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Grzybowski A, Koperwas K, Paluch M. Role of anisotropy in understanding the molecular grounds for density scaling in dynamics of glass-forming liquids. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:084501. [PMID: 38861964 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad569d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of glass-forming liquids play a pivotal role in uncovering the molecular nature of the liquid vitrification process. In particular, much focus was given to elucidating the interplay between the character of intermolecular potential and molecular dynamics behaviour. This has been tried to achieve by simulating the spherical particles interacting via isotropic potential. However, when simulation and experimental data are analysed in the same way by using the density scaling approaches, serious inconsistency is revealed between them. Similar scaling exponent values are determined by analysing the relaxation times and pVT data obtained from computer simulations. In contrast, these values differ significantly when the same analysis is carried out in the case of experimental data. As discussed thoroughly herein, the coherence between results of simulation and experiment can be achieved if anisotropy of intermolecular interactions is introduced to MD simulations. In practice, it has been realized in two different ways: (1) by using the anisotropic potential of the Gay-Berne type or (2) by replacing the spherical particles with quasi-real polyatomic anisotropic molecules interacting through isotropic Lenard-Jones potential. In particular, the last strategy has the potential to be used to explore the relationship between molecular architecture and molecular dynamics behaviour. Finally, we hope that the results presented in this review will also encourage others to explore how 'anisotropy' affects remaining aspects related to liquid-glass transition, like heterogeneity, glass transition temperature, glass forming ability, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - K Koperwas
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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Liszka K, Grzybowski A, Koperwas K, Paluch M. Density Scaling of Translational and Rotational Molecular Dynamics in a Simple Ellipsoidal Model near the Glass Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094546. [PMID: 35562937 PMCID: PMC9103086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we show that a simple anisotropic model of supercooled liquid properly reflects some density scaling properties observed for experimental data, contrary to many previous results obtained from isotropic models. We employ a well-known Gay–Berne model earlier parametrized to achieve a supercooling and glass transition at zero pressure to find the point of glass transition and explore volumetric and dynamic properties in the supercooled liquid state at elevated pressure. We focus on dynamic scaling properties of the anisotropic model of supercooled liquid to gain a better insight into the grounds for the density scaling idea that bears hallmarks of universality, as follows from plenty of experimental data collected near the glass transition for different dynamic quantities. As a result, the most appropriate values of the scaling exponent γ are established as invariants for a given anisotropy aspect ratio to successfully scale both the translational and rotational relaxation times considered as single variable functions of densityγ/temperature. These scaling exponent values are determined based on the density scaling criterion and differ from those obtained in other ways, such as the virial–potential energy correlation and the equation of state derived from the effective short-range intermolecular potential, which is qualitatively in accordance with the results yielded from experimental data analyses. Our findings strongly suggest that there is a deep need to employ anisotropic models in the study of glass transition and supercooled liquids instead of the isotropic ones very commonly exploited in molecular dynamics simulations of supercooled liquids over the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Liszka
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.L.); (K.K.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.L.); (K.K.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Kajetan Koperwas
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.L.); (K.K.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.L.); (K.K.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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Douglas JF, Xu WS. Equation of State and Entropy Theory Approach to Thermodynamic Scaling in Polymeric Glass-Forming Liquids. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Wen-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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Activation volume of selected liquid crystals in the density scaling regime. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42174. [PMID: 28181530 PMCID: PMC5299607 DOI: 10.1038/srep42174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate and thoroughly analyze the activation volumetric properties of selected liquid crystals in the nematic and crystalline E phases in comparison with those reported for glass-forming liquids. In the analysis, we have employed and evaluated two entropic models (based on either total or configurational entropies) to describe the longitudinal relaxation times of the liquid crystals in the density scaling regime. In this study, we have also exploited two equations of state: volumetric and activation volumetric ones. As a result, we have established that the activation volumetric properties of the selected liquid crystals are quite opposite to such typical properties of glass-forming materials, i.e., the activation volume decreases and the isothermal bulk modulus increases when a liquid crystal is isothermally compressed. Using the model based on the configurational entropy, we suggest that the increasing pressure dependences of the activation volume in isothermal conditions and the negative curvature of the pressure dependences of isothermal longitudinal relaxation times can be related to the formation of antiparallel doublets in the examined liquid crystals. A similar pressure effect on relaxation dynamics may be also observed for other material groups in case of systems, the molecules of which form some supramolecular structures.
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Chorążewski M, Grzybowski A, Paluch M. Isobaric Thermal Expansion of Compressed 1,4-Dichlorobutane and 1-Bromo-4-chlorobutane: Transitiometric Results and a Novel Application of the General Density Scaling-Based Equation of State. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Chorążewski
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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Chorążewski M, Grzybowski A, Paluch M. The complex, non-monotonic thermal response of the volumetric space of simple liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:19900-8. [PMID: 25117028 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show that a non-monotonic solution of the equation ∂αp(p,T)/∂T = 0 divides the phase diagram of simple liquids into two parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Chorążewski
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Silesia
- 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - A. Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics
- University of Silesia
- 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research
- 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M. Paluch
- Institute of Physics
- University of Silesia
- 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research
- 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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Wojnarowska Z, Jarosz G, Grzybowski A, Pionteck J, Jacquemin J, Paluch M. On the scaling behavior of electric conductivity in [C4mim][NTf2]. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20444-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02253j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work we examine, for the first time, the molar conductivity behavior of the deeply supercooled room temperature ionic liquid [C4mim][NTf2] in the temperature, pressure and volume thermodynamic space in terms of density scaling regime (TVγ)−1 combined with the equation of state (EOS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics
- University of Silesia
- 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research
- 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - G. Jarosz
- Institute of Physics
- University of Silesia
- 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research
- 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - A. Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics
- University of Silesia
- 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research
- 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - J. Pionteck
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
- D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Jacquemin
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/QUILL Research Centre
- Queen’s University of Belfast
- David Keir Building
- Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - M. Paluch
- Institute of Physics
- University of Silesia
- 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research
- 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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Grzybowski A, Koperwas K, Paluch M. Scaling of volumetric data in model systems based on the Lennard-Jones potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:031501. [PMID: 23030917 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.031501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The crucial problem for better understanding the nature of glass transition and related relaxation phenomena is to find proper interrelations between the molecular dynamics and thermodynamics of viscous systems. To make progress towards this goal the recently observed density scaling of viscous liquid dynamics has been very intensively and successfully studied in the past few years. However, previous attempts at related scaling of volumetric data yielded results inconsistent with those found from the density scaling of molecular dynamics. In this paper, we show that volumetric data obtained from simulations in simple molecular models based on the Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential, such as the Kob-Andersen binary LJ liquid, its repulsive inverse power-law version, and the Lewis-Wahnström o-terphenyl model, can be scaled by using the same value of the exponent, which scales dynamic quantities and is directly related to the exponent of the repulsive inverse power law that underlies short-range approximations of the LJ potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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López ER, Pensado AS, Fernández J, Harris KR. On the density scaling of pVT data and transport properties for molecular and ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:214502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4720070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Papathanassiou AN, Sakellis I, Grammatikakis J, Roland CM. The role of the isothermal bulk modulus in the molecular dynamics of super-cooled liquids. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:244508. [PMID: 22225170 DOI: 10.1063/1.3666008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastic models imply that the energy expended for a flow event in ultra-viscous matter coincides with the elastic work required for deforming and re-arranging the environment of the moving entity. This is quite promising for explaining the strong non-Arrhenius behavior of dynamic quantities of fragile super-cooled liquids. We argue that the activation volume obtained from dielectric relaxation and light-scattering experiments for super-cooled liquids should scale with the Gibbs free energy of activation, with a proportionality constant determined by the isothermal bulk modulus and its pressure derivative, as described by an earlier thermodynamic elastic model. For certain super-cooled liquids the bulk compression transpiring in the local environment, as governed by the isothermal bulk modulus, play a significant role in the reorientational dynamics, with far-field density fluctuations and volume changes avoided by shear deformation.
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Guo J, Simon SL. Thermodynamic scaling of polymer dynamics versus T – Tg scaling. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:074901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3624903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Grzybowski A, Grzybowska K, Paluch M, Swiety A, Koperwas K. Density scaling in viscous systems near the glass transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 83:041505. [PMID: 21599167 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.041505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a general equation of state (EOS) valid for fluids in the vicinity of the glass transition is derived on the basis of its isothermal precursor. This EOS is able to predict the density scaling of both isobaric and isothermal PVT data and it explicitly involves the scaling exponent γ(EOS), which is most likely straightforwardly related to the exponent of the inverse power law of some effective potential valid for viscous systems. This EOS and the density scaling are very successfully tested for representatives of several material classes (van der Waals liquids, polymer melts, ionic liquids, and even strongly hydrogen-bonded systems). Additionally, if the thermodynamic scaling of primary relaxation times can be achieved with the scaling exponent γ for a given material, then the value γ(EOS) found from fitting its PVT data to the EOS enables us to evaluate the value γ, which is always considerably smaller than γ(EOS).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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Grzybowski A, Paluch M, Grzybowska K, Haracz S. Communication: Relationships between Intermolecular potential, thermodynamics, and dynamic scaling in viscous systems. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:161101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3496999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Grzybowski A, Haracz S, Paluch M, Grzybowska K. Density Scaling of Supercooled Simple Liquids Near the Glass Transition. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:11544-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp104080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - S. Haracz
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - M. Paluch
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - K. Grzybowska
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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