33218232 DOI: 10.1063/5.0030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the conformational properties of complexes of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers with a linear polyelectrolyte (LPE) at neutral pH in an aqueous solution via molecular dynamics simulations. Various conformational properties, such as the atomic density profile, counterion density distribution, charge distribution, cavity volume, and the static structure factor are studied as a function of the charge and chain length of the LPE. The lower generation dendrimer complexes encapsulate the shorter linear PE chains, while the longer PE chains are adsorbed on the dendrimer surface that screen the surface charge and prevent the penetration of the counterions and water molecules. However, the overall charge of the higher generation dendrimers is not neutralized by the charge of the PE chains, which results in chloride counterion penetration within the dendrimers. The adsorption of the PE chains on the dendrimers is also verified from the charge distribution of the dendrimer-PE complexes. The charge on the lower generation dendrimer complexes is overcompensated by the longer PE chains resulting in an overall negative charge on the complexes, while the PE chains do not completely neutralize the charge of the higher generation dendrimers and produce positively charged complexes. The results of the structure factor indicate a conformational transition of the dendrimer-PE complexes from a dense compact structure to an open one with an increase in the PE chain length. This transition is characterized by an increase in the cavity volume in dendrimers with an increase in the PE chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Parbati Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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2
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Lyulin SV. Correlation between overcharging peculiarities and the solubility of interpolyelectrolyte complexes. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Pandav G, Ganesan V. Computer Simulations of Dendrimer–Polyelectrolyte Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10297-310. [DOI: 10.1021/jp505645r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunja Pandav
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for
Computational and Engineering Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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4
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Jiang Y, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Deng Z, Zhang L. The adsorption-desorption transition of double-stranded DNA interacting with an oppositely charged dendrimer induced by multivalent anions. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:204912. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4878508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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5
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Ravi HK, Stach M, Soares TA, Darbre T, Reymond JL, Cascella M. Electrostatics and flexibility drive membrane recognition and early penetration by the antimicrobial peptide dendrimer bH1. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:8821-3. [PMID: 23959139 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44912b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations of the polycationic antimicrobial peptide dendrimer (Leu)8(DapLeu)4(DapPhe)2DapLys-NH2 binding to membranes suggest that electrostatic interactions with the polyanionic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and conformational flexibility of the 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (Dap) branching units drive its selective insertion into microbial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish K Ravi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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6
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Larin SV, Darinskii AA. Interaction of interpolyelectrolyte complexes formed by a linear polyelectrolyte and dendrimers or spheres. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x14020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Qamhieh K, Nylander T, Black CF, Attard GS, Dias RS, Ainalem ML. Complexes formed between DNA and poly(amido amine) dendrimers of different generations – modelling DNA wrapping and penetration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:13112-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01958j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A schematic figure that depicts the relationship between the wrapping of the DNA around cationic dendrimers and morphology of the complexes formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawla Qamhieh
- Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- SE-221 Lund, Sweden
- Physics Department
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- SE-221 Lund, Sweden
| | - Camilla F. Black
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - George S. Attard
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Rita S. Dias
- Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- SE-221 Lund, Sweden
- Biophysics and Medical Technology
| | - Marie-Louise Ainalem
- Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- SE-221 Lund, Sweden
- European Spallation Source ESS AB
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8
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Kłos JS, Sommer JU. Coarse grained simulations of neutral and charged dendrimers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238213070023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tian WD, Ma YQ. Theoretical and computational studies of dendrimers as delivery vectors. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:705-27. [PMID: 23114420 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is a great challenge for nanomedicine to develop novel dendrimers with maximum therapeutic potential and minimum side-effects for drug and gene delivery. As delivery vectors, dendrimers must overcome lots of barriers before delivering the bio-agents to the target in the cell. Extensive experimental investigations have been carried out to elucidate the physical and chemical properties of dendrimers and explore their behaviors when interacting with biomolecules, such as gene materials, proteins, and lipid membranes. As a supplement of the experimental techniques, it has been proved that computer simulations could facilitate the progress in understanding the delivery process of bioactive molecules. The structures of dendrimers in dilute solutions have been intensively investigated by monomer-resolved simulations, coarse-grained simulations, and atom-resolved simulations. Atomistic simulations have manifested that the hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen-bond interactions, and electrostatic attraction play critical roles in the formation of dendrimer-drug complexes. Multiscale simulations and statistical field theories have uncovered some physical mechanisms involved in the dendrimer-based gene delivery systems. This review will focus on the current status and perspective of theoretical and computational contributions in this field in recent years. (275 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-de Tian
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Kłos JS, Sommer JU. Simulation of Complexes between a Charged Dendrimer and a Linear Polyelectrolyte with Finite Rigidity. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Conformational Effects in Non-Stoichiometric Complexes of Two Hyperbranched Molecules with a Linear Polyelectrolyte. Polymers (Basel) 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/polym4010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Lee H, Choi JS, Larson RG. Molecular Dynamics Studies of the Size and Internal Structure of the PAMAM Dendrimer Grafted with Arginine and Histidine. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2019396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwankyu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 448-701, South Korea
| | - Joon Sig Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Ronald G. Larson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Markelov DA, Matveev VV, Ingman P, Lähderanta E, Boiko NI. Average relaxation time of internal spectrum for carbosilane dendrimers: nuclear magnetic resonance studies. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:124901. [PMID: 21974558 DOI: 10.1063/1.3638177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new theoretical description of the interior mobility of carbosilane dendrimers has been tested. Experiments were conducted using measurements of the (1)H NMR spin-lattice relaxation time, T(1H), of two-, three- and four-generation carbosilane dendrimers with three different types of terminal groups in dilute chloroform solutions. Temperature dependences of the NMR relaxation rate, 1/T(1H), were obtained for the internal CH(2)-groups of the dendrimers in the range of 1/T(1H) maximum, allowing us to directly evaluate the average time of the internal spectrum for each dendrimer. It was found that the temperature of 1/T(1H) maximum is practically independent of the number of generations, G; therefore, the theoretical prediction was confirmed experimentally. In addition, the average time of the internal spectrum of carbosilane dendrimers was found to be near 0.2 ns at room temperature, and this value correlates well with the values previously obtained for other dendrimer structures using other experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Markelov
- Laboratory of Physics, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland.
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Kłos JS, Sommer JU. Monte Carlo simulations of charged dendrimer-linear polyelectrolyte complexes and explicit counterions. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:204902. [PMID: 21639472 DOI: 10.1063/1.3592558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study complexes composed of one dendrimer of generation G = 4 (G4 dendrimer) with N(t) = 32 charged terminal groups and an oppositely charged linear polyelectrolyte accompanied by neutralizing counterions in an athermal solvent using Monte Carlo simulations based on the bond fluctuation model. In our study both the full Coulomb potential and the excluded volume interactions are taken into account explicitly with the reduced temperature τ and the chain length N(ch) as the main simulation parameters. Our calculations indicate that there exist three temperature ranges that determine the behavior of such complexes. At τ(complex) stable charged dendrimer-linear polyelectrolyte complexes are formed first, which are subsequently accompanied by selective counterion localization within the complex interior at τ(loc) ≤ τ(complex), and counterion condensation as temperature is further decreased below τ(cond) < τ(loc). In particular, we observe that condensation takes place exclusively on the excess charges in the complex and thus no condensation is observed at the compensation point (N(ch) = N(t)), irrespective of τ. For N(ch) ≠ N(t) the complex is overally charged. Furthermore, we discuss the size and structure of the dendrimer and the linear polyelectrolyte within the complex, as well as spatial distributions of monomers and counterions. Conformations of the chain in the bound state are analysed in terms of loops, trains, and tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kłos
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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15
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Dias RS, Linse P, Pais AACC. Stepwise disproportionation in polyelectrolyte complexes. J Comput Chem 2011; 32:2697-707. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Kłos JS, Sommer JU. Simulations of Dendrimers with Flexible Spacer Chains and Explicit Counterions under Low and Neutral pH Conditions. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102055w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Kłos
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e. V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - J.-U. Sommer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e. V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Kłos JS, Sommer JU. Simulations of Terminally Charged Dendrimers with Flexible Spacer Chains and Explicit Counterions. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1003997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Kłos
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e. V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - J.-U. Sommer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e. V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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18
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Larin SV, Darinskii AA, Lyulin AV, Lyulin SV. Linker Formation in an Overcharged Complex of Two Dendrimers and Linear Polyelectrolyte. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:2910-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908196t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Larin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj pr., d. 31, St. Petersburg, Russia, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Group Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anatolii A. Darinskii
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj pr., d. 31, St. Petersburg, Russia, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Group Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexey V. Lyulin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj pr., d. 31, St. Petersburg, Russia, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Group Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sergey V. Lyulin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj pr., d. 31, St. Petersburg, Russia, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Group Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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19
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Tian WD, Ma YQ. Complexation of a Linear Polyelectrolyte with a Charged Dendrimer: Polyelectrolyte Stiffness Effects. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901988m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-de Tian
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu-qiang Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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20
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Lee H, Larson RG. Molecular dynamics study of the structure and interparticle interactions of polyethylene glycol-conjugated PAMAM dendrimers. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:13202-7. [PMID: 19754139 PMCID: PMC2772150 DOI: 10.1021/jp906497e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of one or two copies of polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 550 (PEG550) and 5000 (PEG5000) daltons, conjugated to generation 3 (G3) to 5 (G5) polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with explicit water using a coarse-grained model. We found the radii of gyration of these dendrimer-PEG molecules to be close to those measured in experiments by Hedden and Bauer (Hedden , R. C. ; Bauer , B. J. Macromolecules 2003 , 36 , 1829.). Densely grafted PEG ligands (>50% of the dendrimer surface) extend like brushes, with layer thickness in agreement with theory for starlike polymers. Two dendrimer-PEG complexes in the box drift away from each other, indicating that no aggregation is induced by either short or long PEG chains, conflicting with a recent view that the cytotoxicity of some PEGylated particles might be due to particle aggregation for long PEG lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwankyu Lee
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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21
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Tian WD, Ma YQ. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Charged Dendrimer in Multivalent Salt Solution. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:13161-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp906449g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-de Tian
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu-qiang Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093, China
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Lee H, Larson RG. Multiscale modeling of dendrimers and their interactions with bilayers and polyelectrolytes. Molecules 2009; 14:423-38. [PMID: 19158654 PMCID: PMC2663896 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14010423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular dynamics simulation methodologies and computational power have allowed accurate predictions of dendrimer size, shape, and interactions with bilayers and polyelectrolytes with modest computational effort. Atomistic and coarse-grained (CG) models show strong interactions of cationic dendrimers with lipid bilayers. The CG simulations with explicit lipid and water capture bilayer penetration and pore formation, showing that pore formation is enhanced at high dendrimer concentration, but suppressed at low temperature and high salt concentration, in agreement with experiments. Cationic linear polymers have also been simulated, but do not perforate membranes, evidently because by deforming into a pancake, the charges on a linear polymer achieve intimate contact with a single bilayer leaflet. The relatively rigid dendrimers, on the other hand, penetrate the bilayer, because only by interacting with both leaflets can they achieve a similar degree of contact between charged groups. Also, a "dendrimer-filled vesicle" structure for the dendrimer-membrane interaction is predicted by mesoscale thermodynamic simulations, in agreement with a picture derived from experimental observations. In simulations of complexes of dendrimer and polyelectrolyte, anionic linear chains wrap around the cationic dendrimer and penetrate inside it. Overall, these new results indicate that simulations can now provide predictions in excellent agreement with experimental observations, and provide atomic-scale insights into dendrimer structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwankyu Lee
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, U.S.A
| | - Ronald G. Larson
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A.; E-mail: (R-G. L.)
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