1
|
Wang S, Wang JP, Ge S, Li X, Dadda A. Numerical Investigation of Funicular Liquid Bridges between Three Spherical Grains in a Bidisperse Particulate System. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:12744-12754. [PMID: 38838080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Appropriate capillary effects are beneficial for controlling the wet powder performance and agglomerate formation. As water content rises, the funicular regime supplants the pendular regime as the predominant state in wet granular media. The displacement of grains leading to the stretching of funicular liquid bridges until rupture is an interesting and common phenomenon. Utilizing Surface Evolver software (an energy minimization approach), this work develops an efficient and accurate numerical model to describe liquid interactions among three spherical grains. The effects of liquid volume, contact angle, grain size ratio, grain-pair gap, and separation distance on the capillary forces and rupture distances are investigated. Notably, we present a modified closed-form equation for predicting the rupture distance of funicular bridges between three grains, which reflects the coupled effects of the contact angle, grain size, and liquid volume on rupture distance. This present study provides insights for incorporating capillary effects into mechanical models relying on microassembly composed of several grains in bidisperse particulate systems. Additionally, the numerical findings confirm some findings regarding the splitting of funicular bridges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohan Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, 17922 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Ji-Peng Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, 17922 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Shangqi Ge
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, 17922 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xianwei Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, 17922 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Abdelali Dadda
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, 17922 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salama A, Kou J, El Amin MF. Fates of a Nonwetting Slug in Tapered Microcapillaries under Gravity and Zero Gravity Conditions: Dynamics, Asymptotic Equilibrium Analysis, and Computational Fluid Dynamics Verifications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4978-4991. [PMID: 38381099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
It has been determined experimentally and numerically that a nonwetting slug in a tapered capillary tube, under the sole action of capillary force, self-propels itself toward the wider end of the tube until an equilibrium state is reached. The aim of this work is to highlight the state of the slug at equilibrium in terms of configuration and location. Furthermore, it turns out that gravity adds richness to this phenomenon, and more fates become possible. A modified Bond number is developed that determines the relative importance of gravity and capillarity for this system. According to the magnitude of the Bond number, three more fates are possible. Therefore, in a tapered capillary tube held vertically upward with its wider end at the top, in the absence of gravity or under microgravity conditions, the nonwetting slug moves upward toward the wider end of the tube until it reaches equilibrium with the two menisci part of a single sphere. The location of the slug at equilibrium in this case represents the farthest fate among the other fates. When gravity exists yet capillarity dominates, the slug still moves upward toward the wider end. However, in this case, the two menisci become parts of two different spheres of different curvatures. For this scenario, the slug climbs upward but reaches a lower level compared to the previous scenario. On the other hand, when gravity dominates, the slug experiences a net downward pull toward the narrower end of the tube and starts to move in the direction of gravity until capillary force establishes a balance, then it stops. When gravity sufficiently dominates, it pulls the slug downward until it completely drains off the tube. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is conducted in order to build a framework for verification exercises. Excellent agreements between the results of the developed model and the CFD analysis are obtained. A fate map and a scheme are developed to identify these four fates based on two Bond numbers; namely, the initial Bond number and that associated with the slug when it is at the exit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amgad Salama
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Jisheng Kou
- School of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Mohamed F El Amin
- Energy Res., Lab., College of Engineering, Effat University, Jeddah 21478, Saudi Arabia
- Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu T, Yang Z, Hu R, Chen YF. Three-Dimensional Visualization Reveals Pore-Scale Mechanisms of Colloid Transport and Retention in Two-Phase Flow. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1997-2005. [PMID: 36602921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Colloids are ubiquitous in the natural environment, playing an important role in facilitating the transport of absorbed contaminants. However, due to the complexities arising from two-phase flow and difficulties in three-dimensional observations, the detailed mechanisms of colloid transport and retention under two-phase flow are still not well understood. In this work, we visualize the colloid transport and retention during immiscible two-phase flow based on confocal microscopy. We find that the colloid transport and retention behaviors depend strongly on the flow rate and pore/grain size. At low levels of saturation (high flow rate) with the wetting liquid mainly present as pendular rings, the colloids can aggregate at the liquid filaments in small-grain packings and are uniformly distributed in large-grain packings. Through theoretical analysis of the pendular ring geometry, we elucidate the mechanism responsible for the strong dependence of colloid clogging behavior on solid grain size. Our results further demonstrate that even at dilute concentrations, colloids can alter the flow paths and the wetting fluid topology, suggesting a strong two-way coupling dynamics between immiscible two-phase flow and colloid transport and calling for improved predictive models to incorporate the overlooked clogging behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing210029, China
| | - Zhibing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Ran Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Yi-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang S, Liu F, Pu C, Cui J, Zeng Z. Mathematical study on gravity effect of the liquid bridge between two rigid spheres. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
Pepona M, Shek ACM, Semprebon C, Krüger T, Kusumaatmaja H. Modeling ternary fluids in contact with elastic membranes. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:022112. [PMID: 33735964 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.022112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a thermodynamically consistent model of a ternary fluid interacting with elastic membranes. Following a free-energy modeling approach for the fluid phases, we derive the governing equations for the dynamics of the ternary fluid flow and membranes. We also provide the numerical framework for simulating such fluid-structure interaction problems. It is based on the lattice Boltzmann method for the ternary fluid (Eulerian description) and a finite difference representation of the membrane (Lagrangian description). The ternary fluid and membrane solvers are coupled through the immersed boundary method. For validation purposes, we consider the relaxation dynamics of a two-dimensional elastic capsule placed at a fluid-fluid interface. The capsule shapes, resulting from the balance of surface tension and elastic forces, are compared with equilibrium numerical solutions obtained by surface evolver. Furthermore, the Galilean invariance of the proposed model is proven. The proposed approach is versatile, allowing for the simulation of a wide range of geometries. To demonstrate this, we address the problem of a capillary bridge formed between two deformable capsules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pepona
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - A C M Shek
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - C Semprebon
- Smart Materials and Surfaces Laboratory, Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Ellison Place, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - T Krüger
- School of Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - H Kusumaatmaja
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv C, Hardt S. Wetting of a liquid annulus in a capillary tube. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1756-1772. [PMID: 33393559 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00346h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we systematically investigate the static wetting behavior of a liquid ring in a cylindrical capillary tube. We obtain analytical solutions of the axisymmetric Young-Laplace equation for arbitrary contact angles. We find that, for specific values of the contact angle and the volume of the liquid ring, two solutions of the Young-Laplace equation exist, but only the one with the lower value of the total interfacial energy corresponds to a stable configuration. Based on a numerical scheme determining configurations with a local minimum of the interfacial energy, we also discuss the stability limit between axisymmetric rings and non-axisymmetric configurations. Beyond the stable regime, a liquid plug or a sessile droplet exists instead of a liquid ring, depending on the values of the liquid volume and the contact angle. The stability limit is characterized by specific critical parameters such as the liquid volume, throat diameter, etc. The results are presented in terms of a map showing the different stable liquid morphologies that are obtained from an axisymmetric ring as base state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cunjing Lv
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
| | - Steffen Hardt
- Fachgebiet Nano- und Mikrofluidik, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bindgen S, Bossler F, Allard J, Koos E. Connecting particle clustering and rheology in attractive particle networks. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8380-8393. [PMID: 32814939 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00861c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The structural properties of suspensions and other multiphase systems are vital to overall processability, functionality and acceptance among consumers. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the intrinsic connection between the microstructure of a material and the resulting rheological properties. Here, we demonstrate how the transitions in the microstructural conformations can be quantified and correlated to rheological measurements. We find semi-local parameters from graph theory, the mathematical study of networks, to be useful in linking structure and rheology. Our results, using capillary suspensions as a model system, show that the use of the clustering coefficient, in combination with the coordination number, is able to capture not only the agglomeration of particles, but also measures the formation of groups. These phenomena are tightly connected to the rheological properties. The present sparse networks cannot be described by established techniques such as betweenness centrality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bindgen
- KU Leuven, Chemical Engineering Department, Celestijnenlaan 200f, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frank Bossler
- KU Leuven, Chemical Engineering Department, Celestijnenlaan 200f, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jens Allard
- KU Leuven, Chemical Engineering Department, Celestijnenlaan 200f, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Erin Koos
- KU Leuven, Chemical Engineering Department, Celestijnenlaan 200f, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Unstable, Super Critical CO 2-Water Displacement in Fine Grained Porous Media under Geologic Carbon Sequestration Conditions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11272. [PMID: 31375705 PMCID: PMC6677758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated fluid displacement water with supercritical (sc) CO2 in chalk under conditions close to those used for geologic CO2 sequestration (GCS), to answer two main questions: How much volume is available for scCO2 injection? And what is the main mechanism of displacement over a range of temperatures? Characterization of immiscible scCO2 displacement, at the pore scale in the complex microstructure in chalk reservoirs, offers a pathway to better understand the macroscopic processes at the continuum scale. Fluid behavior was simulated by solving the Navier-Stokes equations, using finite-volume methods within a pore network. The pore network was extracted from a high resolution 3D image of chalk, obtained using X-ray nanotomography. Viscous fingering dominates scCO2 infiltration and pores remain only partially saturated. The unstable front, developed with high capillary number, causes filling of pores aligned with the flow direction, reaching a maximum of 70% scCO2 saturation. The saturation rate increases with temperature but the final saturation state is the same for all investigated temperatures. The higher the saturation rate, the higher the dynamic capillary pressure coefficient. A higher dynamic capillary pressure coefficient indicates that scCO2 needs more time to reach capillary equilibrium in the porous medium.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zuñiga R, Job S, Santibanez F. Effect of an interstitial fluid on the dynamics of three-dimensional granular media. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:032905. [PMID: 30999475 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.032905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The propagation of mechanical energy in granular materials has been intensively studied in recent years given the wide range of fields that have processes related to this phenomena, from geology to impact mitigation and protection of buildings and structures. In this paper, we experimentally explore the effect of an interstitial fluid on the dynamics of the propagation of a mechanical pulse in a granular packing under controlled confinement pressure. The experimental results reveal the occurrence of an elastohydrodynamic mechanism at the scale of the contacts between wet particles. We describe our results in terms of an effective medium theory, including the presence of the viscous fluid. Finally, we study the nonlinear weakening of the granular packing as a function of the amplitude of the pulses. Our observations demonstrate that the softening of the material can be impeded by adjusting the viscosity of the interstitial fluid above a threshold at which the elastohydrodynamic interaction overcomes the elastic repulsion due to the confinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Zuñiga
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2950, Valparaíso, Chile.,Laboratoire Quartz, EA 7393, Supméca, 3 rue Fernand Hainaut 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
| | - Stéphane Job
- Laboratoire Quartz, EA 7393, Supméca, 3 rue Fernand Hainaut 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
| | - Francisco Santibanez
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2950, Valparaíso, Chile.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao CF, Kruyt NP, Millet O. Capillary bridge force between non-perfectly wettable spherical particles: An analytical theory for the pendular regime. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
11
|
Cejas CM, Hough LA, Frétigny C, Dreyfus R. Effect of geometry on the dewetting of granular chains by evaporation. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6994-7002. [PMID: 30095846 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01179f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding evaporation or drying in granular media still remains complex despite recent advancements. Evaporation depends on liquid transport across a connected film network from the bulk to the surface. In this study, we investigate the stability of film networks as a function of the geometry of granular chains of spherical grains. Using a controlled experimental approach, we vary the grain arrangement or packing and measure the height of the liquid film network during evaporation as packing shifts from loose-packed to close-packed arrangement. This height can be calculated from an equilibrium between hydrostatic pressure and the capillary pressure difference in the vertical film network. Following a simulation approach using Surface Evolver, we evaluate the pressure variation due to dewetting of the meniscus volume in the grains in both the percolating front and evaporating front within the two-phase zone of air/water mixture. Results show good agreement between model and experiment. We find that above a "critical" packing angle, the liquid continuity is broken and films connections fragment into separate, isolated capillary bridges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesare M Cejas
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter, CNRS-Solvay-UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, PA 19007-3624, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nair P, Pöschel T. Structural changes in wet granular matter due to drainage. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714009005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
13
|
|
14
|
Wang JP, Gallo E, François B, Gabrieli F, Lambert P. Capillary force and rupture of funicular liquid bridges between three spherical bodies. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|