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Serrano JM, Liu T, Guo D, Croft ZL, Cao K, Khan AU, Xu Z, Nouh E, Cheng S, Liu G. Utilization of Block Copolymers to Understand Water Vaporization Enthalpy Reduction in Uniform Pores. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Serrano
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Zacary L. Croft
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ke Cao
- Macromolecules Innovations Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Assad U. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Elsaid Nouh
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Shengfeng Cheng
- Macromolecules Innovations Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules Innovations Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Division of Nanoscience, Academy of Integrated Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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2
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Impacts of an Internal Finer-Textured Layer on Soil Evaporation and Salt Distribution. Transp Porous Media 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-021-01706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Modeling of Evaporation-Driven Multiple Salt Precipitation in Porous Media with a Real Field Application. GEOSCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences10100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil and groundwater salinization are very important environmental issues of global concern. They threaten mainly the arid and semiarid regions characterized by dry climate conditions and an increase of irrigation practices. Among these regions, the south of Tunisia is considered, on the one hand, to be a salt-affected zone facing a twofold problem: The scarcity of water resources and the degradation of their quality due to the overexploitation of the aquifers for irrigation needs. On the other hand, this Tunisian landform is the only adequate area for planting date palm trees which provide the country with the first and most important exportation product. In order to maintain the existence of these oases and develop the date production, a good understanding of the salinization problem threatening this region, and the ability to predict its distribution and evolution, should not be underestimated. The work presented in this paper deals with the Oasis of Segdoud in southern Tunisia, with the objective of modeling the evaporation-driven salt precipitation processes at the soil profile scale and under real climatic conditions. The model used is based on the one developed and presented in a previous work. In order to fulfil the real field conditions, a further extension of the geochemical system of the existing model was required. The precipitated salts considered in this work were halite (NaCl), gypsum (CaSO4) and thenardite (Na2SO4). The extended model reproduces very well the same tendencies of the physico-chemical processes of the natural system in terms of the spatio-temporal distribution and evolution of the evaporation and multiple-salt precipitation. It sheds new lights on the simulation of sequences of salt precipitation in arid regions. The simulation results provide an analysis of the influence of salt precipitation on hydrodynamic properties of the porous medium (porosity and permeability). Moreover, the sensitivity analysis done here reveals the influence of the water table level on the evaporation rate.
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4
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Hasegawa K, Inasawa S. Evaporation kinetics of continuous water and dispersed oil droplets. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8692-8701. [PMID: 32996538 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drying of volatile oil droplets immersed in a continuous water phase was observed and analysed. Drying sample solutions were sandwiched between two glass plates and the water and oil phases were observed by confocal microscopy. In the initial stage of drying, evaporation of water was dominant and drying of the oil droplets was negligible. However, the rate of water evaporation decreased when the oil droplets were compressed. Comparison of experimental data with a diffusion model of water vapour showed that the decline in drying rates occurred earlier in the experiment than in the theoretical prediction. This implies that compression and narrowing of water paths caused the decline in the rate of water evaporation. After most water had evaporated, evaporation of the oil droplets occurred. The oil droplets did not shrink isotropically and the air-liquid interface invaded into the drying oil droplets. Cross-sectional observation by z-scanning revealed direct exposure of the oil droplets and they were pinned by the residual water phase. The water network between the oil droplets collapsed after the oil droplets had evaporated. The correlation between changes in structures and drying kinetics in both liquid phases was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Hasegawa
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, 1-2-11 Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-0011, Japan and Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Susumu Inasawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan. and Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Poudel S, Zou A, Maroo SC. Evaporation Dynamics in Buried Nanochannels with Micropores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7801-7807. [PMID: 32527087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cross-connected buried nanochannels of height ∼728 nm, with micropores of ∼2 μm diameter present at each intersection, are used in this work to numerically and experimentally study droplet-coupled evaporation dynamics at room temperature. The uniformly structured channels/pores, along with their well-defined porosity, allow for computational fluid dynamics simulations and experiments to be performed on the same geometry of samples. A water droplet is placed on top of the sample causing water to wick into the nanochannels through the micropores. After advancing, the meniscus front stabilizes when evaporation flux is balanced with the wicking flux, and it recedes once the water droplet is completely wicked in. Evaporation flux at the meniscus interface of channels/pores is estimated over time, while the flux at the water droplet interface is found to be negligible. When the meniscus recedes in the channels, local contact line regions are found to form underneath the pores, thus rapidly enhancing evaporation flux as a power-law function of time. Temporal variation of wicking flux velocity and pressure gradient in the nanochannels is also independently computed, from which the viscous resistance variation is estimated and compared to the theoretical prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajag Poudel
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - An Zou
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Shalabh C Maroo
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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6
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Li H, Si B, Ma X, Wu P. Deep soil water extraction by apple sequesters organic carbon via root biomass rather than altering soil organic carbon content. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:662-671. [PMID: 30909044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil water and carbon stocks have always been research hotspots. However, the interaction between soil water and carbon in deep soil (>1 m below surface) remains poorly understood. The present study used the chronosequence approach to investigate water extraction and carbon input by roots to a depth of 25.2 m in 8-, 11-, 15-, 18-, and 22-year-old afforested apple (Malus pumila Mill.) orchard stands in a sub-humid region of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Three long-term cultivated farmlands were used as a benchmark of soil water and carbon status before land use change. Measurements showed that the apple trees accessed deep soil water reserves by growing deep roots, with the resulting desiccated soil possibly stimulating apple trees to extend their roots into deeper, moister soil. Accordingly, soil water content in the root zone decreased progressively with increasing stand age. For example, the roots of apple trees in the 22-year-old stand extended to 23.2 m below the soil surface and extracted 1530 ± 43 mm deep soil water. Consequently, carbon input from root biomass correlated well with the water storage loss in deep soil (R2 = 0.88). Deep roots accounted for 49 ± 22% of the total root biomass and contributed 0.44 ± 0.15 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 to the deep soil. However, the roots of apple trees did not significantly change the soil organic carbon content in the root zone possibly because there was limited root biomass per unit soil depth and because soil water content in the root zone gradually decreased. These findings demonstrate the importance of deep soil in regulating water and carbon cycles, advancing our understanding of interactions among water, roots, and carbon in this zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bingcheng Si
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pute Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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7
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Kacimov AR, Obnosov YV, Or D. Evaporation-Induced Capillary Siphoning Through Hydraulically Connected Porous Domains: The Vedernikov–Bouwer Model Revisited. Transp Porous Media 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-019-01285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Cejas CM, Castaing JC, Hough L, Frétigny C, Dreyfus R. Experimental investigation of water distribution in a two-phase zone during gravity-dominated evaporation. Phys Rev E 2018; 96:062908. [PMID: 29347312 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.062908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We characterize the water repartition within the partially saturated (two-phase) zone (PSZ) during evaporation from mixed wettable porous media by controlling the wettability of glass beads, their sizes, and as well the surrounding relative humidity. Here, capillary numbers are low and under these conditions, the percolating front is stabilized by gravity. Using experimental and numerical analyses, we find that the PSZ saturation decreases with the Bond number, where packing of smaller particles have higher saturation values than packing made of larger particles. Results also reveal that the extent (height) of the PSZ, as well as water saturation in the PSZ, both increase with wettability. We also numerically calculate the saturation exclusively contained in connected liquid films and results show that values are less than the expected PSZ saturation. These results strongly reflect that the two-phase zone is not solely made up of connected capillary networks but also made of disconnected water clusters or pockets. Moreover, we also find that global saturation (PSZ + full wet zone) decreases with wettability, confirming that greater quantity of water is lost via evaporation with increasing hydrophilicity. These results show that connected liquid films are favored in more-hydrophilic systems while disconnected water pockets are favored in less-hydrophilic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare M Cejas
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter, CNRS-Solvay-UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007-3624, USA
| | | | - Larry Hough
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter, CNRS-Solvay-UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007-3624, USA
| | - Christian Frétigny
- Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle CNRS SIMM UMR 7615 ESPCI, Paris, France 75005
| | - Rémi Dreyfus
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter, CNRS-Solvay-UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007-3624, USA
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9
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Mejri E, Bouhlila R, Helmig R. Heterogeneity Effects on Evaporation-Induced Halite and Gypsum Co-precipitation in Porous Media. Transp Porous Media 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-017-0846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Thiery J, Keita E, Rodts S, Courtier Murias D, Kodger T, Pegoraro A, Coussot P. Drying kinetics of deformable and cracking nano-porous gels. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2016; 39:117. [PMID: 27921169 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The desiccation of porous materials encompasses a wide range of technological and industrial processes and is acutely sensitive to the hierarchical structure of the porous materials resulting in complex dynamics which are challenging to unravel. Macroscopic observations of the surface and geometry of model colloidal gels during desiccation under controlled air flow highlight the role of crack formation in drying. The density of cracks and their rate of appearance depend on the initial solid fraction of the gels and their adherence to the substrate. While under certain conditions cracking leads to an increase of the drying rate, in other cases cracking allows for its conservation over an extended period of the drying process. Nevertheless, as long as the sample is saturated with water, each piece within the sample shrinks isotropically as if it were an independent drying system. By simulating the airflow around the sample and inside the crack cavities, we show the existence of a perturbation in the air velocity in the vicinity of the crack cavity whose scale depends on the aspect ratio (depth/width) of the latter. On this basis, we propose a simple model which predicts the observed drying rate variations encountered while the sample cracks; and further enables to simulate the desiccation for a designated crack density.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thiery
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Navier (ENCP-CNRS-IFSTTAR, 77420, Champs sur Marne, France.
- Experimental Soft Matter Group, Harvard University, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - E Keita
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Navier (ENCP-CNRS-IFSTTAR, 77420, Champs sur Marne, France
| | - S Rodts
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Navier (ENCP-CNRS-IFSTTAR, 77420, Champs sur Marne, France
| | - D Courtier Murias
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Navier (ENCP-CNRS-IFSTTAR, 77420, Champs sur Marne, France
| | - T Kodger
- Experimental Soft Matter Group, Harvard University, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Pegoraro
- Experimental Soft Matter Group, Harvard University, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P Coussot
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Navier (ENCP-CNRS-IFSTTAR, 77420, Champs sur Marne, France
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11
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Mohanty SK, Saiers JE, Ryan JN. Colloid Mobilization in a Fractured Soil during Dry-Wet Cycles: Role of Drying Duration and Flow Path Permeability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:9100-9106. [PMID: 26134351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In subsurface soils, colloids are mobilized by infiltrating rainwater, but the source of colloids and the process by which colloids are generated between rainfalls are not clear. We examined the effect of drying duration and the spatial variation of soil permeability on the mobilization of in situ colloids in intact soil cores (fractured and heavily weathered saprolite) during dry-wet cycles. Measuring water flux at multiple sampling ports at the core base, we found that water drained through flow paths of different permeability. The duration of antecedent drying cycles affected the amount of mobilized colloids, particularly in high-flux ports that received water from soil regions with a large number of macro- and mesopores. In these ports, the amount of mobilized colloids increased with increased drying duration up to 2.5 days. For drying durations greater than 2.5 days, the amount of mobilized colloids decreased. In contrast, increasing drying duration had a limited effect on colloid mobilization in low-flux ports, which presumably received water from soil regions with fewer macro- and mesopores. On the basis of these results, we attribute this dependence of colloid mobilization upon drying duration to colloid generation from dry pore walls and distribution of colloids in flow paths, which appear to be sensitive to the moisture content of soil after drying and flow path permeability. The results are useful for improving the understanding of colloid mobilization during fluctuating weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Mohanty
- †Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | | | - Joseph N Ryan
- †Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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12
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Free-Flow–Porous-Media Coupling for Evaporation-Driven Transport and Precipitation of Salt in Soil. Transp Porous Media 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-015-0516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Al-Maktoumi A, Kacimov A, Al-Ismaily S, Al-Busaidi H, Al-Saqri S. Infiltration into Two-Layered Soil: The Green–Ampt and Averyanov Models Revisited. Transp Porous Media 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-015-0507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Cejas CM, Hough LA, Castaing JC, Frétigny C, Dreyfus R. Simple analytical model of evapotranspiration in the presence of roots. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:042716. [PMID: 25375532 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.042716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation of water out of a soil involves complicated and well-debated mechanisms. When plant roots are added into the soil, water transfer between the soil and the outside environment is even more complicated. Indeed, plants provide an additional process of water transfer. Water is pumped by the roots, channeled to the leaf surface, and released into the surrounding air by a process called transpiration. Prediction of the evapotranspiration of water over time in the presence of roots helps keep track of the amount of water that remains in the soil. Using a controlled visual setup of a two-dimensional model soil consisting of monodisperse glass beads, we perform experiments on actual roots grown under different relative humidity conditions. We record the total water mass loss in the medium and the position of the evaporating front that forms within the medium. We then develop a simple analytical model that predicts the position of the evaporating front as a function of time as well as the total amount of water that is lost from the medium due to the combined effects of evaporation and transpiration. The model is based on fundamental principles of evaporation fluxes and includes empirical assumptions on the quantity of open stomata in the leaves, where water transpiration occurs. Comparison between the model and experimental results shows excellent prediction of the position of the evaporating front as well as the total mass loss from evapotranspiration in the presence of roots. The model also provides a way to predict the lifetime of a plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare M Cejas
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter, CNRS-Solvay-UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007-3624, USA
| | - L A Hough
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter, CNRS-Solvay-UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007-3624, USA
| | | | - Christian Frétigny
- Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés CNRS PPMD UMR 7615 ESPCI, Paris, France 75005
| | - Rémi Dreyfus
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter, CNRS-Solvay-UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007-3624, USA
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15
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Davarzani H, Smits K, Tolene RM, Illangasekare T. Study of the effect of wind speed on evaporation from soil through integrated modeling of the atmospheric boundary layer and shallow subsurface. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 2014; 50:661-680. [PMID: 25309005 PMCID: PMC4171757 DOI: 10.1002/2013wr013952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to develop methods based on integrating the subsurface to the atmospheric boundary layer to estimate evaporation, we developed a model based on the coupling of Navier-Stokes free flow and Darcy flow in porous medium. The model was tested using experimental data to study the effect of wind speed on evaporation. The model consists of the coupled equations of mass conservation for two-phase flow in porous medium with single-phase flow in the free-flow domain under nonisothermal, nonequilibrium phase change conditions. In this model, the evaporation rate and soil surface temperature and relative humidity at the interface come directly from the integrated model output. To experimentally validate numerical results, we developed a unique test system consisting of a wind tunnel interfaced with a soil tank instrumented with a network of sensors to measure soil-water variables. Results demonstrated that, by using this coupling approach, it is possible to predict the different stages of the drying process with good accuracy. Increasing the wind speed increases the first stage evaporation rate and decreases the transition time between two evaporative stages (soil water flow to vapor diffusion controlled) at low velocity values; then, at high wind speeds the evaporation rate becomes less dependent on the wind speed. On the contrary, the impact of wind speed on second stage evaporation (diffusion-dominant stage) is not significant. We found that the thermal and solute dispersion in free-flow systems has a significant influence on drying processes from porous media and should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Davarzani
- Center for Experimental Study of Subsurface Environmental Processes, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado, USA ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, Direction Eau, Environnement et Ecotechnologies (D3E) Orléans, France
| | - Kathleen Smits
- Center for Experimental Study of Subsurface Environmental Processes, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Ryan M Tolene
- Center for Experimental Study of Subsurface Environmental Processes, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Tissa Illangasekare
- Center for Experimental Study of Subsurface Environmental Processes, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado, USA
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16
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Shokri N, Or D. Drying patterns of porous media containing wettability contrasts. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 391:135-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Faure P, Coussot P. Drying of a model soil. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:036303. [PMID: 21230167 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.036303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Drying experiments have been carried out with model soils made of different pastes filling granular packings. A detailed information concerning the time evolution of the water saturation distribution inside the sample was obtained from magnetic resonance imaging measurements. This study makes it possible to understand the physical origin of the drying characteristics of these materials. The drying curves exhibit a constant-rate period (CRP) and a falling-rate period (FRP) but the relative durations of these periods depend on the paste structure. With a kaolin suspension the CRP lasts down to very low water densities and is associated with a homogeneous drying of the paste throughout the sample. With a bentonite suspension the CRP is shorter and the drying in the FRP results from a complex process involving fractures progressing downward through the pasty matrix. With a gel the CRP period is even shorter and the drying in the FRP results from the progression of a dry front through the packing as a result of the shrinkage of the gel matrix. This provides an overview of the main possible processes at work when drying a soil as a function of its components along with some practical means for slowing down drying from soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Faure
- Laboratoire Navier, Université Paris-Est, Champs sur Marne, France
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