1
|
Nabil M, Frankowski A, Orosa A, Fuller A, Nourhani A. Modulating drift dynamics of circle swimmers by periodic potentials. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:054610. [PMID: 35706311 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.054610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to modulate the drifting motion of overdamped circle swimmers in steady fluid flows by means of static sinusoidal potentials. Using Langevin formalism, we study drift velocity as a function of potential strength and wavelength with and without diffusional motion. Drift velocity is essentially quantized without diffusion, but in the presence of noise, the displacement per cycle has a continuous range. As a function of dimensionless potential wave number, domains of damped oscillatory and plateau regimes are observed in the drift velocity diagram. At weak potential and fluid velocity less than powered velocity, there is also a regime where drift velocity exceeds the fluid velocity. Methods based on these results can be used to separate biological and artificial circle swimmers based on their dynamical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nabil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
- Biomimicry Research and Innovation Center, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Andrew Frankowski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
- Biomimicry Research and Innovation Center, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Ashton Orosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
- Biomimicry Research and Innovation Center, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Andrew Fuller
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
- Biomimicry Research and Innovation Center, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Amir Nourhani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
- Biomimicry Research and Innovation Center, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
- Departments of Biology, Mathematics, and Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bayati P, Nourhani A. Memory effects in spiral diffusion of rotary self-propellers. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:024606. [PMID: 35291178 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.024606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of deterministic rotary motion and stochastic orientational diffusion of a self-propeller leads to a spiral trajectory of the expected displacement. We extend our former analysis of spiral diffusion [Phys. Rev. E 94, 030601(R) (2016)10.1103/PhysRevE.94.030601] in the white-noise limit to a more realistic scenario of stochastic noise with Gaussian memory and orientational fluctuations driven by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. A variety of dynamical regimes including crossovers from ballistic to diffusive to ballistic in the angular dynamics are determined by the inertial timescale, orientational diffusivity, and angular speed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Bayati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Le Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Amir Nourhani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
- Biomimicry Research and Innovation Center, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
- Departments of Biology, Mathematics, and Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Soto F, Karshalev E, Zhang F, Esteban Fernandez de Avila B, Nourhani A, Wang J. Smart Materials for Microrobots. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5365-5403. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Soto
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Emil Karshalev
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Berta Esteban Fernandez de Avila
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Amir Nourhani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mathematics, Biology, Biomimicry Research and Innovation Center, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pedersen JN, Li L, Grădinaru C, Austin RH, Cox EC, Flyvbjerg H. How to connect time-lapse recorded trajectories of motile microorganisms with dynamical models in continuous time. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:062401. [PMID: 28085401 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.062401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We provide a tool for data-driven modeling of motility, data being time-lapse recorded trajectories. Several mathematical properties of a model to be found can be gleaned from appropriate model-independent experimental statistics, if one understands how such statistics are distorted by the finite sampling frequency of time-lapse recording, by experimental errors on recorded positions, and by conditional averaging. We give exact analytical expressions for these effects in the simplest possible model for persistent random motion, the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Then we describe those aspects of these effects that are valid for any reasonable model for persistent random motion. Our findings are illustrated with experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas N Pedersen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Cristian Grădinaru
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Robert H Austin
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Edward C Cox
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Henrik Flyvbjerg
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nourhani A, Ebbens SJ, Gibbs JG, Lammert PE. Spiral diffusion of rotating self-propellers with stochastic perturbation. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:030601. [PMID: 27739771 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Translationally diffusive behavior arising from the combination of orientational diffusion and powered motion at microscopic scales is a known phenomenon, but the peculiarities of the evolution of expected position conditioned on initial position and orientation have been neglected. A theory is given of the spiral motion of the mean trajectory depending upon propulsion speed, angular velocity, orientational diffusion, and rate of random chirality reversal. We demonstrate the experimental accessibility of this effect using both tadpole-like and Janus sphere dimer rotating motors. Sensitivity of the mean trajectory to the kinematic parameters suggest that it may be a useful way to determine those parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nourhani
- Center for Nanoscale Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Stephen J Ebbens
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - John G Gibbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA
- Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA
| | - Paul E Lammert
- Center for Nanoscale Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Debnath D, Ghosh PK, Li Y, Marchesoni F, Li B. Diffusion of eccentric microswimmers. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:2017-2024. [PMID: 26760136 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02811f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We model the two-dimensional diffusive dynamics of an eccentric artificial microswimmer in a highly viscous medium. We assume that the swimmer's propulsion results from an effective force applied to a center distinct from its center of mass, both centers resting on a body's axis parallel to its average self-propulsion velocity. Moreover, we allow for angular fluctuations of the velocity about the body's axis. We prove, both analytically and numerically, that the ensuing active diffusion of the swimmer is suppressed to an extent that strongly depends on the model parameters. In particular, the active diffusion constant undergoes a transition from a quadratic to a linear dependence on the self-propulsion speed, with practical consequences on the interpretation of the experimental data. Finally, we extend our model to describe the diffusion of chiral eccentric swimmers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jung P, Marchegiani G, Marchesoni F. Nonholonomic diffusion of a stochastic sled. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:012606. [PMID: 26871121 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.012606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A sled is a stylized mechanical model of a system which is constrained to move in space in a specific orientation, i.e., in the direction of the runners of the sled or a blade. The negation of motion transverse to the runners renders the sled a nonholonomic mechanical system. In this paper we report on the unexpected and fascinating richness of the dynamics of such a sled if it is subject to random forces. Specifically we show that the ensuing random dynamics is characterized by relatively smooth sections of motion interspersed by episodes of persistent tumbling (change of orientation) and sharp reversals resembling the random walks of bacterial cells. In the presence of self-propulsion, the diffusivity of the sled can be enhanced and suppressed depending on the directionality and strength of the propulsive force.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Quantitative Biology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | | | - Fabio Marchesoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nourhani A, Crespi VH, Lammert PE. Self-consistent nonlocal feedback theory for electrocatalytic swimmers with heterogeneous surface chemical kinetics. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:062303. [PMID: 26172715 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.062303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a self-consistent nonlocal feedback theory for the phoretic propulsion mechanisms of electrocatalytic micromotors or nanomotors. These swimmers, such as bimetallic platinum and gold rods catalyzing decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution, have received considerable theoretical attention. In contrast, the heterogeneous electrochemical processes with nonlocal feedback that are the actual "engines" of such motors are relatively neglected. We present a flexible approach to these processes using bias potential as a control parameter field and a locally-open-circuit reference state, carried through in detail for a spherical motor. While the phenomenological flavor makes meaningful contact with experiment easier, required inputs can also conceivably come from, e.g., Frumkin-Butler-Volmer kinetics. Previously obtained results are recovered in the weak-heterogeneity limit and improved small-basis approximations tailored to structural heterogeneity are presented. Under the assumption of weak inhomogeneity, a scaling form is deduced for motor speed as a function of fuel concentration and swimmer size. We argue that this form should be robust and demonstrate a good fit to experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nourhani
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Paul E Lammert
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|