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Silarski M, Dziedzic-Kocurek K, Drużbicki K, Reterski R, Grabowski P, Krzystyniak M. Non-invasive detection of hazardous materials with a thermal-to-epithermal neutron station: a feasibility study towards practical application. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18584. [PMID: 39127754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing scale of the devastation that even a single terrorist attack can cause requires more effective methods for the detection of hazardous materials. In particular, there are no solutions for effectively monitoring threats at sea, both for the off-shore infrastructure and ports. Currently, state-of-the-art detection methods determine the density distribution and the shapes of tested subjects but only allow for a limited degree of substance identification. This work aims to present a feasibility study of the possible usage of several methods available on the thermal-to-epithermal neutron station, VESUVIO, at the ISIS neutron and muon spallation source, UK, for the detection of hazardous materials. To this end, we present the results of a series of experiments performed concurrently employing neutron transmission and Compton scattering using melamine, a commonly used explosive surrogate, in order to determine its signal characteristics and limits of detection and quantitation. The experiments are supported by first-principles modelling, providing detailed scrutiny of the material structure and the nuclear dynamics behind the neutron scattering observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Silarski
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics of the Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dziedzic-Kocurek
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics of the Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Kacper Drużbicki
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Reterski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Patryk Grabowski
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics of the Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Matthew Krzystyniak
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK.
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2
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Zec N, Mangiapia G, Hendry AC, Barker R, Koutsioubas A, Frielinghaus H, Campana M, Ortega-Roldan JL, Busch S, Moulin JF. Mutually Beneficial Combination of Molecular Dynamics Computer Simulations and Scattering Experiments. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:507. [PMID: 34357157 PMCID: PMC8304056 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We showcase the combination of experimental neutron scattering data and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for exemplary phospholipid membrane systems. Neutron and X-ray reflectometry and small-angle scattering measurements are determined by the scattering length density profile in real space, but it is not usually possible to retrieve this profile unambiguously from the data alone. MD simulations predict these density profiles, but they require experimental control. Both issues can be addressed simultaneously by cross-validating scattering data and MD results. The strengths and weaknesses of each technique are discussed in detail with the aim of optimizing the opportunities provided by this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojša Zec
- German Engineering Materials Science Centre (GEMS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany; (N.Z.); (G.M.)
| | - Gaetano Mangiapia
- German Engineering Materials Science Centre (GEMS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany; (N.Z.); (G.M.)
| | - Alex C. Hendry
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (A.C.H.); (J.L.O.-R.)
| | - Robert Barker
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK;
| | - Alexandros Koutsioubas
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany; (A.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Henrich Frielinghaus
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany; (A.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Mario Campana
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK;
| | | | - Sebastian Busch
- German Engineering Materials Science Centre (GEMS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany; (N.Z.); (G.M.)
| | - Jean-François Moulin
- German Engineering Materials Science Centre (GEMS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany; (N.Z.); (G.M.)
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3
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Vispa A, Monserrat D, Cuello GJ, Fernandez-Alonso F, Mukhopadhyay S, Demmel F, Tamarit JL, Pardo LC. On the microscopic mechanism behind the purely orientational disorder–disorder transition in the plastic phase of 1-chloroadamantane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20259-20266. [PMID: 28726892 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03630b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The microscopic mechanism behind the disorder–disorder phase transition in 1-chloroadamantane is related to changes both in structure and dynamics, as revealed by QENS and neutron diffraction experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Vispa
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials
- Departament de Física
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- E-08019 Barcelona
| | - D. Monserrat
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials
- Departament de Física
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- E-08019 Barcelona
| | | | - F. Fernandez-Alonso
- ISIS Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Oxfordshire OX11 0QX
- UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - S. Mukhopadhyay
- ISIS Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Oxfordshire OX11 0QX
- UK
- Department of Materials
| | - F. Demmel
- ISIS Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Oxfordshire OX11 0QX
- UK
| | - J. Ll. Tamarit
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials
- Departament de Física
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- E-08019 Barcelona
| | - L. C. Pardo
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials
- Departament de Física
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- E-08019 Barcelona
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Unden T, Balasubramanian P, Louzon D, Vinkler Y, Plenio MB, Markham M, Twitchen D, Stacey A, Lovchinsky I, Sushkov AO, Lukin MD, Retzker A, Naydenov B, McGuinness LP, Jelezko F. Quantum Metrology Enhanced by Repetitive Quantum Error Correction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:230502. [PMID: 27341218 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.230502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the protection of a room-temperature hybrid spin register against environmental decoherence by performing repeated quantum error correction whilst maintaining sensitivity to signal fields. We use a long-lived nuclear spin to correct multiple phase errors on a sensitive electron spin in diamond and realize magnetic field sensing beyond the time scales set by natural decoherence. The universal extension of sensing time, robust to noise at any frequency, demonstrates the definitive advantage entangled multiqubit systems provide for quantum sensing and offers an important complement to quantum control techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Unden
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Louzon
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Vinkler
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Martin B Plenio
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthew Markham
- Element Six, Harwell Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0QR, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Twitchen
- Element Six, Harwell Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Stacey
- Element Six, Harwell Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0QR, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lovchinsky
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexander O Sushkov
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alex Retzker
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Boris Naydenov
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Vispa A, Busch S, Tamarit JL, Unruh T, Fernandez-Alonso F, Pardo LC. A robust comparison of dynamical scenarios in a glass-forming liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:3975-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05143f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We use Bayesian inference methods to provide fresh insights into the sub-nanosecond dynamics of glycerol, a prototypical glass-forming liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vispa
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials
- Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- E-08028 Barcelona
| | - Sebastian Busch
- German Engineering Materials Science Centre (GEMS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Josep Lluis Tamarit
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials
- Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- E-08028 Barcelona
| | - Tobias Unruh
- Chair for Crystallography and Structural Physics
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | | | - Luis Carlos Pardo
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials
- Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- E-08028 Barcelona
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Henao A, Rovira-Esteva M, Vispa A, Tamarit JL, Guardia E, Pardo LC. Insights into the determination of molecular structure from diffraction data using a Bayesian algorithm. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:454217. [PMID: 24140726 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/45/454217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The determination of the molecular ordering in a liquid is still a controversial subject. There is no general consensus either on the methods to obtain reliable liquid structures or on the way to analyze them. Regardless of the method, it is very important to have a realistic molecular structure available that allows simulations to faithfully reproduce the sample features, and that minimizes the computing time in structure refinements. However, attention is not always paid to this point and molecular models coming from general force-fields are frequently used to undertake many of the analyses. We propose in this work to use a Bayesian scheme to fit the experimental data and produce reliable molecular models that can be used as the starting point of any simulation or refinement. The algorithm behind the proposed method is based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure, as many other refinement programs such as reverse Monte Carlo or empirical potential structure refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Henao
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, ETSEIB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Grup de Simulaciò per ordinador en matèria condensada, Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Campus Nord UPC, Edifici B4-B5, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona Salgado 1-3, E-08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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