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Zhao G, Bresme F. Thermal Transport and Thermal Polarization of Water in the Supercooled Regime. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:9774-9779. [PMID: 39291825 PMCID: PMC11440598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The behavior of water in the deep supercooled regime has attracted significant interest, motivated by the hypothesis of the second critical point of water. Previous studies indicated the existence of a water anomaly, characterized by a minimum in the thermal conductivity of water. Here, we employ nonequilibrium molecular dynamics computer simulation and the TIP4P/2005 water force field to investigate the thermal conductivity of supercooled water targeting four different isobars, 1, 200, 700, and 1200 bar. We demonstrate using NEMD simulations the existence of minima in thermal conductivity associated with the maximum isothermal compressibility and the minimum speed of sound in water, hence establishing a firm connection with the second critical point of liquid water. Moreover, we demonstrate that thermal gradients polarize supercooled water with a thermal polarization coefficient of several mV/K. We explain the thermal polarization effect using a theoretical formulation introduced recently that connects the thermal polarization effect to the isobaric thermal expansion coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guansen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Bresme
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
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2
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Thermal Conductivity of Ionic Liquids and IoNanofluids. Can Molecular Theory Help? FLUIDS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fluids6030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids have been suggested as new engineering fluids, specifically in the area of heat transfer, and as alternatives to current biphenyl and diphenyl oxide, alkylated aromatics and dimethyl polysiloxane oils, which degrade above 200 °C, posing some environmental problems. Addition of nanoparticles to produce stable dispersions/gels of ionic liquids has proved to increase the thermal conductivity of the base ionic liquid, potentially contributing to better efficiency of heat transfer fluids. It is the purpose of this paper to analyze the prediction and estimation of the thermal conductivity of ionic liquids and IoNanofluids as a function of temperature, using the molecular theory of Bridgman and estimation methods previously developed for the base fluid. In addition, we consider methods that emphasize the importance of the interfacial area IL-NM in modelling the thermal conductivity enhancement. Results obtained show that it is not currently possible to predict or estimate the thermal conductivity of ionic liquids with an uncertainty commensurate with the best experimental values. The models of Maxwell and Hamilton are not capable of estimating the thermal conductivity enhancement of IoNanofluids, and it is clear that the Murshed, Leong and Yang model is not practical, if no additional information, either using imaging techniques at nanoscale or molecular dynamics simulations, is available.
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3
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Thermal Conductivity of Metastable Ionic Liquid [C 2mim][CH 3SO 3]. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184290. [PMID: 32962096 PMCID: PMC7570973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids have been suggested as new engineering fluids, namely in the area of heat transfer, as alternatives to current biphenyl and diphenyl oxide, alkylated aromatics and dimethyl polysiloxane oils, which degrade above 200 °C and pose some environmental problems. Recently, we have proposed 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate, [C2mim][CH3SO3], as a new heat transfer fluid, because of its thermophysical and toxicological properties. However, there are some interesting points raised in this work, namely the possibility of the existence of liquid metastability below the melting point (303 K) or second order-disorder transitions (λ-type) before reaching the calorimetric freezing point. This paper analyses in more detail this zone of the phase diagram of the pure fluid, by reporting accurate thermal-conductivity measurements between 278 and 355 K with an estimated uncertainty of 2% at a 95% confidence level. A new value of the melting temperature is also reported, Tmelt = 307.8 ± 1 K. Results obtained support liquid metastability behaviour in the solid-phase region and permit the use of this ionic liquid at a heat transfer fluid at temperatures below its melting point. Thermal conductivity models based on Bridgman theory and estimation formulas were also used in this work, failing to predict the experimental data within its uncertainty.
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Colucci D, Fissore D, Barresi AA, Braatz RD. A new mathematical model for monitoring the temporal evolution of the ice crystal size distribution during freezing in pharmaceutical solutions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 148:148-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Bulk Dynamic Spray Freeze-Drying Part 1: Modeling of Droplet Cooling and Phase Change. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2063-2074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Supercooled Water Droplet Impacting Superhydrophobic Surfaces in the Presence of Cold Air Flow. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Dhabal D, Chakravarty C, Molinero V, Kashyap HK. Comparison of liquid-state anomalies in Stillinger-Weber models of water, silicon, and germanium. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:214502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4967939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Debdas Dhabal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Charusita Chakravarty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Valeria Molinero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Hemant K. Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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8
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Urbic T. Liquid-liquid critical point in a simple analytical model of water. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:042126. [PMID: 27841542 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.042126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A statistical model for a simple three-dimensional Mercedes-Benz model of water was used to study phase diagrams. This model on a simple level describes the thermal and volumetric properties of waterlike molecules. A molecule is presented as a soft sphere with four directions in which hydrogen bonds can be formed. Two neighboring waters can interact through a van der Waals interaction or an orientation-dependent hydrogen-bonding interaction. For pure water, we explored properties such as molar volume, density, heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficient, and isothermal compressibility and found that the volumetric and thermal properties follow the same trends with temperature as in real water and are in good general agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. The model exhibits also two critical points for liquid-gas transition and transition between low-density and high-density fluid. Coexistence curves and a Widom line for the maximum and minimum in thermal expansion coefficient divides the phase space of the model into three parts: in one part we have gas region, in the second a high-density liquid, and the third region contains low-density liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaz Urbic
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna Pot 113, 1000 Lubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Johari GP, Teixeira J. Thermodynamic Analysis of the Two-Liquid Model for Anomalies of Water, HDL-LDL Fluctuations, and Liquid-Liquid Transition. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:14210-20. [PMID: 26436324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
After reviewing the protocol-dependent properties of HDA, which thermally anneals to LDA, and the data gap over an unusually large T-range between HDA, LDA, and water, we investigate whether or not, despite HDA's ill-defined state and distinction from a glass, the HDL-LDL fluctuations view of the two-liquid model can explain water's anomalous behavior. An analysis of the density, ρ, compressibility, β, heat capacity, Cp, and thermal conductivity, κ, of water over a monotonic (continuous) path bridging this data gap shows the following: (i) Such a path between ρwater at 320 K and ρHDA yields an untenable thermal expansion coefficient of water. (ii) There is neither a continuous path between βwater at 353 K and βHDA, nor between Cp,water at 363 K and Cp,HDA. (iii) The same value of ρwater, of βwater, or of Cp,water at two temperatures separated by a maxima or a minima is incompatible with the HDL-LDL fluctuations view. (iv) κLDA at ∼140 K is about twice that of κ water at 253 K. (v) κHDA at 120 K is incompatible with κwater at T > 320 K. Thus, there is an internal inconsistency between the thermodynamics of HDA seen as a glass and that of water seen as an HDL-LDL mixture, which is incompatible with both the HDL-LDL fluctuations view and the liquid-liquid transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Johari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.,Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA/CNRS), CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J Teixeira
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.,Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA/CNRS), CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Huš M, Urbic T. Existence of a liquid-liquid phase transition in methanol. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:062306. [PMID: 25615092 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.062306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple model is constructed to study the phase diagram and thermodynamic properties of methanol, which is described as a dimer of an apolar sphere mimicking the methyl group and a sphere with core-softened potential as the hydroxyl group. Performing classical Monte Carlo simulations, we obtained the phase diagram, showing a second critical point between two different liquid phases. Evaluating systems with a different number of particles, we extrapolate to infinite size in accordance with Ising universality class to obtain bulk values for critical temperature, pressure, and density. Strong evidence that the structure of the liquid changes upon transition from high- to low-density phase was provided. From the experimentally determined hydrogen bond strength and length in methanol and water, we propose where the second critical point of methanol should be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Huš
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaz Urbic
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Holten V, Palmer JC, Poole PH, Debenedetti PG, Anisimov MA. Two-state thermodynamics of the ST2 model for supercooled water. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:104502. [PMID: 24628177 DOI: 10.1063/1.4867287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermodynamic properties of the ST2 model for supercooled liquid water exhibit anomalies similar to those observed in real water. A possible explanation of these anomalies is the existence of a metastable, liquid-liquid transition terminated by a critical point. This phenomenon, whose possible existence in real water is the subject of much current experimental work, has been unambiguously demonstrated for this particular model by most recent simulations. In this work, we reproduce the anomalies of two versions of the ST2 model with an equation of state describing water as a non-ideal "mixture" of two different types of local molecular order. We show that the liquid-liquid transition in the ST2 water is energy-driven. This is in contrast to another popular model, mW, in which non-ideality in mixing of two alternative local molecular orders is entropy-driven, and is not sufficiently strong to induce a liquid-liquid transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Holten
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jeremy C Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Peter H Poole
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Pablo G Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Mikhail A Anisimov
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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12
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English NJ, Tse JS. Thermal Conductivity of Supercooled Water: An Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Exploration. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3819-3824. [PMID: 26278754 DOI: 10.1021/jz5016179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The thermal conductivity of both supercooled and ambient-temperature water at atmospheric pressure has been computed over the 140-270 K temperature range for three popular water models via equilibrium molecular dynamics in the Green-Kubo setting. No strong temperature dependence of thermal conductivity was observed. The underlying phonon modes contributing to thermal conduction processes have been examined in the present work, and it has been established that (translational) acoustic modes dominate in supercooled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall J English
- †The SEC Strategic Research Cluster and the Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John S Tse
- ‡Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
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13
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Huš M, Urbic T. Thermodynamics and the hydrophobic effect in a core-softened model and comparison with experiments. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:022115. [PMID: 25215697 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.022115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple and computationally inexpensive core-softened model, originally proposed by Franzese [G. Franzese, J. Mol. Liq. 136, 267 (2007)], was adopted to show that it exhibits properties of waterlike fluid and hydrophobic effect. The potential used between particles is spherically symmetric with two characteristic lengths. Thermodynamics of nonpolar solvation were modeled as an insertion of a modified Lennard-Jones particle. It was investigated how the anomalous predictions of the model as well as the nonpolar solvation compare with the experimental data for water anomalies and the temperature dependence of noble gases hydration. It was shown that the model qualitatively follows the same trends as water. The model is able to reproduce waterlike anomalous properties (density maximum, heat capacity minimum, isothermal compressibility, etc.) and hydrophobic effect (minimum solubility for nonpolar solutes near ambient conditions, increased solubility of larger noble gases, etc.). It is argued that the model yields similar results as more complex and computationally expensive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Huš
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Aškerčeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaz Urbic
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Aškerčeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Bresme F, Biddle JW, Sengers JV, Anisimov MA. Communication: Minimum in the thermal conductivity of supercooled water: A computer simulation study. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:161104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4873167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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15
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Huš M, Urbic T. The hydrophobic effect in a simple isotropic water-like model: Monte Carlo study. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:144904. [PMID: 24735315 DOI: 10.1063/1.4870514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using Monte Carlo computer simulations, we show that a simple isotropic water-like model with two characteristic lengths can reproduce the hydrophobic effect and the solvation properties of small and large non-polar solutes. Influence of temperature, pressure, and solute size on the thermodynamic properties of apolar solute solvation in a water model was systematically studied, showing two different solvation regimes. Small particles can fit into the cavities around the solvent particles, inducing additional order in the system and lowering the overall entropy. Large particles force the solvent to disrupt their network, increasing the entropy of the system. At low temperatures, the ordering effect of small solutes is very pronounced. Above the cross-over temperature, which strongly depends on the solute size, the entropy change becomes strictly positive. Pressure dependence was also investigated, showing a "cross-over pressure" where the entropy and enthalpy of solvation are the lowest. These results suggest two fundamentally different solvation mechanisms, as observed experimentally in water and computationally in various water-like models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Huš
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaz Urbic
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Huš M, Urbic T. Core-softened fluids as a model for water and the hydrophobic effect. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:114504. [PMID: 24070294 DOI: 10.1063/1.4821226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An interaction model with core-softened potential in three dimensions was studied by Monte Carlo computer simulations and integral equation theory. We investigated the possibility that a fluid with a core-softened potential can reproduce anomalies found experimentally in liquid water, such as the density anomaly, the minimum in the isothermal compressibility as a function of temperature, and others. Critical points of the fluid were also determined. We provided additional arguments that the old notion, postulating that only angular-dependent interactions result in density anomaly, is incorrect. We showed that potential with two characteristic distances is sufficient for the system to exhibit water-like behavior and anomalies, including the famous density maximum. We also found that this model can properly describe the hydrophobic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Huš
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chair of Physical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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17
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Mallamace F, Corsaro C, Stanley HE. Possible relation of water structural relaxation to water anomalies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:4899-904. [PMID: 23483053 PMCID: PMC3612662 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221805110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The anomalous behavior of thermodynamic response functions is an unsolved problem in the physics of water. The mechanism that gives rise to the dramatic indefinite increase at low temperature in the heat capacity, the compressibility, and the coefficient of thermal expansion, is unknown. We explore this problem by analyzing both new and existing experimental data on the power spectrum S(Q, ω) of bulk and confined water at ambient pressure. When decreasing the temperature, we find that the liquid undergoes a structural transformation coinciding with the onset of an extended hydrogen bond network. This network onset seems to give rise to the marked viscoelastic behavior, consistent with the interesting possibility that the sound velocity and response functions of water depend upon both the frequency and wave vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mallamace
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Messina and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici (CNR-IPCF), I-98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; and
- Center for Polymer Studies, and Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Carmelo Corsaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Messina and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici (CNR-IPCF), I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - H. Eugene Stanley
- Center for Polymer Studies, and Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
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