1
|
Abstract
Active colloids use energy input at the particle level to propel persistent motion and direct dynamic assemblies. We consider three types of colloids animated by chemical reactions, time-varying magnetic fields, and electric currents. For each type, we review the basic propulsion mechanisms at the particle level and discuss their consequences for collective behaviors in particle ensembles. These microscopic systems provide useful experimental models of nonequilibrium many-body physics in which dissipative currents break time-reversal symmetry. Freed from the constraints of thermodynamic equilibrium, active colloids assemble to form materials that move, reconfigure, heal, and adapt. Colloidal machines based on engineered particles and their assemblies provide a basis for mobile robots with increasing levels of autonomy. This review provides a conceptual framework for understanding and applying active colloids to create material systems that mimic the functions of living matter. We highlight opportunities for chemical engineers to contribute to this growing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J M Bishop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;
| | - Sibani Lisa Biswal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bhuvnesh Bharti
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan C, Mahmoudabadbozchelou M, Duan X, Benneyan JC, Jamali S, Erb RM. Increasing efficiency and accuracy of magnetic interaction calculations in colloidal simulation through machine learning. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 611:29-38. [PMID: 34929436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calculating the magnetic interaction between magnetic particles that are positioned in close proximity to one another is a surprisingly challenging task. Exact solutions for this interaction exist either through numerical expansion of multipolar interactions or through solving Maxwell's equations with a finite element solver. These approaches can take hours for simple configurations of three particles. Meanwhile, across a range of scientific and engineering problems, machine learning approaches have been developed as fast computational platforms for solving complex systems of interest when large data sets are available. In this paper, we bring the touted benefits of recent advances in science-based machine learning algorithms to bear on the problem of modeling the magnetic interaction between three particles. We investigate this approach using diverse machine learning systems including physics informed neural networks. We find that once the training data has been collected and the model has been initiated, simulation times are reduced from hours to mere seconds while maintaining remarkable accuracy. Despite this promise, we also try to lay bare the current challenges of applying machine learning to these and more complex colloidal systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhou Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02465, USA
| | | | - Xiaoli Duan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02465, USA
| | - James C Benneyan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02465, USA
| | - Safa Jamali
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02465, USA.
| | - Randall M Erb
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02465, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Komarov KA, Mantsevich VN, Yurchenko SO. Core-shell particles in rotating electric and magnetic fields: Designing tunable interactions via particle engineering. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:084903. [PMID: 34470364 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunable interactions between colloidal particles, governed by external rotating electric or magnetic fields, yield rich capabilities for prospective self-assembly technologies of materials and fundamental particle-resolved studies of phase transitions and transport phenomena in soft matter. However, the role of the internal structure of colloidal particles in the tunable interactions has never been systematically investigated. Here, we study the tunable interactions between composite particles with core-shell structure in a rotating electric field and show that the engineering of their internal structure provides an effective tool for designing the interactions. We generalized an integral theory and studied the tunable interactions between core-shell particles with homogeneous cores (layered particles) and cores with nano-inclusions to reveal the main trends in the interactions influenced by the structure. We found that depending on the materials of the core, shell, and solvent, the interactions with the attractive pairwise part and positive or negative three-body part can be obtained, as well as pairwise repulsion with attractive three-body interactions (for triangular triplets). The latter case is observed for the first time, being unattainable for homogeneous particles but feasible with core-shell particles: Qualitatively similar interactions are inherent to charged colloids (repulsive pairwise and attractive three-body energies), known as a model system of globular proteins. The methods and conclusions of our paper can be generalized for magnetic and 3D colloidal systems. The results make a significant advance in the analysis of tunable interactions in colloidal systems, which are of broad interest in condensed matter, chemical physics, physical chemistry, materials science, and soft matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A Komarov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Str. 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Mantsevich
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Str. 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav O Yurchenko
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Str. 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spatafora-Salazar A, Lobmeyer DM, Cunha LHP, Joshi K, Biswal SL. Hierarchical assemblies of superparamagnetic colloids in time-varying magnetic fields. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1120-1155. [PMID: 33492321 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01878c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetically-guided colloidal assembly has proven to be a versatile method for building hierarchical particle assemblies. This review describes the dipolar interactions that govern superparamagnetic colloids in time-varying magnetic fields, and how such interactions have guided colloidal assembly into materials with increasing complexity that display novel dynamics. The assembly process is driven by magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, whose strength can be tuned to be attractive or repulsive. Generally, these interactions are directional in static external magnetic fields. More recently, time-varying magnetic fields have been utilized to generate dipolar interactions that vary in both time and space, allowing particle interactions to be tuned from anisotropic to isotropic. These interactions guide the dynamics of hierarchical assemblies of 1-D chains, 2-D networks, and 2-D clusters in both static and time-varying fields. Specifically, unlinked and chemically-linked colloidal chains exhibit complex dynamics, such as fragmentation, buckling, coiling, and wagging phenomena. 2-D networks exhibit controlled porosity and interesting coarsening dynamics. Finally, 2-D clusters have shown to be an ideal model system for exploring phenomena related to statistical thermodynamics. This review provides recent advances in this fast-growing field with a focus on its scientific potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Spatafora-Salazar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Dana M Lobmeyer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Lucas H P Cunha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Kedar Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Sibani Lisa Biswal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Komarov KA, Yurchenko SO. Colloids in rotating electric and magnetic fields: designing tunable interactions with spatial field hodographs. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8155-8168. [PMID: 32797126 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01046d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Opening a way to designing tunable interactions between colloidal particles in rotating electric and magnetic fields provides rich opportunities both for fundamental studies of phase transitions and engineering of soft materials. Spatial hodographs, showing the distribution of the field magnitude and orientation, allow the adjustment of interactions and can be an extremely potent tool for prospective experiments, but remain unstudied systematically. Here, we calculate the tunable interactions between spherical particles in rhodonea, conical, cylindrical, and ellipsoidal field hodographs, as the most experimentally important cases. We discovered that spatial hodographs are reduced to each other, providing a plethora of interactions, e.g., repulsive, attractive, barrier-like, and double-scale repulsive ones. Complementing the "magic" conical angle, the "magic" compression and ellipticity of cylindrical and ellipsoidal hodographs are introduced. In the "magic" hodographs, the interactions become spatially isotropic and attain dispersion-force-like asymptotic (the same for pairwise and many-body energies), being attractive or repulsive, if the particle permittivity is larger or smaller than that of the solvent. With the diagrammatic method and numerical calculations, we obtained physically meaningful fits to the many-body tunable potentials for silica (iron oxide) particles in deionised water in the rotating electric (magnetic) fields. Our results provide essential guidance for future experiments and simulations of colloidal liquids, crystals, gels, and glasses, important for a broad range of problems in condensed matter, chemical physics, physical chemistry, materials science, and soft matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A Komarov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Street 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia. and Institute for High Pressure Physics RAS, Kaluzhskoe Shosse, 14, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia
| | - Stanislav O Yurchenko
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Street 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Komarov KA, Yarkov AV, Yurchenko SO. Diagrammatic method for tunable interactions in colloidal suspensions in rotating electric or magnetic fields. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5131255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A. Komarov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Str. 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for High Pressure Physics RAS, Kaluzhskoe Shosse 14, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Yarkov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Str. 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Coughlan ACH, Torres-Díaz I, Zhang J, Bevan MA. Non-equilibrium steady-state colloidal assembly dynamics. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:204902. [PMID: 31153195 DOI: 10.1063/1.5094554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simulations and experiments are reported for nonequilibrium steady-state assembly of small colloidal crystal clusters in rotating magnetic fields vs frequency and amplitude. High-dimensional trajectories of particle coordinates from image analysis of experiments and from Stokesian Dynamic computer simulations are fit to low-dimensional reaction coordinate based Fokker-Planck and Langevin equations. The coefficients of these equations are effective energy and diffusivity landscapes that capture configuration-dependent energy and friction for nonequilibrium steady-state dynamics. Two reaction coordinates that capture condensation and anisotropy of dipolar chains folding into crystals are sufficient to capture high-dimensional experimental and simulated dynamics in terms of first passage time distributions. Our findings illustrate how field-mediated nonequilibrium steady-state colloidal assembly dynamics can be modeled to interpret and design pathways toward target microstructures and morphologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C H Coughlan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Isaac Torres-Díaz
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Michael A Bevan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kryuchkov NP, Smallenburg F, Ivlev AV, Yurchenko SO, Löwen H. Phase diagram of two-dimensional colloids with Yukawa repulsion and dipolar attraction. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:104903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5082785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita P. Kryuchkov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Street 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Frank Smallenburg
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Alexei V. Ivlev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stanislav O. Yurchenko
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Street 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Komarov KA, Kryuchkov NP, Yurchenko SO. Tunable interactions between particles in conically rotating electric fields. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9657-9674. [PMID: 30457624 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01538d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tunable interactions between colloidal particles in external conically rotating electric fields are calculated, while the (vertical) axis of the field rotation is normal to the (horizontal) particle motion plane. The comparison of different approaches, including the methods of noninteracting, self-consistent dipoles, and the boundary element method, indicates that the last method is the most suitable for tunable interaction analysis. Thorough analysis, performed for interactions in pairs and clusters of colloidal particles, indicate that two- and three-body interactions make the main contributions in the interaction energy, while the effect of high-order terms is negligible. The tunable interactions are determined by the dielectric properties of the particles and solvent and can be changed in a wide range, providing a rich variety for the experimental "design" of different interactions, including repulsion, attraction, combination of short-range repulsion with long-range attraction, barrier-type interactions with short-range attraction and long-range repulsion, and double-scale repulsive (core-shoulder) interactions. These conclusions can be generalized for magnetically induced tunable interactions. The results indicate that tunable interactions can be widely applied in self-assembly and particle-resolved studies of generic phenomena in fluids and crystals, and, therefore, are of broad interest in the fields of chemical physics, physical chemistry, materials science, and soft matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A Komarov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya street 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abdi H, Soheilian R, Erb RM, Maloney CE. Paramagnetic colloids: Chaotic routes to clusters and molecules. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:032601. [PMID: 29776020 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.032601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present computer simulations and experiments on dilute suspensions of superparamagnetic particles subject to rotating magnetic fields. We focus on chains of four particles and their decay routes to stable structures. At low rates, the chains track the external field. At intermediate rates, the chains break up but perform a periodic (albeit complex) motion. At sufficiently high rates, the chains generally undergo chaotic motion at short times and decay to either closely packed clusters or more dispersed, colloidal molecules at long times. We show that the transition out of the chaotic states can be described as a Poisson process in both simulation and experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Abdi
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | - Randall M Erb
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Matysiak-Brynda E, Siekiera I, Królikowska A, Donten M, Nowicka AM. Combination of copolymer film (PPy-PPyCOOH) and magnetic nanoparticles as an electroactive and biocompatible platform for electrochemical purposes. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Coughlan ACH, Bevan MA. Effective colloidal interactions in rotating magnetic fields. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:074903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4986501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. H. Coughlan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Michael A. Bevan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sarfati R, Bławzdziewicz J, Dufresne ER. Maximum likelihood estimations of force and mobility from single short Brownian trajectories. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:2174-2180. [PMID: 28233883 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00174f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method to extract force and diffusion parameters from single trajectories of Brownian particles. The analysis, based on the principle of maximum likelihood, is well-suited for out-of-equilibrium trajectories, even when a limited amount of data is available and the dynamical parameters vary spatially. We substantiate this method with experimental and simulated data, and discuss its practical implementation, strengths, and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Sarfati
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jerzy Bławzdziewicz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Eric R Dufresne
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Du D, Doxastakis M, Hilou E, Biswal SL. Two-dimensional melting of colloids with long-range attractive interactions. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:1548-1553. [PMID: 28098323 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02131j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The solid-liquid melting transition in a two-dimensional (2-D) attractive colloidal system is visualized using superparamagnetic colloids that interact through a long-range isotropic attractive interaction potential, which is induced using a high-frequency rotating magnetic field. Various experiments, supported by Monte Carlo simulations, are carried out over a range of interaction potentials and densities to determine structure factors, Lindermann parameters, and translational and orientational order parameters. The system shows a first-order solid-liquid melting transition. Simulations and experiments suggest that dislocations and disclinations simultaneously unbind during melting. This is in direct contrast with reports of 2-D melting of paramagnetic particles that interact with a repulsive interaction potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Du
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St. MS-362, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Manolis Doxastakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Elaa Hilou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St. MS-362, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Sibani Lisa Biswal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St. MS-362, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Coughlan ACH, Bevan MA. Rotating colloids in rotating magnetic fields: Dipolar relaxation and hydrodynamic coupling. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:042613. [PMID: 27841476 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.042613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Video microscopy (VM) experiments and Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations were used to measure and model superparamagnetic colloidal particles in rotating magnetic fields for interaction energies on the order of the thermal energy, kT. Results from experiments and simulations were compared for isolated particle rotation, particle rotation within doublets, doublet rotation, and separation within doublets vs field rotation frequency. Agreement between VM and BD results was obtained at all frequencies and amplitudes only by including exact two-body hydrodynamic interactions and relevant relaxation times of magnetic dipoles. Frequency-dependent particle forces and torques cause doublets to rotate at low frequencies via dipolar interactions and at high frequencies via hydrodynamic translation-rotation coupling. By matching measurements and simulations for a range of conditions, our findings unambiguously demonstrate the quantitative forms of dipolar and hydrodynamic interactions necessary to capture nonequilibrium, steady-state dynamics of Brownian colloids in magnetic fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C H Coughlan
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Michael A Bevan
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Biller AM, Stolbov OV, Raikher YL. Mesoscopic magnetomechanical hysteresis in a magnetorheological elastomer. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:023202. [PMID: 26382539 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.023202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Field-induced magnetostatic interaction in a pair of identical particles made of a magnetically soft ferromagnet is studied. It is shown that due to saturation of the ferromagnet magnetization, this case differs significantly from the (super)paramagnetic one. A numerical solution is given, discussed, and compared with that provided by a simpler model (nonlinear mutual dipoles). We show that for multidomain ferromagnetic particles embedded in an elastomer matrix, as for paramagnetic ones in the same environment, pair clusters may form or break by a hysteresis scenario. However, the magnetization saturation brings in important features to this effect. First, the bistability state and the hysteresis take place only in a limited region of the material parameters of the system. Second, along with the hysteresis jumps occurring under the sole influence of the field, the "latent" hysteresis is possible which realizes only if the action of the field is combined with some additional (nonmagnetic) external factor. The obtained conditions, when used to assess the possibility of clustering in real magnetorheological polymers, infer an important role of mesoscopic magnetomechanical hysteresis for the macroscopic properties of these composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Biller
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch, Perm, 614013, Russia
| | - O V Stolbov
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch, Perm, 614013, Russia
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, 614990, Russia
| | - Yu L Raikher
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch, Perm, 614013, Russia
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620083, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Du D, Biswal SL. Micro-mutual-dipolar model for rapid calculation of forces between paramagnetic colloids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:033310. [PMID: 25314567 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.033310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Typically, the force between paramagnetic particles in a uniform magnetic field is calculated using either dipole-based models or the Maxwell stress tensor combined with Laplace's equation for magnetostatics. Dipole-based models are fast but involve many assumptions, leading to inaccuracies in determining forces for clusters of particles. The Maxwell stress tensor yields an exact force calculation, but solving Laplace's equation is very time consuming. Here, we present a more elaborate dipole-based model: the micro-mutual-dipolar model. Our model has a time complexity that is similar to that of other dipole-based models but is much more accurate especially when used to calculate the force of small aggregates. Using this model, we calculate the force between two paramagnetic spheres in a uniform magnetic field and a circular rotational magnetic field and compare our results with those of other models. The forces for three-particle and ten-particle systems dispersed in two-dimensional (2D) space are examined using the same model. We also apply this model to calculate the force between two paramagnetic disks dispersed in 2D space. The micro-mutual-dipolar model is demonstrated to be useful for force calculations in dynamic simulations of small clusters of particles for which both accuracy and efficiency are desirable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Du
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Sibani Lisa Biswal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Byrom J, Han P, Savory M, Biswal SL. Directing assembly of DNA-coated colloids with magnetic fields to generate rigid, semiflexible, and flexible chains. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9045-52. [PMID: 25052952 DOI: 10.1021/la5009939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the formation of colloidal macromolecules consisting of chains of micron-sized paramagnetic particles assembled using a magnetic field and linked with DNA. The interparticle spacing and chain flexibility were controlled by varying the magnetic field strength and the linker spring constant. Variations in the DNA lengths allowed for the generation of chains with an improved range of flexibility as compared to previous studies. These chains adopted the rigid-rod, semiflexible, and flexible conformations that are characteristic of linear polymer systems. These assembly techniques were investigated to determine the effects of the nanoscale DNA linker properties on the properties of the microscale colloidal chains. With stiff DNA linkers (564 base pairs) the chains were only stable at moderate to high field strengths and produced rigid chains. For flexible DNA linkers (8000 base pairs), high magnetic field strengths caused the linkers to be excluded from the gap between the particles, leading to a transition from very flexible chains at low field strengths to semiflexible chains at high field strengths. In the intermediate range of linker sizes, the chains exhibited predictable behavior, demonstrating increased flexibility with longer DNA linker length or smaller linking field strengths. This study provides insight into the process of directed assembly using magnetic fields and DNA by precisely tuning the components to generate colloidal analogues of linear macromolecular chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Byrom
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main St., MS 362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|