1
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Schauf AJ, Jones MF, Oh P. Simulating the dynamics of dispersal and dispersal ability in fragmented populations with mate-finding Allee effects. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10021. [PMID: 37091574 PMCID: PMC10121235 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We consider the spatial propagation and genetic evolution of model populations comprising multiple subpopulations, each distinguished by its own characteristic dispersal rate. Mate finding is modeled in accord with the assumption that reproduction is based on random encounters between pairs of individuals, so that the frequency of interbreeding between two subpopulations is proportional to the product of local population densities of each. The resulting nonlinear growth term produces an Allee effect, whereby reproduction rates are lower in sparsely populated areas; the distribution of dispersal rates that evolves is then highly dependent upon the population's initial spatial distribution. In a series of numerical test cases, we consider how these dynamics affect lattice-like arrangements of population fragments, and investigate how a population's initial fragmentation determines the dispersal rates that evolve as a habitat is colonized. First, we consider a case where initial population fragments coincide with habitat islands, within which death rates differ from those that apply outside; the presence of inhospitable exterior regions exaggerates Allee effect-driven reductions in dispersal ability. We then examine how greater distances separating adjacent population fragments lead to more severe reductions in dispersal ability. For populations of a fixed initial magnitude, fragmentation into smaller, denser patches leads not only to greater losses of dispersal ability, but also helps ensure the population's long-term persistence, emphasizing the trade-offs between the benefits and risks of rapid dispersal under Allee effects. Next, simulations of well-established populations disrupted by localized depopulation events illustrate how mate-finding Allee effects and spatial heterogeneity can drive a population's dispersal ability to evolve either downward or upward depending on conditions, highlighting a qualitative distinction between population fragmentation and habitat heterogeneity. A final test case compares populations that are fragmented across multiple scales, demonstrating how differences in the relative scales of micro- and macro-level fragmentation can lead to qualitatively different evolutionary outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Schauf
- Department of PhysicsNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS CitiesNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Matthew F. Jones
- Biodiversity InstituteUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
- Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center, School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Poong Oh
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and InformationNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
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2
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Forien R, Garnier J, Patout F. Ancestral Lineages in Mutation Selection Equilibria with Moving Optimum. Bull Math Biol 2022; 84:93. [PMID: 35882713 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many populations can somehow adapt to rapid environmental changes. To understand this fast evolution, we investigate the genealogy of individuals inside those populations. More precisely, we use a deterministic model to describe the phenotypic density of a population under selection when the fitness optimum moves at constant speed. We study the inside dynamics of this population using the neutral fractions approach. We then define a Markov process characterizing the distribution of ancestral phenotypic lineages inside the equilibrium. This construction yields qualitative as well as quantitative properties on the phenotype of typical ancestors. In particular, we show that in asexual populations typical ancestors of present individuals carried traits much closer to the fitness optimum than most individuals alive at the same time. We also investigate more deeply the asymptotic regime of small mutation effects. In this regime, we obtain an explicit formula for the typical ancestral lineage using the description of the solutions of the Hamilton Jacobi equation as a minimizer of an optimization problem. In addition, we compare our deterministic results on lineages with the lineages of stochastic models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jimmy Garnier
- LAMA, UMR 5127 CNRS & Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, Chambéry, France
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3
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How mutation shapes the rate of population spread in the presence of a mate-finding Allee effect. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-022-00540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4
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Consistency of mobile and sedentary movement extremes exhibited by an invasive fish, Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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5
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Mi SY, Han BS, Yang Y. Spatial dynamics of a nonlocal predator–prey model with double mutation. INT J BIOMATH 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524522500358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we are dedicated to studying the global dynamics of a nonlocal predator–prey model with double mutation. First, by defining a pair of upper and lower solutions, we build a new comparison principle. Furthermore, based on the new comparison principle, we get the existence of the solutions by constructing monotone iterative sequences. Finally, using the quasi-fundamental solution, Gronwall’s inequality and auxiliary functions, the uniqueness and uniform boundedness of the solutions are given. It is worth noting that this paper is the first to introduce the double mutation into the system and obtain the well-posedness and the uniform boundedness of the solutions by more detailed analysis and estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yue Mi
- School of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, P. R. China
| | - Bang-Sheng Han
- School of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Yang
- School of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, P. R. China
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6
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Slow expanders invade by forming dented fronts in microbial colonies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2108653119. [PMID: 34983839 PMCID: PMC8740590 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108653119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms never cease to evolve, so there is a significant interest in predicting and controlling evolution in all branches of life sciences. The most basic question is whether a trait should increase or decrease in a given environment. The answer seems to be trivial for traits such as the growth rate in a bioreactor or the expansion rate of a tumor. Yet, it has been suggested that such traits can decrease, rather than increase, during evolution. Here, we report a mutant that outcompeted the ancestor despite having a slower expansion velocity when in isolation. To explain this observation, we developed and validated a theory that describes spatial competition between organisms with different expansion rates and arbitrary competitive interactions. Most organisms grow in space, whether they are viruses spreading within a host tissue or invasive species colonizing a new continent. Evolution typically selects for higher expansion rates during spatial growth, but it has been suggested that slower expanders can take over under certain conditions. Here, we report an experimental observation of such population dynamics. We demonstrate that mutants that grow slower in isolation nevertheless win in competition, not only when the two types are intermixed, but also when they are spatially segregated into sectors. The latter was thought to be impossible because previous studies focused exclusively on the global competitions mediated by expansion velocities, but overlooked the local competitions at sector boundaries. Local competition, however, can enhance the velocity of either type at the sector boundary and thus alter expansion dynamics. We developed a theory that accounts for both local and global competitions and describes all possible sector shapes. In particular, the theory predicted that a slower on its own, but more competitive, mutant forms a dented V-shaped sector as it takes over the expansion front. Such sectors were indeed observed experimentally, and their shapes matched quantitatively with the theory. In simulations, we further explored several mechanisms that could provide slow expanders with a local competitive advantage and showed that they are all well-described by our theory. Taken together, our results shed light on previously unexplored outcomes of spatial competition and establish a universal framework to understand evolutionary and ecological dynamics in expanding populations.
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7
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Azimzade Y, Saberi AA, Gatenby RA. Superlinear growth reveals the Allee effect in tumors. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:042405. [PMID: 34005934 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.042405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Integrating experimental data into ecological models plays a central role in understanding biological mechanisms that drive tumor progression where such knowledge can be used to develop new therapeutic strategies. While the current studies emphasize the role of competition among tumor cells, they fail to explain recently observed superlinear growth dynamics across human tumors. Here we study tumor growth dynamics by developing a model that incorporates evolutionary dynamics inside tumors with tumor-microenvironment interactions. Our results reveal that tumor cells' ability to manipulate the environment and induce angiogenesis drives superlinear growth-a process compatible with the Allee effect. In light of this understanding, our model suggests that, for high-risk tumors that have a higher growth rate, suppressing angiogenesis can be the appropriate therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youness Azimzade
- Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Saberi
- Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universitat zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, and Diagnostic Imaging Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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8
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Strobl MAR, Krause AL, Damaghi M, Gillies R, Anderson ARA, Maini PK. Mix and Match: Phenotypic Coexistence as a Key Facilitator of Cancer Invasion. Bull Math Biol 2020; 82:15. [PMID: 31953602 PMCID: PMC6968991 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-019-00675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Invasion of healthy tissue is a defining feature of malignant tumours. Traditionally, invasion is thought to be driven by cells that have acquired all the necessary traits to overcome the range of biological and physical defences employed by the body. However, in light of the ever-increasing evidence for geno- and phenotypic intra-tumour heterogeneity, an alternative hypothesis presents itself: could invasion be driven by a collection of cells with distinct traits that together facilitate the invasion process? In this paper, we use a mathematical model to assess the feasibility of this hypothesis in the context of acid-mediated invasion. We assume tumour expansion is obstructed by stroma which inhibits growth and extra-cellular matrix (ECM) which blocks cancer cell movement. Further, we assume that there are two types of cancer cells: (i) a glycolytic phenotype which produces acid that kills stromal cells and (ii) a matrix-degrading phenotype that locally remodels the ECM. We extend the Gatenby-Gawlinski reaction-diffusion model to derive a system of five coupled reaction-diffusion equations to describe the resulting invasion process. We characterise the spatially homogeneous steady states and carry out a simulation study in one spatial dimension to determine how the tumour develops as we vary the strength of competition between the two phenotypes. We find that overall tumour growth is most extensive when both cell types can stably coexist, since this allows the cells to locally mix and benefit most from the combination of traits. In contrast, when inter-species competition exceeds intra-species competition the populations spatially separate and invasion arrests either: (i) rapidly (matrix-degraders dominate) or (ii) slowly (acid-producers dominate). Overall, our work demonstrates that the spatial and ecological relationship between a heterogeneous population of tumour cells is a key factor in determining their ability to cooperate. Specifically, we predict that tumours in which different phenotypes coexist stably are more invasive than tumours in which phenotypes are spatially separated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A. R. Strobl
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, OX2 6GG Oxford, UK
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Magnolia Drive, Tampa, 12902 USA
| | - Andrew L. Krause
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, OX2 6GG Oxford, UK
| | - Mehdi Damaghi
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Magnolia Drive, Tampa, 12902 USA
| | - Robert Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Magnolia Drive, Tampa, 12902 USA
| | - Alexander R. A. Anderson
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Magnolia Drive, Tampa, 12902 USA
| | - Philip K. Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, OX2 6GG Oxford, UK
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9
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Abstract
Predicting the evolution of expanding populations is critical to controlling biological threats such as invasive species and cancer metastasis. Expansion is primarily driven by reproduction and dispersal, but nature abounds with examples of evolution where organisms pay a reproductive cost to disperse faster. When does selection favor this "survival of the fastest"? We searched for a simple rule, motivated by evolution experiments where swarming bacteria evolved into a hyperswarmer mutant that disperses ∼100% faster but pays a growth cost of ∼10% to make many copies of its flagellum. We analyzed a two-species model based on the Fisher equation to explain this observation: the population expansion rate (v) results from an interplay of growth (r) and dispersal (D) and is independent of the carrying capacity: v = 2 ( rD ) 1 / 2 . A mutant can take over the edge only if its expansion rate (v2) exceeds the expansion rate of the established species (v1); this simple condition ( v 2 > v 1 ) determines the maximum cost in slower growth that a faster mutant can pay and still be able to take over. Numerical simulations and time-course experiments where we tracked evolution by imaging bacteria suggest that our findings are general: less favorable conditions delay but do not entirely prevent the success of the fastest. Thus, the expansion rate defines a traveling wave fitness, which could be combined with trade-offs to predict evolution of expanding populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Deforet
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Rcientifique, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, LJP, Paris 75005, France
| | - Carlos Carmona-Fontaine
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York City, New York 10003
| | - Kirill S. Korolev
- Department of Physics and Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Joao B. Xavier
- Program in Computational Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York 10065
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10
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Andrade-Restrepo M, Champagnat N, Ferrière R. Local adaptation, dispersal evolution, and the spatial eco-evolutionary dynamics of invasion. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:767-777. [PMID: 30887688 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation and dispersal evolution are key evolutionary processes shaping the invasion dynamics of populations colonizing new environments. Yet their interaction is largely unresolved. Using a single-species population model along a one-dimensional environmental gradient, we show how local competition and dispersal jointly shape the eco-evolutionary dynamics and speed of invasion. From a focal introduction site, the generic pattern predicted by our model features a temporal transition from wave-like to pulsed invasion. Each regime is driven primarily by local adaptation, while the transition is caused by eco-evolutionary feedbacks mediated by dispersal. The interaction range and cost of dispersal arise as key factors of the duration and speed of each phase. Our results demonstrate that spatial eco-evolutionary feedbacks along environmental gradients can drive strong temporal variation in the rate and structure of population spread, and must be considered to better understand and forecast invasion rates and range dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Andrade-Restrepo
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cité Sorbonne, F-750205, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Champagnat
- IECL, CNRS UMR 7502, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, Lorraine, France.,Inria, TOSCA team, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
| | - Régis Ferrière
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U 1043, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences & Lettres University, Paris, F-75005, France.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Interdisciplinary Global Environmental Studies (iGLOBES), CNRS, UMI 3157, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
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11
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12
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Yano R. Kinetic Modeling of Local Epidemic Spread and Its Simulation. JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING 2017; 73:122-156. [PMID: 32214644 PMCID: PMC7088009 DOI: 10.1007/s10915-017-0408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The local epidemic spread in physical space is modeled using the kinetic equation. In particular, the infection occurs via the binary interaction between the uninfected and infected individuals. Then, the local epidemic spread can be modeled on the basis of the stochastic Boltzmann type equation. In this paper, the normalized virus titer inside the infected human body is defined as the function of the elapsed time, which is measured from the infection time. Consequently, the probability of the infection at the binary human interaction increases, as the normalized virus titer inside the human body increases, whereas the normalized virus titer inside the infected human body decreases, after the normalized virus titer reaches to its maximum value, namely, unity, in the characteristic time. Numerical results indicate that the propagation speed of the boundary between the infected and uninfected domains depends on such a characteristic time, strongly, when the Knudsen number and temperature are fixed. Such a dependency of the propagation speed of the boundary between the infected and uninfected domains on the characteristic time can be described by the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piscounov equation which is introduced from the stochastic Boltzmann type equation. Finally, we consider three types of the human behavior as plausible actions to the local epidemic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Yano
- Tokio Marine and Nichido Risk Consulting Co., Ltd, 5-1, Otemachi, 1-Chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Bonte
- Ghent University; Dept. Biology; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 BE-9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Maxime Dahirel
- Ghent University; Dept. Biology; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 BE-9000 Ghent Belgium
- Univ. of Rennes 1/ CNRS; UMR 6553 Ecobio Rennes France
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14
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Perkins TA, Boettiger C, Phillips BL. After the games are over: life-history trade-offs drive dispersal attenuation following range expansion. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6425-6434. [PMID: 27777719 PMCID: PMC5058517 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased dispersal propensity often evolves on expanding range edges due to the Olympic Village effect, which involves the fastest and fittest finding themselves together in the same place at the same time, mating, and giving rise to like individuals. But what happens after the range's leading edge has passed and the games are over? Although empirical studies indicate that dispersal propensity attenuates following range expansion, hypotheses about the mechanisms driving this attenuation have not been clearly articulated or tested. Here, we used a simple model of the spatiotemporal dynamics of two phenotypes, one fast and the other slow, to propose that dispersal attenuation beyond preexpansion levels is only possible in the presence of trade‐offs between dispersal and life‐history traits. The Olympic Village effect ensures that fast dispersers preempt locations far from the range's previous limits. When trade‐offs are absent, this preemptive spatial advantage has a lasting impact, with highly dispersive individuals attaining equilibrium frequencies that are strictly higher than their introduction frequencies. When trade‐offs are present, dispersal propensity decays rapidly at all locations. Our model's results about the postcolonization trajectory of dispersal evolution are clear and, in principle, should be observable in field studies. We conclude that empirical observations of postcolonization dispersal attenuation offer a novel way to detect the existence of otherwise elusive trade‐offs between dispersal and life‐history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
| | - Carl Boettiger
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California
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15
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Korolev KS. Evolution Arrests Invasions of Cooperative Populations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:208104. [PMID: 26613477 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.208104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Population expansions trigger many biomedical and ecological transitions, from tumor growth to invasions of non-native species. Although population spreading often selects for more invasive phenotypes, we show that this outcome is far from inevitable. In cooperative populations, mutations reducing dispersal have a competitive advantage. Such mutations then steadily accumulate at the expansion front, bringing invasion to a halt. Our findings are a rare example of evolution driving the population into an unfavorable state, and they could lead to new strategies to combat unwelcome invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill S Korolev
- Department of Physics and Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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16
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17
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Leman H, Méléard S, Mirrahimi S. Influence of a spatial structure on the long time behavior of a competitive Lotka-Volterra type system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/dcdsb.2015.20.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Ramanantoanina A, Ouhinou A, Hui C. Spatial assortment of mixed propagules explains the acceleration of range expansion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103409. [PMID: 25105414 PMCID: PMC4126666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Range expansion of spreading organisms has been found to follow three types: (i) linear expansion with a constant rate of spread; (ii) bi-phase expansion with a faster linear expansion following a slower linear expansion; and (iii) accelerating expansion with a continuously increasing rate of spread. To date, no overarching formula exists that can be applied to all three types of range expansion. We investigated how propagule pressure, i.e., the initial number of individuals and their composition in terms of dispersal ability, affects the spread of a population. A system of integrodifference equations was then used to model the spatiotemporal dynamics of the population. We studied the dynamics of dispersal ability as well as the instantaneous and asymptotic rate of spread. We found that individuals with different dispersal abilities were spatially sorted with the stronger dispersers situated at the expanding range front, causing the velocity of expansion to accelerate. The instantaneous rate of spread was found to be fully determined by the growth and dispersal abilities of the population at the advancing edge of the invasion. We derived a formula for the asymptotic rate of spread under different scenarios of propagule pressure. The results suggest that data collected from the core of the invasion may underestimate the spreading rate of the population. Aside from better managing of invasive species, the derived formula could conceivably also be applied to conservation management of relocated, endangered or extra-limital species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriamihaja Ramanantoanina
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Muizenberg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Aziz Ouhinou
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Muizenberg, South Africa
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19
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Pigolotti S, Benzi R. Selective advantage of diffusing faster. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:188102. [PMID: 24856726 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.188102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study a stochastic spatial model of biological competition in which two species have the same birth and death rates, but different diffusion constants. In the absence of this difference, the model can be considered as an off-lattice version of the voter model and presents similar coarsening properties. We show that even a relative difference in diffusivity on the order of a few percent may lead to a strong bias in the coarsening process favoring the more agile species. We theoretically quantify this selective advantage and present analytical formulas for the average growth of the fastest species and its fixation probability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pigolotti
- Departament de Fisica i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya Edifici GAIA, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Benzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' di Roma "Tor Vergata" and INFN, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
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20
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Reiter M, Rulands S, Frey E. Range expansion of heterogeneous populations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:148103. [PMID: 24766021 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.148103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Risk spreading in bacterial populations is generally regarded as a strategy to maximize survival. Here, we study its role during range expansion of a genetically diverse population where growth and motility are two alternative traits. We find that during the initial expansion phase fast-growing cells do have a selective advantage. By contrast, asymptotically, generalists balancing motility and reproduction are evolutionarily most successful. These findings are rationalized by a set of coupled Fisher equations complemented by stochastic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Reiter
- Department of Physics, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 37, D-80333 München, Germany
| | - Steffen Rulands
- Department of Physics, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 37, D-80333 München, Germany
| | - Erwin Frey
- Department of Physics, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 37, D-80333 München, Germany
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21
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Lombaert E, Estoup A, Facon B, Joubard B, Grégoire JC, Jannin A, Blin A, Guillemaud T. Rapid increase in dispersal during range expansion in the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:508-17. [PMID: 24444045 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary trajectories associated with demographic, genetic and spatial disequilibrium have become an issue of growing interest in population biology. Invasive species provide unique opportunities to explore the impact of recent range expansion on life-history traits, making it possible to test for a spatial arrangement of dispersal abilities along the expanding range, in particular. We carried out controlled experiments in laboratory conditions to test the hypothesis of an increase in dispersal capacity with range expansion in Harmonia axyridis, a ladybird that has been invading Europe since 2001. We found a marked increase in the flight speed of the insects from the core to the front of the invasion range in two independent sampling transects. By contrast, we found that two other traits associated with dispersal (endurance and motivation to fly off) did not follow the same spatial gradient. Our results provide a striking illustration of the way in which predictable directional genetic changes may occur rapidly for some traits associated with dispersal during biological invasions. We discuss the consequences of our results for invasion dynamics and the evolutionary outcomes of spatially expanding populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lombaert
- UMR 1355 ISA, Inra, Sophia-Antipolis, France.,UMR ISA, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France.,UMR 7254 ISA, CNRS, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - A Estoup
- UMR CBGP (INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro), Inra, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - B Facon
- UMR CBGP (INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro), Inra, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - B Joubard
- UMR 1355 ISA, Inra, Sophia-Antipolis, France.,UMR ISA, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France.,UMR 7254 ISA, CNRS, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - J-C Grégoire
- LUBIES laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Jannin
- LUBIES laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Blin
- UMR 1355 ISA, Inra, Sophia-Antipolis, France.,UMR ISA, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France.,UMR 7254 ISA, CNRS, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - T Guillemaud
- UMR 1355 ISA, Inra, Sophia-Antipolis, France.,UMR ISA, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France.,UMR 7254 ISA, CNRS, Sophia-Antipolis, France
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22
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Hargreaves AL, Eckert CG. Evolution of dispersal and mating systems along geographic gradients: implications for shifting ranges. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Hargreaves
- Department of Biology; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
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23
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Perkins TA, Phillips BL, Baskett ML, Hastings A. Evolution of dispersal and life history interact to drive accelerating spread of an invasive species. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:1079-87. [PMID: 23809102 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Populations on the edge of an expanding range are subject to unique evolutionary pressures acting on their life-history and dispersal traits. Empirical evidence and theory suggest that traits there can evolve rapidly enough to interact with ecological dynamics, potentially giving rise to accelerating spread. Nevertheless, which of several evolutionary mechanisms drive this interaction between evolution and spread remains an open question. We propose an integrated theoretical framework for partitioning the contributions of different evolutionary mechanisms to accelerating spread, and we apply this model to invasive cane toads in northern Australia. In doing so, we identify a previously unrecognised evolutionary process that involves an interaction between life-history and dispersal evolution during range shift. In roughly equal parts, life-history evolution, dispersal evolution and their interaction led to a doubling of distance spread by cane toads in our model, highlighting the potential importance of multiple evolutionary processes in the dynamics of range expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alex Perkins
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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24
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Orlando PA, Gatenby RA, Brown JS. Tumor evolution in space: the effects of competition colonization tradeoffs on tumor invasion dynamics. Front Oncol 2013; 3:45. [PMID: 23508890 PMCID: PMC3589695 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We apply competition colonization tradeoff models to tumor growth and invasion dynamics to explore the hypothesis that varying selection forces will result in predictable phenotypic differences in cells at the tumor invasive front compared to those in the core. Spatially, ecologically, and evolutionarily explicit partial differential equation models of tumor growth confirm that spatial invasion produces selection pressure for motile phenotypes. The effects of the invasive phenotype on normal adjacent tissue determine the patterns of growth and phenotype distribution. If tumor cells do not destroy their environment, colonizer and competitive phenotypes coexist with the former localized at the invasion front and the latter, to the tumor interior. If tumors cells do destroy their environment, then cell motility is strongly selected resulting in accelerated invasion speed with time. Our results suggest that the widely observed genetic heterogeneity within cancers may not be the stochastic effect of random mutations. Rather, it may be the consequence of predictable variations in environmental selection forces and corresponding phenotypic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Orlando
- Biometry Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute Rockville, MD, USA
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