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New Kinetics Equation for Stress Relaxation of Semi-crystalline Polymers below Glass Transition Temperature. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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2
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Pihlajamaa I, Laudicina CCL, Luo C, Janssen LMC. Emergent structural correlations in dense liquids. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad184. [PMID: 37342651 PMCID: PMC10279420 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The complete quantitative description of the structure of dense and supercooled liquids remains a notoriously difficult problem in statistical physics. Most studies to date focus solely on two-body structural correlations, and only a handful of papers have sought to consider additional three-body correlations. Here, we go beyond the state of the art by extracting many-body static structure factors from molecular dynamics simulations and by deriving accurate approximations up to the six-body structure factor via density functional theory. We find that supercooling manifestly increases four-body correlations, akin to the two- and three-body case. However, at small wave numbers, we observe that the four-point structure of a liquid drastically changes upon supercooling, both qualitatively and quantitatively, which is not the case in two-point structural correlations. This indicates that theories of the structure or dynamics of dense liquids should incorporate many-body correlations beyond the two-particle level to fully capture their intricate behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chengjie Luo
- Soft Matter & Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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3
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Peng H, Liu H, Voigtmann T. Nonmonotonic Dynamical Correlations beneath the Surface of Glass-Forming Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:215501. [PMID: 36461957 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.215501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Collective motion over increasing length scales is a signature of the vitrification process of liquids. We demonstrate how distinct static and dynamic length scales govern the dynamics of vitrifying films. In contrast to a monotonically growing static correlation length, the dynamical correlation length that measures the extent of surface-dynamics acceleration into the bulk displays a striking nonmonotonic temperature evolution that is robust also against changes in detailed interatomic interaction. This nonmonotonic change defines a crossover temperature T_{*} that is distinct from the critical temperature T_{c} of mode-coupling theory. We connect this nonmonotonic change to a morphological change of cooperative rearrangement regions of fast particles, and to the point where the decoupling of fast-particle motion from the bulk relaxation is most sensitive to fluctuations. We propose a rigorous definition of this new crossover temperature T_{*} within a recent extension of mode-coupling theory, the stochastic β-relaxation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Rd, 410083 Changsha, China
| | - Huashan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Rd, 410083 Changsha, China
| | - Thomas Voigtmann
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany
- Department of Physics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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4
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Guiselin B, Tarjus G, Berthier L. Static self-induced heterogeneity in glass-forming liquids: Overlap as a microscope. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:194503. [PMID: 35597648 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose and numerically implement a local probe of the static self-induced heterogeneity characterizing glass-forming liquids. This method relies on the equilibrium statistics of the overlap between pairs of configurations measured in mesoscopic cavities with unconstrained boundaries. By systematically changing the location of the probed cavity, we directly detect spatial variations of the overlap fluctuations. We provide a detailed analysis of the statistics of a local estimate of the configurational entropy, and we infer an estimate of the surface tension between amorphous states, ingredients that are both at the basis of the random first-order transition theory of glass formation. Our results represent the first direct attempt to visualize and quantify the self-induced heterogeneity underpinning the thermodynamics of glass formation. They pave the way for the development of coarse-grained effective theories and for a direct assessment of the role of thermodynamics in the activated dynamics of deeply supercooled liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Guiselin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Tarjus
- LPTMC, CNRS-UMR 7600, Sorbonne Université, 4 Pl. Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
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5
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Mutneja A, Karmakar S. Translational dynamics of a rod-like probe in supercooled liquids: an experimentally realizable method to study Stokes-Einstein breakdown, dynamic heterogeneity, and amorphous order. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5738-5746. [PMID: 34018543 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00509j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of probe molecules to extract the local dynamical and structural properties of complex dynamical systems is an age-old technique both in simulations and in experiments. A lot of important information which is not immediately accessible from bulk measurements can be accessed via these local measurements. Still, a detailed understanding of how a probe particle dynamics is affected by the surrounding liquid medium is lacking, especially in the supercooled temperature regime. This work shows how the translational dynamics of a rod-like particle immersed in a supercooled liquid can give us information on the growth of the correlation length scales associated with dynamical heterogeneity and the multi-body static correlations in the medium. This work also provides an understanding of the breakdown of Stokes-Einstein and Stokes-Einstein-Debye relations in supercooled liquids along with a unified scaling theory that rationalizes all the observed results. Finally, this work proposes a novel yet simple method accessible in experiments to measure the growth of these important length scales in molecular glass-forming liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Mutneja
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P,Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad, 500107, India.
| | - Smarajit Karmakar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P,Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad, 500107, India.
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6
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Baity-Jesi M, Biroli G, Reichman DR. Revisiting the concept of activation in supercooled liquids. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:77. [PMID: 34125327 PMCID: PMC8203548 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we revisit the description of dynamics based on the concepts of metabasins and activation in mildly supercooled liquids via the analysis of the dynamics of a paradigmatic glass former between its onset temperature [Formula: see text] and mode-coupling temperature [Formula: see text]. First, we provide measures that demonstrate that the onset of glassiness is indeed connected to the landscape, and that metabasin waiting time distributions are so broad that the system can remain stuck in a metabasin for times that exceed [Formula: see text] by orders of magnitude. We then reanalyze the transitions between metabasins, providing several indications that the standard picture of activated dynamics in terms of traps does not hold in this regime. Instead, we propose that here activation is principally driven by entropic instead of energetic barriers. In particular, we illustrate that activation is not controlled by the hopping of high energetic barriers and should more properly be interpreted as the entropic selection of nearly barrierless but rare pathways connecting metabasins on the landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio Biroli
- Departement de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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7
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Guiselin B, Tarjus G, Berthier L. On the overlap between configurations in glassy liquids. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:224502. [PMID: 33317282 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The overlap, or similarity, between liquid configurations is at the core of the mean-field description of the glass transition and remains a useful concept when studying three-dimensional glass-forming liquids. In liquids, however, the overlap involves a tolerance, typically of a fraction a/σ of the inter-particle distance, associated with how precisely similar two configurations must be for belonging to the same physically relevant "state." Here, we systematically investigate the dependence of the overlap fluctuations and of the resulting phase diagram when the tolerance is varied over a large range. We show that while the location of the dynamical and thermodynamic glass transitions (if present) is independent of a/σ, that of the critical point associated with a transition between a low- and a high-overlap phase in the presence of an applied source nontrivially depends on the value of a/σ. We rationalize our findings by using liquid-state theory and the hypernetted-chain approximation for correlation functions. In addition, we confirm the theoretical trends by studying a three-dimensional glass-former by computer simulations. We show, in particular, that a range of a/σ below what is commonly considered maximizes the temperature of the critical point, pushing it up in a liquid region where viscosity is low and computer investigations are easier due to a significantly faster equilibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Guiselin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Tarjus
- LPTMC, CNRS-UMR 7600, Sorbonne Université, 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
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8
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Yeo J, Moore MA. Possible instability of one-step replica symmetry breaking in p-spin Ising models outside mean-field theory. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:032127. [PMID: 32289897 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.032127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The fully connected Ising p-spin model has for p>2 a discontinuous phase transition from the paramagnetic phase to a stable state with one-step replica symmetry breaking (1RSB). However, simulations in three dimension do not look like these mean-field results and have features more like those which would arise with full replica symmetry breaking (FRSB). To help understand how this might come about we have studied in the fully connected p-spin model the state of two-step replica symmetry breaking (2RSB). It has a free energy degenerate with that of 1RSB, but the weight of the additional peak in P(q) vanishes. We expect that the state with full replica symmetry breaking (FRSB) is also degenerate with that of 1RSB. We suggest that finite-size effects will give a nonvanishing weight to the FRSB features, as also will fluctuations about the mean-field solution. Our conclusion is that outside the fully connected model in the thermodynamic limit, FRSB is to be expected rather than 1RSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yeo
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - M A Moore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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9
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Robinson JF, Turci F, Roth R, Royall CP. Many-body correlations from integral geometry. Phys Rev E 2020; 100:062126. [PMID: 31962515 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.062126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In a recent letter we presented a framework for predicting the concentrations of many-particle local structures inside the bulk liquid as a route to assessing changes in the liquid approaching dynamical arrest. Central to this framework was the morphometric approach, a synthesis of integral geometry and liquid-state theory, which has traditionally been derived from fundamental measure theory. We present the morphometric approach in a new context as a generalization of scaled-particle theory, and we derive several morphometric theories for hard spheres of fundamental and practical interest. Our central result is a new theory that is particularly suited to the treatment of many-body correlation functions in the hard-sphere liquid, which we demonstrate by numerical tests against simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Robinson
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Turci
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Roth
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Patrick Royall
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.,Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
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10
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Ozawa M, Scalliet C, Ninarello A, Berthier L. Does the Adam-Gibbs relation hold in simulated supercooled liquids? J Chem Phys 2019; 151:084504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Ozawa
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Scalliet
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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11
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Berthier L, Biroli G, Bouchaud JP, Tarjus G. Can the glass transition be explained without a growing static length scale? J Chem Phys 2019; 150:094501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5086509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Giulio Biroli
- Institut de physique théorique, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, CNRS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Gilles Tarjus
- LPTMC, CNRS-UMR 7600, Sorbonne Université, 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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12
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Klochko L, Baschnagel J, Wittmer JP, Semenov AN. Long-range stress correlations in viscoelastic and glass-forming fluids. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6835-6848. [PMID: 30091783 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01055b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rigorous approach to obtain stress correlations in viscoelastic liquids (including supercooled liquid and equilibrium amorphous systems) is proposed. The long-range dynamical correlations of local shear stress are calculated and analyzed in 2-dimensional space. It is established how the long-range character of the stress correlations gradually emerges as the relevant dynamical correlation length l grows in time. The correlation range l is defined by momentum propagation due to acoustic waves and vorticity diffusion which are the basic mechanisms for transmission of shear stress perturbations. We obtain the general expression defining the time- and distance-dependent stress correlation tensor in terms of material functions (generalized relaxation moduli). The effect of liquid compressibility is quantitatively analyzed; it is shown to be important at large distances and/or short times. The revealed long-range stress correlation effect is shown to be dynamical in nature and unconnected with static structural correlations in liquids (correlation length ξs). Our approach is based on the assumption that ξs is small enough as reflected in weak wave-number dependencies of the generalized relaxation moduli. We provide a simple physical picture connecting the elucidated long-range fluctuation effect with anisotropic correlations of the (transient) inherent stress field, and discuss its implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Klochko
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS - UPR 22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - J Baschnagel
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS - UPR 22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - J P Wittmer
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS - UPR 22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - A N Semenov
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS - UPR 22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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13
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Tah I, Sengupta S, Sastry S, Dasgupta C, Karmakar S. Glass Transition in Supercooled Liquids with Medium-Range Crystalline Order. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:085703. [PMID: 30192617 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.085703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the rapid dynamical slowdown in glass forming liquids in the growth of static length scales, possibly associated with identifiable structural ordering, is a much debated issue. Growth of medium range crystalline order (MRCO) has been observed in various model systems to be associated with glassy behavior. Such observations raise the question of whether molecular mechanisms for the glass transition in liquids with and without MRCO are the same. In this study we perform extensive molecular dynamics simulations of a number of glass forming liquids and show that the static and dynamic properties of glasses with MRCO are different from those of other glass forming liquids with no predominant local order. We also resolve an important issue regarding the so-called point-to-set method for determining static length scales, and demonstrate it to be a robust method for determining static correlation lengths in glass formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Tah
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad, 500107, India
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Srikanth Sastry
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Chandan Dasgupta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Bangalore 560089, India
| | - Smarajit Karmakar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad, 500107, India
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14
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Zhao Y, Stratt RM. Measuring order in disordered systems and disorder in ordered systems: Random matrix theory for isotropic and nematic liquid crystals and its perspective on pseudo-nematic domains. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:204501. [PMID: 29865812 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Surprisingly long-ranged intermolecular correlations begin to appear in isotropic (orientationally disordered) phases of liquid crystal forming molecules when the temperature or density starts to close in on the boundary with the nematic (ordered) phase. Indeed, the presence of slowly relaxing, strongly orientationally correlated, sets of molecules under putatively disordered conditions ("pseudo-nematic domains") has been apparent for some time from light-scattering and optical-Kerr experiments. Still, a fully microscopic characterization of these domains has been lacking. We illustrate in this paper how pseudo-nematic domains can be studied in even relatively small computer simulations by looking for order-parameter tensor fluctuations much larger than one would expect from random matrix theory. To develop this idea, we show that random matrix theory offers an exact description of how the probability distribution for liquid-crystal order parameter tensors converges to its macroscopic-system limit. We then illustrate how domain properties can be inferred from finite-size-induced deviations from these random matrix predictions. A straightforward generalization of time-independent random matrix theory also allows us to prove that the analogous random matrix predictions for the time dependence of the order-parameter tensor are similarly exact in the macroscopic limit, and that relaxation behavior of the domains can be seen in the breakdown of the finite-size scaling required by that random-matrix theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Richard M Stratt
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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15
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Coslovich D, Ozawa M, Berthier L. Local order and crystallization of dense polydisperse hard spheres. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:144004. [PMID: 29460847 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aab0c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Computer simulations give precious insight into the microscopic behavior of supercooled liquids and glasses, but their typical time scales are orders of magnitude shorter than the experimentally relevant ones. We recently closed this gap for a class of models of size polydisperse fluids, which we successfully equilibrate beyond laboratory time scales by means of the swap Monte Carlo algorithm. In this contribution, we study the interplay between compositional and geometric local orders in a model of polydisperse hard spheres equilibrated with this algorithm. Local compositional order has a weak state dependence, while local geometric order associated to icosahedral arrangements grows more markedly but only at very high density. We quantify the correlation lengths and the degree of sphericity associated to icosahedral structures and compare these results to those for the Wahnström Lennard-Jones mixture. Finally, we analyze the structure of very dense samples that partially crystallized following a pattern incompatible with conventional fractionation scenarios. The crystal structure has the symmetry of aluminum diboride and involves a subset of small and large particles with size ratio approximately equal to 0.5.
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16
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Measurements of growing surface tension of amorphous-amorphous interfaces on approaching the colloidal glass transition. Nat Commun 2018; 9:397. [PMID: 29374262 PMCID: PMC5786034 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence indicating that relaxation dynamics in liquids approaching their glass transition not only become increasingly cooperative, but the relaxing regions also become more compact in shape. Of the many theories of the glass transition, only the random first-order theory—a thermodynamic framework—anticipates the surface tension of relaxing regions to play a role in deciding both their size and morphology. However, owing to the amorphous nature of the relaxing regions, even the identification of their interfaces has not been possible in experiments hitherto. Here, we devise a method to directly quantify the dynamics of amorphous–amorphous interfaces in bulk supercooled colloidal liquids. Our procedure also helped unveil a non-monotonic evolution in dynamical correlations with supercooling in bulk liquids. We measure the surface tension of the interfaces and show that it increases rapidly across the mode-coupling area fraction. Our experiments support a thermodynamic origin of the glass transition. The existence of interfaces, separating distinct relaxing regions, has been predicted in glass theory, but a direct proof remains challenging due to the amorphous nature of glasses. Ganapathi et al. identify and measure the surface tension of these interfaces in bulk supercooled colloidal liquids.
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17
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Tarjus G. Glass transitions may be similar in two and three dimensions, after all. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:2440-2442. [PMID: 28242708 PMCID: PMC5347552 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700193114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Tarjus
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS-UMR 7600, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
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18
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Real space renormalization group theory of disordered models of glasses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3328-3333. [PMID: 28223531 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613126114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop a real space renormalization group analysis of disordered models of glasses, in particular of the spin models at the origin of the random first-order transition theory. We find three fixed points, respectively, associated with the liquid state, with the critical behavior, and with the glass state. The latter two are zero-temperature ones; this provides a natural explanation of the growth of effective activation energy scale and the concomitant huge increase of relaxation time approaching the glass transition. The lower critical dimension depends on the nature of the interacting degrees of freedom and is higher than three for all models. This does not prevent 3D systems from being glassy. Indeed, we find that their renormalization group flow is affected by the fixed points existing in higher dimension and in consequence is nontrivial. Within our theoretical framework, the glass transition results in an avoided phase transition.
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19
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Berthier L, Charbonneau P, Jin Y, Parisi G, Seoane B, Zamponi F. Growing timescales and lengthscales characterizing vibrations of amorphous solids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8397-401. [PMID: 27402768 PMCID: PMC4968735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607730113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature properties of crystalline solids can be understood using harmonic perturbations around a perfect lattice, as in Debye's theory. Low-temperature properties of amorphous solids, however, strongly depart from such descriptions, displaying enhanced transport, activated slow dynamics across energy barriers, excess vibrational modes with respect to Debye's theory (i.e., a boson peak), and complex irreversible responses to small mechanical deformations. These experimental observations indirectly suggest that the dynamics of amorphous solids becomes anomalous at low temperatures. Here, we present direct numerical evidence that vibrations change nature at a well-defined location deep inside the glass phase of a simple glass former. We provide a real-space description of this transition and of the rapidly growing time- and lengthscales that accompany it. Our results provide the seed for a universal understanding of low-temperature glass anomalies within the theoretical framework of the recently discovered Gardner phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Charbonneau
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Yuliang Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I-00185 Rome, Italy; Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, École Normale Supérieure & Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Pierre et Marie Curie & Sorbonne Universités, UMR 8549 CNRS, 75005 Paris, France,
| | - Giorgio Parisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I-00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Beatriz Seoane
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, École Normale Supérieure & Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Pierre et Marie Curie & Sorbonne Universités, UMR 8549 CNRS, 75005 Paris, France, Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francesco Zamponi
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, École Normale Supérieure & Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Pierre et Marie Curie & Sorbonne Universités, UMR 8549 CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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