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Lieou CKC, Egami T. Mean-field model for the Curie-Weiss temperature dependence of coherence length in metallic liquids. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:044135. [PMID: 35590557 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.044135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The coherence length of the medium-range order (MRO) in metallic liquids is known to display a Curie-Weiss temperature dependence; its inverse is linearly related to temperature, and when extrapolated from temperatures above the glass transition, the coherence length diverges at a negative temperature with a critical exponent of unity. We propose a mean-field pseudospin model that explains this behavior. Specifically, we model the atoms and their local environment as Ising spins with antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. We further superimpose an exchange interaction between dynamical heterogeneities, or clusters of atoms undergoing cooperative motion. The coherence length in the metallic liquid is thus the correlation length between dynamical heterogeneities. Our results reaffirm the idea that the MRO coherence length is a measure of point-to-set correlations, and that local frustrations in the interatomic interactions are prominent in metallic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K C Lieou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Takeshi Egami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA; and Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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2
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Zheng Z, Ni R, Wang Y, Han Y. Translational and rotational critical-like behaviors in the glass transition of colloidal ellipsoid monolayers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/3/eabd1958. [PMID: 33523902 PMCID: PMC7810379 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Critical-like behaviors have been found in translational degrees of freedom near the glass transition of spherical particle systems mainly with local polycrystalline structures, but it is not clear if criticality exists in more general glassy systems composed of nonspherical particles without crystalline structures. Here, through experiments and simulations, we show critical-like behaviors in both translational and rotational degrees of freedom in monolayers of monodisperse colloidal ellipsoids in the absence of crystalline orders. We find rich features of the Ising-like criticality in structure and slow dynamics at the ideal glass transition point ϕ0, showing the thermodynamic nature of glass transition at ϕ0 A dynamic criticality is found at the mode-coupling critical point ϕc for the fast-moving clusters whose critical exponents increase linearly with fragility, reflecting a dynamic glass transition. These results cast light on the glass transition and explain the mystery that the dynamic correlation lengths diverge at two different temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Zheng
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Ni
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yuren Wang
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Han
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Ben Ishai P, Kidder MK, Kolesnikov AI, Anovitz LM. One-Dimensional Glassy Behavior of Ultraconfined Water Strings. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7798-7804. [PMID: 32845641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water is renowned for its anomalous behaviors, which can be linked to a distributed H-bond network in bulk water. Ultraconfinement of the water molecule can remove H-bonding, leaving only molecular water. In natural cordierite crystals, water is trapped in an orthorhombic channel with an average diameter of 5.7 Å, running through the center of the unit cell parallel to the c-axis. Calorimetric measurements reveal the existence of a one-dimensional (1D) glass linked to this water. In these channels, water molecules in truncated, sparse 1D strings interact only via dipole-dipole correlations. A physical 1D glass is formed from these strings. This unusual state can be explained by a modified Ising model. This model predicts a dependence of the glass transition temperature, Tg, on the size of these domains. This is confirmed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ben Ishai
- Department of Physics, Ariel University, 40700 Ariel, Israel
| | - Michelle K Kidder
- Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexander I Kolesnikov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Lawrence M Anovitz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Tong H, Tanaka H. Structural order as a genuine control parameter of dynamics in simple glass formers. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5596. [PMID: 31811143 PMCID: PMC6898187 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass transition is characterised by drastic dynamical slowing down upon cooling, accompanied by growing spatial heterogeneity. Its rationalisation by subtle changes in the liquid structure has been long debated but remains elusive, due to intrinsic difficulty in detecting the underlying complex structural ordering. Here we report that structural order parameter characterising local packing capability can well describe the glassy dynamics not only macroscopically but also microscopically, no matter whether it is driven by temperature or density. A Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT)-like relation is universally identified between the structural relaxation time and the order parameter for supercooled liquids with isotropic interactions. More importantly, we find such an intriguing VFT-like relation to be statistically valid even at a particle level, between spatially coarse-grained structural order and microscopic particle-level dynamics. Such a unified description of glassy dynamics based solely on structural order is expected to contribute to the ultimate understanding of the long-standing glass-transition problem. The glass-forming materials exhibit dynamical slowing down together with spatial heterogeneity at microscales, but their origin remains debated. Tong and Tanaka show that this phenomenon can be unified based on a structural order parameter capable of detecting subtle ordering in instantaneous liquid states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tong
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
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Peng YJ, Liu YL, Wu Q, Sun PC. Study on the Glass Transition Process of Polymer System Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:1071-1076. [PMID: 28890493 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The change in the infrared spectrum of polymer samples with temperature and their differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experimental results are analyzed. According to the van't Hoff equation at constant pressure, the changes in the absorbance ratio corresponding to high and low vibrational states are calculated, and the apparent enthalpy differences of the vibration energy states transformation of the characteristic group can be obtained. From the experimental results, we can find that characteristic vibration modes of a chemical group in a polymer are under the influence of the glass transition process of the polymer with a different extent. The characteristic vibration modes of the same chemical group behave differently due to the influence of the polymer system at which the chemical moiety is situated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Peng
- Teaching and Research Section of Physics, College of Comprehensive Studies, Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Yu-Ling Liu
- Teaching and Research Section of Physics, College of Comprehensive Studies, Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Qiang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University
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Wu B, Iwashita T, Egami T. Anisotropy of stress correlation in two-dimensional liquids and a pseudospin model. Phys Rev E 2015; 92:052303. [PMID: 26651691 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.052303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Liquids are condensed matter in which atoms are strongly correlated in position and momentum. The atomic pair density function (PDF) is used often in describing such correlation. However, elucidation of many properties requires higher degrees of correlation than the pair correlation. For instance, viscosity depends upon the stress correlations in space and time. In this paper, we examine the cross correlation between the stress correlation at the atomic level and the PDF for two-dimensional liquids. We introduce the concept of the stress-resolved pair distribution function (SRPDF) that uses the sign of atomic-level stress as a selection rule to include particles from density correlations. The connection between SRPDFs and stress correlation function is explained through an approximation in which the shear stress is replaced by a pseudospin. We further assess the possibility of interpreting the long-range stress correlation as a consequence of short-range Ising-like pseudospin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Joint Institute of Neutron Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Takuya Iwashita
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Takeshi Egami
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Joint Institute of Neutron Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,Tennessee 37996, USA.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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7
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Use of polydispersity index as control parameter to study melting/freezing of Lennard-Jones system: Comparison among predictions of bifurcation theory with Lindemann criterion, inherent structure analysis and Hansen-Verlet rule. J CHEM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-015-0937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Assessing the role of static length scales behind glassy dynamics in polydisperse hard disks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6920-4. [PMID: 26038545 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501911112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible role of growing static order in the dynamical slowing down toward the glass transition has recently attracted considerable attention. On the basis of random first-order transition theory, a new method to measure the static correlation length of amorphous order, called "point-to-set" (PTS) length, has been proposed and used to show that the dynamic length grows much faster than the static length. Here, we study the nature of the PTS length, using a polydisperse hard-disk system, which is a model that is known to exhibit a growing hexatic order upon densification. We show that the PTS correlation length is decoupled from the steeper increase of the correlation length of hexatic order and dynamic heterogeneity, while closely mirroring the decay length of two-body density correlations. Our results thus provide a clear example that other forms of order can play an important role in the slowing down of the dynamics, casting a serious doubt on the order-agnostic nature of the PTS length and its relevance to slow dynamics, provided that a polydisperse hard-disk system is a typical glass former.
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Hocky GM, Coslovich D, Ikeda A, Reichman DR. Correlation of local order with particle mobility in supercooled liquids is highly system dependent. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:157801. [PMID: 25375744 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.157801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the connection between local structure and dynamical heterogeneity in supercooled liquids. Through the study of four different models, we show that the correlation between a particle's mobility and the degree of local order in nearby regions is highly system dependent. Our results suggest that the correlation between local structure and dynamics is weak or absent in systems that conform well to the mean-field picture of glassy dynamics and strong in those that deviate from this paradigm. Finally, we investigate the role of order-agnostic point-to-set correlations and reveal that they provide similar information content to local structure measures, at least in the system where local order is most pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen M Hocky
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Daniele Coslovich
- CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, Montpellier 34095, France and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, Montpellier 34095, France and Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Lieou CKC, Elbanna AE, Langer JS, Carlson JM. Shear flow of angular grains: acoustic effects and nonmonotonic rate dependence of volume. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:032204. [PMID: 25314434 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.032204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring granular materials often consist of angular particles whose shape and frictional characteristics may have important implications on macroscopic flow rheology. In this paper, we provide a theoretical account for the peculiar phenomenon of autoacoustic compaction-nonmonotonic variation of shear band volume with shear rate in angular particles-recently observed in experiments. Our approach is based on the notion that the volume of a granular material is determined by an effective-disorder temperature known as the compactivity. Noise sources in a driven granular material couple its various degrees of freedom and the environment, causing the flow of entropy between them. The grain-scale dynamics is described by the shear-transformation-zone theory of granular flow, which accounts for irreversible plastic deformation in terms of localized flow defects whose density is governed by the state of configurational disorder. To model the effects of grain shape and frictional characteristics, we propose an Ising-like internal variable to account for nearest-neighbor grain interlocking and geometric frustration and interpret the effect of friction as an acoustic noise strength. We show quantitative agreement between experimental measurements and theoretical predictions and propose additional experiments that provide stringent tests on the new theoretical elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K C Lieou
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Ahmed E Elbanna
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - J S Langer
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J M Carlson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Kawasaki T, Tanaka H. Structural evolution in the aging process of supercooled colloidal liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:062315. [PMID: 25019784 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.062315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
When a liquid is rapidly quenched to a temperature below the glass-transition point, it is driven out of equilibrium; it then slowly relaxes to a (quasi)equilibrium state. This slow relaxation process is called aging. By definition, any glasses are inevitably in the process of aging and actually slowly evolving with time. Thus the study of aging phenomena is of fundamental importance for understanding not only the nonequilibrium nature of the glass transition, but also the stability of glassy materials. Here we consider aging after a rather shallow quench, for which a system is still able to reach (metastable) equilibrium. By using polydisperse colloidal liquids as a model, we show the validity of dynamical scaling that there is only one relevant length scale not only for a quasiequilibrium supercooled state but also for a nonequilibrium process of aging, which is reminiscent of dynamical critical phenomena. Our finding indicates that the aging toward (metastable) equilibrium may be regarded as the growth process of critical-like fluctuations of static order associated with low-free-energy configurations, further suggesting that this ordering is the origin of cooperative slow dynamics in the systems studied. The generality of this statement for other glass-forming systems remains for a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawasaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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Structural signatures of dynamic heterogeneities in monolayers of colloidal ellipsoids. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3829. [PMID: 24807069 PMCID: PMC4024749 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When a liquid is supercooled towards the glass transition, its dynamics drastically slows down, whereas its static structure remains relatively unchanged. Finding a structural signature of the dynamic slowing down is a major challenge, yet it is often too subtle to be uncovered. Here we discover the structural signatures for both translational and rotational dynamics in monolayers of colloidal ellipsoids by video microscopy experiments and computer simulations. The correlation lengths of the dynamic slowest-moving clusters, the static glassy clusters, the static local structural entropy and the dynamic heterogeneity follow the same power-law divergence, suggesting that the kinetic slowing down is caused by a decrease in the structural entropy and an increase in the size of the glassy cluster. Ellipsoids with different aspect ratios exhibit single- or double-step glass transitions with distinct dynamic heterogeneities. These findings demonstrate that the particle shape anisotropy has important effects on the structure and dynamics of the glass. To establish a structural signature of slow dynamics as a system approaches the glass transition is challenging. Here, the authors identify, by performing video microscopy experiments and simulations, two structural signatures for the rotational and translational dynamics in monolayers of colloidal ellipsoids.
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Langer JS. Theories of glass formation and the glass transition. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:042501. [PMID: 24646953 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/4/042501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This key-issues review is a plea for a new focus on simpler and more realistic models of glass-forming fluids. It seems to me that we have too often been led astray by sophisticated mathematical models that beautifully capture some of the most intriguing features of glassy behavior, but are too unrealistic to provide bases for predictive theories. As illustrations of what I mean, the first part of this article is devoted to brief summaries of imaginative, sensible, but disparate and often contradictory ideas for solving glass problems. Almost all of these ideas remain alive today, with their own enthusiastic advocates. I then describe numerical simulations, mostly by H Tanaka and coworkers, in which it appears that very simple, polydisperse systems of hard disks and spheres develop long range, Ising-like, bond-orientational order as they approach glass transitions. Finally, I summarize my recent proposal that topologically ordered clusters of particles, in disordered environments, tend to become aligned with each other as if they were two-state systems, and thus produce the observed Ising-like behavior. Neither Tanaka's results nor my proposed interpretation of them fit comfortably within any of the currently popular glass theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Langer
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
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14
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Tanaka H. Importance of many-body orientational correlations in the physical description of liquids. Faraday Discuss 2013; 167:9-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00110e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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