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Barbhuiya MH, Cassak PA, Adhikari S, Parashar TN, Liang H, Argall MR. Higher-order nonequilibrium term: Effective power density quantifying evolution towards or away from local thermodynamic equilibrium. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:015205. [PMID: 38366463 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.015205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
A common approach to assess the nature of energy conversion in a classical fluid or plasma is to compare power densities of the various possible energy conversion mechanisms. A leading research area is quantifying energy conversion for systems that are not in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), as is common in a number of fluid and plasma systems. Here we introduce the "higher-order nonequilibrium term" (HORNET) effective power density, which quantifies the rate of change of departure of a phase space density from LTE. It has dimensions of power density, which allows for quantitative comparisons with standard power densities. We employ particle-in-cell simulations to calculate HORNET during two processes, magnetic reconnection and decaying kinetic turbulence in collisionless magnetized plasmas, that inherently produce non-LTE effects. We investigate the spatial variation of HORNET and the time evolution of its spatial average. By comparing HORNET with power densities describing changes to the internal energy (pressure dilatation, Pi-D, and divergence of the vector heat flux density), we find that HORNET can be a significant fraction of these other measures (8% and 35% for electrons and ions, respectively, for reconnection; up to 67% for both electrons and ions for turbulence), meaning evolution of the system towards or away from LTE can be dynamically important. Applications to numerous plasma phenomena are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hasan Barbhuiya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Center for KINETIC Plasma Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Paul A Cassak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Center for KINETIC Plasma Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Subash Adhikari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Center for KINETIC Plasma Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Tulasi N Parashar
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Gate 7, Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Haoming Liang
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Matthew R Argall
- Space Science Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
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2
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Ghizzo A, Del Sarto D, Betar H. Collisionless Heating Driven by Vlasov Filamentation in a Counterstreaming Beams Configuration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:035101. [PMID: 37540871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.035101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
We perform high resolution kinetic simulations of interpenetrating plasma beams. This configuration is unstable to both Weibel-type and two-stream instabilities, which are known to linearly induce a growth of the magnetic and electrostatic energy, respectively, at the expenses of the kinetic energy. "Oblique modes" are further beam-plasma instabilities, which linearly combine the features of the former two. Here we show the possibility of a reversal of the energy flow associated to these beam-plasma instabilities, when secondary propagating oblique modes are excited. This rapid conversion from magnetic to kinetic energy (i.e., kinetic heating), differs from the standard magnetic reconnection scenario and is induced by the reinforcement of the filamentation process of the distribution function in the phase space. This phenomenon-likely of general interest to collisionless dissipation processes in plasmas-can be understood in terms of mode synchronization: the coupling of oblique modes at disparate spatial scales leads to the appearance of synchronized "filamented" modes, which act on the global dynamics of the plasma via kinetic heating, collisionless dissipation, and turbulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Ghizzo
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy cedex, France
| | - Daniele Del Sarto
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy cedex, France
| | - Homam Betar
- Mécanique et Modelisation, Procédés Propres, UMR 7340 CNRS, Université de Aix-Marseille, 38 rue Joliot-Curie, 13451 Marseille, France
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3
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Cassak PA, Barbhuiya MH, Liang H, Argall MR. Quantifying Energy Conversion in Higher-Order Phase Space Density Moments in Plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:085201. [PMID: 36898122 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.085201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Weakly collisional and collisionless plasmas are typically far from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), and understanding energy conversion in such systems is a forefront research problem. The standard approach is to investigate changes in internal (thermal) energy and density, but this omits energy conversion that changes any higher-order moments of the phase space density. In this Letter, we calculate from first principles the energy conversion associated with all higher moments of the phase space density for systems not in LTE. Particle-in-cell simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection reveal that energy conversion associated with higher-order moments can be locally significant. The results may be useful in numerous plasma settings, such as reconnection, turbulence, shocks, and wave-particle interactions in heliospheric, planetary, and astrophysical plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Cassak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Center for KINETIC Plasma Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - M Hasan Barbhuiya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Center for KINETIC Plasma Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Haoming Liang
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - Matthew R Argall
- Space Science Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
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Panov EV, Lu S, Pritchett PL. Magnetotail Ion Structuring by Kinetic Ballooning-Interchange Instability. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 49:e2021GL096796. [PMID: 35864850 PMCID: PMC9286044 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl096796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By combining three-probe THEMIS observations and 3-D Particle-in-Cell simulations, we identify key structures on the ion gyroradius scale that occur in connection with ballooning-interchange instability heads in the Earth's magnetotail. The mesoscale structures occur at sites of strong ion velocity shear and vorticity where the thermal ion Larmor radius is about half of the width of the head. Finer structures occur at the smaller scales characterizing the wavelength of the electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves generated at the heads. These two processes act to erode and thin the current sheet, thereby forming a local magnetotail configuration that is favorable for reconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V. Panov
- Space Research InstituteAustrian Academy of SciencesGrazAustria
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - San Lu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative PlanetologyCAS Key Laboratory of Geospace EnvironmentSchool of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
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Parashar TN, Matthaeus WH. Observations of cross scale energy transfer in the inner heliosphere by Parker Solar Probe. REVIEWS OF MODERN PLASMA PHYSICS 2022; 6:41. [PMCID: PMC9684259 DOI: 10.1007/s41614-022-00097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The solar wind, a continuous flow of plasma from the sun, not only shapes the near Earth space environment but also serves as a natural laboratory to study plasma turbulence in conditions that are not achievable in the lab. Starting with the Mariners, for more than five decades, multiple space missions have enabled in-depth studies of solar wind turbulence. Parker Solar Probe (PSP) was launched to explore the origins and evolution of the solar wind. With its state-of-the-art instrumentation and unprecedented close approaches to the sun, PSP is starting a new era of inner heliospheric exploration. In this review we discuss observations of turbulent energy flow across scales in the inner heliosphere as observed by PSP. After providing a quick theoretical overview and a quick recap of turbulence before PSP, we discuss in detail the observations of energy at various scales on its journey from the largest scales to the internal degrees of freedom of the plasma. We conclude with some open ended questions, many of which we hope that PSP will help answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulasi N. Parashar
- grid.267827.e0000 0001 2292 3111School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Gate 7, Kelburn Parade, Kelburn, Wellington, 6012 New Zealand ,grid.33489.350000 0001 0454 4791Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Sharp Laboratory, Newark, Delaware 19711 USA
| | - William H. Matthaeus
- grid.33489.350000 0001 0454 4791Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Sharp Laboratory, Newark, Delaware 19711 USA
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Verscharen D, Wicks RT, Alexandrova O, Bruno R, Burgess D, Chen CHK, D’Amicis R, De Keyser J, de Wit TD, Franci L, He J, Henri P, Kasahara S, Khotyaintsev Y, Klein KG, Lavraud B, Maruca BA, Maksimovic M, Plaschke F, Poedts S, Reynolds CS, Roberts O, Sahraoui F, Saito S, Salem CS, Saur J, Servidio S, Stawarz JE, Štverák Š, Told D. A Case for Electron-Astrophysics. EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY 2021; 54:473-519. [PMID: 36915623 PMCID: PMC9998602 DOI: 10.1007/s10686-021-09761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The smallest characteristic scales, at which electron dynamics determines the plasma behaviour, are the next frontier in space and astrophysical plasma research. The analysis of astrophysical processes at these scales lies at the heart of the research theme of electron-astrophysics. Electron scales are the ultimate bottleneck for dissipation of plasma turbulence, which is a fundamental process not understood in the electron-kinetic regime. In addition, plasma electrons often play an important role for the spatial transfer of thermal energy due to the high heat flux associated with their velocity distribution. The regulation of this electron heat flux is likewise not understood. By focussing on these and other fundamental electron processes, the research theme of electron-astrophysics links outstanding science questions of great importance to the fields of space physics, astrophysics, and laboratory plasma physics. In this White Paper, submitted to ESA in response to the Voyage 2050 call, we review a selection of these outstanding questions, discuss their importance, and present a roadmap for answering them through novel space-mission concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Verscharen
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
- Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
| | - Robert T. Wicks
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Olga Alexandrova
- Laboratoire d’Études Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Bruno
- Instituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF, Rome, Italy
| | - David Burgess
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Johan De Keyser
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Dudok de Wit
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environment et de l’Espace, CNRS, University of Orléans and CNES, Orléans, France
| | - Luca Franci
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, INAF, Firenze, Italy
| | - Jiansen He
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pierre Henri
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environment et de l’Espace, CNRS, University of Orléans and CNES, Orléans, France
- CNRS, UCA, OCA, Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - Satoshi Kasahara
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kristopher G. Klein
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Benoit Lavraud
- Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Pessac, France
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, UPS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bennett A. Maruca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA
| | - Milan Maksimovic
- Laboratoire d’Études Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, Paris, France
| | | | - Stefaan Poedts
- Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Physics, University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Owen Roberts
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Fouad Sahraoui
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, Paris Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Shinji Saito
- Space Environment Laboratory, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chadi S. Salem
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Joachim Saur
- Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sergio Servidio
- Department of Physics, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Štěpán Štverák
- Astronomical Institute and Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Told
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching, Germany
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Bandyopadhyay R, Matthaeus WH, Parashar TN, Yang Y, Chasapis A, Giles BL, Gershman DJ, Pollock CJ, Russell CT, Strangeway RJ, Torbert RB, Moore TE, Burch JL. Statistics of Kinetic Dissipation in the Earth's Magnetosheath: MMS Observations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:255101. [PMID: 32639771 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.255101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A familiar problem in space and astrophysical plasmas is to understand how dissipation and heating occurs. These effects are often attributed to the cascade of broadband turbulence which transports energy from large scale reservoirs to small scale kinetic degrees of freedom. When collisions are infrequent, local thermodynamic equilibrium is not established. In this case the final stage of energy conversion becomes more complex than in the fluid case, and both pressure-dilatation and pressure strain interactions (Pi-D≡-Π_{ij}D_{ij}) become relevant and potentially important. Pi-D in plasma turbulence has been studied so far primarily using simulations. The present study provides a statistical analysis of Pi-D in the Earth's magnetosheath using the unique measurement capabilities of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. We find that the statistics of Pi-D in this naturally occurring plasma environment exhibit strong resemblance to previously established fully kinetic simulations results. The conversion of energy is concentrated in space and occurs near intense current sheets, but not within them. This supports recent suggestions that the chain of energy transfer channels involves regional, rather than pointwise, correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - William H Matthaeus
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA and Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Tulasi N Parashar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Alexandros Chasapis
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Barbara L Giles
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Roy B Torbert
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Thomas E Moore
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - James L Burch
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78238-5166, USA
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8
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Kuzzay D, Alexandrova O, Matteini L. Local approach to the study of energy transfers in incompressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:053202. [PMID: 31212494 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.053202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a local approach to the study of scale-to-scale energy transfers in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. This approach is based on performing local averages of the physical fields, which amounts to filtering scales smaller than some parameter ℓ. A key step in this work is the derivation of a local Kármán-Howarth-Monin relation which provides a local form of Politano and Pouquet's 4/3 law, without any assumption of homogeneity or isotropy. Our approach is exact and nonrandom, and we show its connection to the usual statistical results of turbulence. Its implementation on data obtained via a three-dimensional direct numerical simulation of the forced incompressible MHD equations from the John Hopkins turbulence database constitutes the main part of our study. First, we show that the local Kármán-Howarth-Monin relation holds well. The space statistics of local cross-scale transfers are studied next, their means and standard deviations being maximum at inertial scales and their probability density functions (PDFs) displaying very wide tails. Events constituting the tails of the PDFs are shown to form structures of strong transfers, either positive or negative, which can be observed over the whole available range of scales. As ℓ is decreased, these structures become more and more localized in space while contributing to an increasing fraction of the mean energy cascade rate. Finally, we highlight their quasi-one-dimensional (filamentlike) or quasi-two-dimensional (sheetlike or ribbonlike) nature and show that they appear in areas of strong vorticity or electric current density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Kuzzay
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - Olga Alexandrova
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - Lorenzo Matteini
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
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10
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Schoeffler KM, Loureiro NF, Silva LO. Fully kinetic Biermann battery and associated generation of pressure anisotropy. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:033204. [PMID: 29776059 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.033204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dynamical evolution of a fully kinetic, collisionless system with imposed background density and temperature gradients is investigated analytically. The temperature gradient leads to the generation of temperature anisotropy, with the temperature along the gradient becoming larger than that in the direction perpendicular to it. This causes the system to become unstable to pressure anisotropy driven instabilities, dominantly to the electron Weibel instability. When both density and temperature gradients are present and nonparallel to each other, we obtain a Biermann-like linear-in-time magnetic field growth. Accompanying particle-in-cell numerical simulations are shown to confirm our analytical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Schoeffler
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N F Loureiro
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Malara F, Pezzi O, Valentini F. Exact hybrid Vlasov equilibria for sheared plasmas with in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic field. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:053212. [PMID: 29906964 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.053212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The hybrid Vlasov-Maxwell system of equations is suitable to describe a magnetized plasma at scales on the order of or larger than proton kinetic scales. An exact stationary solution is presented by revisiting previous results with a uniform-density shear flow, directed either parallel or perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field, and by adapting the solution to the hybrid Vlasov-Maxwell model. A quantitative characterization of the equilibrium distribution function is provided by studying both analytically and numerically the temperature anisotropy and gyrotropy and the heat flux. In both cases, in the shear region, the velocity distribution significantly departs from local thermodynamical equilibrium. A comparison between the time behavior of the usual "fluidlike" equilibrium shifted Maxwellian and the exact stationary solutions is carried out by means of numerical simulations of the hybrid Vlasov-Maxwell equations. These hybrid equilibria can be employed as unperturbed states for numerous problems which involve sheared flows, such as the wave propagation in an inhomogeneous background and the onset of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Malara
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - O Pezzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - F Valentini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
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Yang Y, Matthaeus WH, Parashar TN, Wu P, Wan M, Shi Y, Chen S, Roytershteyn V, Daughton W. Energy transfer channels and turbulence cascade in Vlasov-Maxwell turbulence. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:061201. [PMID: 28709288 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.061201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the Vlasov-Maxwell equations from the perspective of turbulence cascade clarifies the role of electromagnetic work, and reveals the importance of the pressure-strain relation in generating internal energy. Particle-in-cell simulation demonstrates the relative importance of the several energy exchange terms, indicating that the traceless pressure-strain interaction "Pi-D" is of particular importance for both electrons and protons. The Pi-D interaction and the second tensor invariants of the strain are highly localized in similar spatial regions, indicating that energy transfer occurs preferentially in coherent structures. The collisionless turbulence cascade may be fruitfully explored by study of these energy transfer channels, in addition to examining transfer across spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - W H Matthaeus
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - T N Parashar
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P Wu
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Wan
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Y Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - S Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | | | - W Daughton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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