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Gallo M, Magaletti F, Georgoulas A, Marengo M, De Coninck J, Casciola CM. A nanoscale view of the origin of boiling and its dynamics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6428. [PMID: 37833270 PMCID: PMC10576093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present a dynamical theory of boiling based on fluctuating hydrodynamics and the diffuse interface approach. The model is able to describe boiling from the stochastic nucleation up to the macroscopic bubble dynamics. It covers, with a modest computational cost, the mesoscale area from nano to micrometers, where most of the controversial observations related to the phenomenon originate. In particular, the role of wettability in the macroscopic observables of boiling is elucidated. In addition, by comparing the ideal case of boiling on ultra-smooth surfaces with a chemically heterogeneous wall, our results will definitively shed light on the puzzling low onset temperatures measured in experiments. Sporadic nanometric spots of hydrophobic wettability will be shown to be enough to trigger the nucleation at low superheat, significantly reducing the temperature of boiling onset, in line with experimental results. The proposed mesoscale approach constitutes the missing link between macroscopic approaches and molecular dynamics simulations and will open a breakthrough pathway toward accurate understanding and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Gallo
- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- School of Architecture, Technology and Engineering, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK.
| | - Francesco Magaletti
- School of Architecture, Technology and Engineering, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
| | - Anastasios Georgoulas
- School of Architecture, Technology and Engineering, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
| | - Marco Marengo
- School of Architecture, Technology and Engineering, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
- Dept. of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joel De Coninck
- School of Architecture, Technology and Engineering, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
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Giovangigli V. Kinetic derivation of Cahn-Hilliard fluid models. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:054109. [PMID: 34942763 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.054109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A compressible Cahn-Hilliard fluid model is derived from the kinetic theory of dense gas mixtures. The fluid model involves a van der Waals and Cahn-Hilliard gradient energy, a generalized Korteweg's tensor, a generalized Dunn and Serrin heat flux, and Cahn-Hilliard-type diffusive fluxes. Starting from the BBGKY hierarchy for gas mixtures, a Chapman-Enskog method is used-with a proper scaling of the generalized Boltzmann equations-as well as higher-order Taylor expansions of pair distribution functions. A Euler and van der Waals model is obtained at zeroth order, while the Cahn-Hilliard fluid model is obtained at first order, involving viscous, heat, and diffusive fluxes. The Cahn-Hilliard extra terms are associated with intermolecular forces and pair interaction potentials.
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Dinariev OY, Evseev NV. Modeling of nanoscale liquid mixture transport by density functional hydrodynamics. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:063307. [PMID: 28709179 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.063307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Modeling of multiphase compositional hydrodynamics at nanoscale is performed by means of density functional hydrodynamics (DFH). DFH is the method based on density functional theory and continuum mechanics. This method has been developed by the authors over 20 years and used for modeling in various multiphase hydrodynamic applications. In this paper, DFH was further extended to encompass phenomena inherent in liquids at nanoscale. The new DFH extension is based on the introduction of external potentials for chemical components. These potentials are localized in the vicinity of solid surfaces and take account of the van der Waals forces. A set of numerical examples, including disjoining pressure, film precursors, anomalous rheology, liquid in contact with heterogeneous surface, capillary condensation, and forward and reverse osmosis, is presented to demonstrate modeling capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Yu Dinariev
- Schlumberger Moscow Research, 13 Pudovkina Street, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Evseev
- Schlumberger Moscow Research, 13 Pudovkina Street, Moscow, Russia
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Shen B, Yamada M, Hidaka S, Liu J, Shiomi J, Amberg G, Do-Quang M, Kohno M, Takahashi K, Takata Y. Early Onset of Nucleate Boiling on Gas-covered Biphilic Surfaces. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2036. [PMID: 28515431 PMCID: PMC5435692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For phase-change cooling schemes for electronics, quick activation of nucleate boiling helps safeguard the electronics components from thermal shocks associated with undesired surface superheating at boiling incipience, which is of great importance to the long-term system stability and reliability. Previous experimental studies show that bubble nucleation can occur surprisingly early on mixed-wettability surfaces. In this paper, we report unambiguous evidence that such unusual bubble generation at extremely low temperatures—even below the boiling point—is induced by a significant presence of incondensable gas retained by the hydrophobic surface, which exhibits exceptional stability even surviving extensive boiling deaeration. By means of high-speed imaging, it is revealed that the consequently gassy boiling leads to unique bubble behaviour that stands in sharp contrast with that of pure vapour bubbles. Such findings agree qualitatively well with numerical simulations based on a diffuse-interface method. Moreover, the simulations further demonstrate strong thermocapillary flows accompanying growing bubbles with considerable gas contents, which is associated with heat transfer enhancement on the biphilic surface in the low-superheat region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Shen
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Yamada
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sumitomo Hidaka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Department of Mechanics, The Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Junichiro Shiomi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Gustav Amberg
- Department of Mechanics, The Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minh Do-Quang
- Department of Mechanics, The Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masamichi Kohno
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Takata
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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