1
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Ghimenti F, Berthier L, van Wijland F. Irreversible Monte Carlo Algorithms for Hard Disk Glasses: From Event-Chain to Collective Swaps. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:028202. [PMID: 39073951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.028202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Equilibrium sampling of the configuration space in disordered systems requires algorithms that bypass the glassy slowing down of the physical dynamics. Irreversible Monte Carlo algorithms breaking detailed balance successfully accelerate sampling in some systems. We first implement an irreversible event-chain Monte Carlo algorithm in a model of continuously polydisperse hard disks. The effect of collective translational moves marginally affects the dynamics and results in a modest speedup that decreases with density. We then propose an irreversible algorithm performing collective particle swaps which outperforms all known Monte Carlo algorithms. We show that these collective swaps can also be used to prepare very dense jammed packings of disks.
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2
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Pettinari T, During G, Lerner E. Elasticity of self-organized frustrated disordered spring networks. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:054906. [PMID: 38907496 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.054906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
There have been some interesting recent advances in understanding the notion of mechanical disorder in structural glasses and the statistical mechanics of these systems' low-energy excitations. Here we contribute to these advances by studying a minimal model for structural glasses' elasticity in which the degree of mechanical disorder-as characterized by recently introduced dimensionless quantifiers-is readily tunable over a very large range. We comprehensively investigate a number of scaling laws observed for various macro, meso and microscopic elastic properties, and rationalize them using scaling arguments. Interestingly, we demonstrate that the model features the universal quartic glassy vibrational density of states as seen in many atomistic and molecular models of structural glasses formed by cooling a melt. The emergence of this universal glassy spectrum highlights the role of self-organization (toward mechanical equilibrium) in its formation, and elucidates why models featuring structural frustration alone do not feature the same universal glassy spectrum. Finally, we discuss relations to existing work in the context of strain stiffening of elastic networks and of low-energy excitations in structural glasses, in addition to future research directions.
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3
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Jiang Y, Sussman DM, Weeks ER. Effects of polydispersity on the plastic behaviors of dense two-dimensional granular systems under shear. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054605. [PMID: 38115404 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We study particle-scale motion in sheared highly polydisperse amorphous materials, in which the largest particles are as much as ten times the size of the smallest. We find strikingly different behavior from the more commonly studied amorphous systems with low polydispersity. In particular, an analysis of the nonaffine motion of particles reveals qualitative differences between large and small particles: The smaller particles have dramatically more nonaffine motion, which is induced by the presence of the large particles. We characterize how the nonaffine motion changes from the low- to high-polydispersity regimes. We further demonstrate a quantitative way to distinguish between "large" and "small" particles in systems with broad distributions of particle sizes. A macroscopic consequence of the nonaffine motion is a decrease in the energy dissipation rate for highly polydisperse samples, which is due both to a geometric consequence of the changing jamming conditions for higher polydispersity and to the changing character of nonaffine motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglun Jiang
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Daniel M Sussman
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Eric R Weeks
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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4
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Creating bulk ultrastable glasses by random particle bonding. Nat Commun 2023; 14:113. [PMID: 36611023 PMCID: PMC9825381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35812-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent breakthrough in glass science has been the synthesis of ultrastable glasses via physical vapor deposition techniques. These samples display enhanced thermodynamic, kinetic and mechanical stability, with important implications for fundamental science and technological applications. However, the vapor deposition technique is limited to atomic, polymer and organic glass-formers and is only able to produce thin film samples. Here, we propose a novel approach to generate ultrastable glassy configurations in the bulk, via random particle bonding, and using computer simulations we show that this method does indeed allow for the production of ultrastable glasses. Our technique is in principle applicable to any molecular or soft matter system, such as colloidal particles with tunable bonding interactions, thus opening the way to the design of a large class of ultrastable glasses.
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5
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Göth N, Baul U, Dzubiella J. Active responsive colloids driven by intrinsic dichotomous noise. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064611. [PMID: 36671078 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We study the influence of intrinsic noise on the structure and dynamics of responsive colloids (RCs), which actively change their size and mutual interactions. The colloidal size is explicitly resolved in our RC model as an internal degree of freedom (DOF) in addition to the particle translation. A Hertzian pair potential between the RCs leads to repulsion and shrinking of the particles, resulting in an explicit responsiveness of the system to self-crowding. To render the colloids active, their size is internally driven by a dichotomous noise, randomly switching ("breathing") between growing and shrinking states with a predefined rate, as motivated by recent experiments on synthetic active colloids. The polydispersity of this dichotomous active responsive colloid (D-ARC) model can be tuned by the parameters of the noise. Utilizing stochastic computer simulations, we study crowding effects on the spatial distributions, relaxation times, and self-diffusion of dense suspensions of the D-ARCs. We find a substantial influence of the "built-in" intrinsic noise on the system's behavior, in particular, transitions from unimodal to bimodal size distributions for an increasing colloid density as well as intrinsic noise-modified diffusive translational dynamics. We conclude that controlling the noise of internal DOFs of a macromolecule or cell is a powerful tool for active colloidal materials to enable autonomous changes in the system's collective structure and dynamics towards the adaptation of macroscopic properties to external perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Göth
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Upayan Baul
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Sartor JD, Corwin EI. Predicting Defects in Soft Sphere Packings near Jamming Using the Force Network Ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:188001. [PMID: 36374695 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.188001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous systems of soft particles above jamming have more contacts than are needed to achieve mechanical equilibrium. The force network of a granular system with a fixed contact network is thus underdetermined and can be characterized as a random instantiation within the space of the force network ensemble. In this Letter, we show that defect contacts that are not necessary for stability of the system can be uniquely identified by examining the boundaries of this space of allowed force networks. We further show that, for simulations in the near jamming limit, this identification is nearly always correct and that defect contacts are broken under decompression of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Sartor
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Eric I Corwin
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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7
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Kim S, Hilgenfeldt S. Structural Measures as Guides to Ultrastable States in Overjammed Packings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:168001. [PMID: 36306772 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.168001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Jammed, disordered packings of given sets of particles possess a multitude of equilibrium states with different mechanical properties. Identifying and constructing desired states, e.g., of superior stability, is a complex task. Here, we show that in two-dimensional particle packings the energy of all metastable states (inherent structures) is reliably classified by simple scalar measures of local steric packing. These structural measures are insensitive to the particle interaction potential and so robust that they can be used to guide a modified swap algorithm that anneals polydisperse packings toward low-energy metastable states exceptionally fast. The low-energy states are extraordinarily stable against applied shear, so that the approach also efficiently identifies ultrastable packings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, USA
| | - Sascha Hilgenfeldt
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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8
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Gaindrik P, Baul U, Dzubiella J. Active responsive colloids coupled to different thermostats. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:014613. [PMID: 35974513 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.014613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a model of active responsive colloids (ARCs) in which an internal degree of freedom (DoF) of a single colloidal particle is "activated" by coupling it to a different thermostat than for the translational DoFs. As for the responsive internal DoF, we consider specifically the size (diameter) of the spherical particles, which is confined by a harmonic parent potential being either entropic or energetic in nature. The ARCs interact via a repulsive Hertzian pair potential, appropriate to model hydrogels or elastic colloids, and are studied for various densities using Brownian dynamics simulations. We tune the internal activity in the nonequilibrium steady state by scanning through a wide range of internal temperatures, both smaller ("colder") and larger ("hotter") than the translational temperature. The results show a rich and intriguing behavior for the emergent property distributions, colloidal pair structure, and the diffusive translational dynamics controlled by the internal activity, substantially depending on whether the internal DoF moves in an entropic or energetic potential. We discuss theoretical thermal limits and phenomenological models which can explain some of the nonequilibrium trends qualitatively. Our study indicates that particle dynamical polydispersity as well as the structure and dynamics of dense macromolecular suspensions can be vastly tuned by internal activity in terms of internal "hot" or "cold" fluctuating states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Gaindrik
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Upayan Baul
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Hagh VF, Nagel SR, Liu AJ, Manning ML, Corwin EI. Transient learning degrees of freedom for introducing function in materials. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117622119. [PMID: 35512090 PMCID: PMC9171605 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117622119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceMany protocols used in material design and training have a common theme: they introduce new degrees of freedom, often by relaxing away existing constraints, and then evolve these degrees of freedom based on a rule that leads the material to a desired state at which point these new degrees of freedom are frozen out. By creating a unifying framework for these protocols, we can now understand that some protocols work better than others because the choice of new degrees of freedom matters. For instance, introducing particle sizes as degrees of freedom to the minimization of a jammed particle packing can lead to a highly stable state, whereas particle stiffnesses do not have nearly the same impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda F. Hagh
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Sidney R. Nagel
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Andrea J. Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - M. Lisa Manning
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - Eric I. Corwin
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
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10
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Ji W, de Geus TWJ, Agoritsas E, Wyart M. Mean-field description for the architecture of low-energy excitations in glasses. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:044601. [PMID: 35590661 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.044601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In amorphous materials, groups of particles can rearrange locally into a new stable configuration. Such elementary excitations are key as they determine the response to external stresses, as well as to thermal and quantum fluctuations. Yet, understanding what controls their geometry remains a challenge. Here we build a scaling description of the geometry and energy of low-energy excitations in terms of the distance to an instability, as predicted, for instance, at the dynamical transition in mean-field approaches of supercooled liquids. We successfully test our predictions in ultrastable computer glasses, with a gapped spectrum and an ungapped (regular) spectrum. Overall, our approach explains why excitations become less extended, with a higher energy and displacement scale upon cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Ji
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tom W J de Geus
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Agoritsas
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Wyart
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Baul U, Göth N, Bley M, Dzubiella J. Modulating internal transition kinetics of responsive macromolecules by collective crowding. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:244902. [PMID: 34972378 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Packing and crowding are used in biology as mechanisms to (self-)regulate internal molecular or cellular processes based on collective signaling. Here, we study how the transition kinetics of an internal "switch" of responsive macromolecules is modified collectively by their spatial packing. We employ Brownian dynamics simulations of a model of Responsive Colloids, in which an explicit internal degree of freedom-here, the particle size-moving in a bimodal energy landscape self-consistently responds to the density fluctuations of the crowded environment. We demonstrate that populations and transition times for the two-state switching kinetics can be tuned over one order of magnitude by "self-crowding." An exponential scaling law derived from a combination of Kramers' and liquid state perturbation theory is in very good agreement with the simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upayan Baul
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Göth
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bley
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Arceri F, Corwin EI, Hagh VF. Marginal stability in memory training of jammed solids. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:044907. [PMID: 34781479 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.044907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Memory encoding by cyclic shear is a reliable process to store information in jammed solids, yet its underlying mechanism and its connection to the amorphous structure are not fully understood. When a jammed sphere packing is repeatedly sheared with cycles of the same strain amplitude, it optimizes its mechanical response to the cyclic driving and stores a memory of it. We study memory by cyclic shear training as a function of the underlying stability of the amorphous structure in marginally stable and highly stable packings, the latter produced by minimizing the potential energy using both positional and radial degrees of freedom. We find that jammed solids need to be marginally stable in order to store a memory by cyclic shear. In particular, highly stable packings store memories only after overcoming brittle yielding and the cyclic shear training takes place in the shear band, a region which we show to be marginally stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Arceri
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Eric I Corwin
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Varda F Hagh
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.,James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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13
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Acharya P, Das D, Ramola K. Disorder perturbation expansion for athermal crystals. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:034608. [PMID: 34654106 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.034608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a perturbation expansion for athermal systems that allows an exact determination of displacement fields away from the crystalline state as a response to disorder. We show that the displacement fields in energy-minimized configurations of particles interacting through central potentials with microscopic disorder can be obtained as a series expansion in the strength of the disorder. We introduce a hierarchy of force-balance equations that allows an order-by-order determination of the displacement fields, with the solutions at lower orders providing sources for the higher-order solutions. This allows the simultaneous force-balance equations to be solved, within a hierarchical perturbation expansion to arbitrary accuracy. We present exact results for an isotropic defect introduced into the crystalline ground state at linear order and second order in our expansion. We show that the displacement fields produced by the defect display interesting self-similar properties at every order. We derive a |δr|∼1/r and |δf|∼1/r^{2} decay for the displacement fields and excess interparticle forces at large distances r away from the defect. Finally, we derive nonlinear corrections introduced by the interactions between defects at second order in our expansion. We verify our exact results with displacement fields obtained from energy-minimized configurations of soft disks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pappu Acharya
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Debankur Das
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Kabir Ramola
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500107, India
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14
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Ciarella S, Rey M, Harrer J, Holstein N, Ickler M, Löwen H, Vogel N, Janssen LMC. Soft Particles at Liquid Interfaces: From Molecular Particle Architecture to Collective Phase Behavior. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5364-5375. [PMID: 33886318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soft particles such as microgels can undergo significant and anisotropic deformations when adsorbed to a liquid interface. This, in turn, leads to a complex phase behavior upon compression. To date, experimental efforts have predominantly provided phenomenological links between microgel structure and resulting interfacial behavior, while simulations have not been entirely successful in reproducing experiments or predicting the minimal requirements for the desired phase behavior. Here, we develop a multiscale framework to link the molecular particle architecture to the resulting interfacial morphology and, ultimately, to the collective interfacial phase behavior. To this end, we investigate interfacial morphologies of different poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) particle systems using phase-contrast atomic force microscopy and correlate the distinct interfacial morphology with their bulk molecular architecture. We subsequently introduce a new coarse-grained simulation method that uses augmented potentials to translate this interfacial morphology into the resulting phase behavior upon compression. The main novelty of this method is the possibility to efficiently encode multibody interactions, the effects of which are key to distinguishing between heterostructural (anisotropic collapse) and isostructural (isotropic collapse) phase transitions. Our approach allows us to qualitatively resolve existing discrepancies between experiments and simulations. Notably, we demonstrate the first in silico account of the two-dimensional isostructural transition, which is frequently found in experiments but elusive in simulations. In addition, we provide the first experimental demonstration of a heterostructural transition to a chain phase in a single-component system, which has been theoretically predicted decades ago. Overall, our multiscale framework provides a phenomenological bridge between physicochemical soft-particle characteristics at the molecular scale and nanoscale and the collective self-assembly phenomenology at the macroscale, serving as a stepping stone toward an ultimately more quantitative and predictive design approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ciarella
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Rey
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Harrer
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Holstein
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maret Ickler
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liesbeth M C Janssen
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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15
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Moriel A. Internally Stressed and Positionally Disordered Minimal Complexes Yield Glasslike Nonphononic Excitations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:088004. [PMID: 33709765 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.088004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glasses, unlike their crystalline counterparts, exhibit low-frequency nonphononic excitations whose frequencies ω follow a universal D(ω)∼ω^{4} density of states. The process of glass formation generates positional disorder intertwined with mechanical frustration, posing fundamental challenges in understanding the origins of glassy nonphononic excitations. Here we suggest that minimal complexes-mechanically frustrated and positionally disordered local structures-embody the minimal physical ingredients needed to generate glasslike excitations. We investigate the individual effects of mechanical frustration and positional disorder on the vibrational spectrum of isolated minimal complexes, and demonstrate that ensembles of marginally stable minimal complexes yield D(ω)∼ω^{4}. Furthermore, glasslike excitations emerge by embedding a single minimal complex within a perfect lattice. Consequently, minimal complexes offer a conceptual framework to understand glasslike excitations from first principles, as well as a practical computational method for introducing them into solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Moriel
- Chemical & Biological Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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16
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González-López K, Shivam M, Zheng Y, Ciamarra MP, Lerner E. Mechanical disorder of sticky-sphere glasses. II. Thermomechanical inannealability. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:022606. [PMID: 33735957 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.022606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Many structural glasses feature static and dynamic mechanical properties that can depend strongly on glass formation history. The degree of universality of this history dependence and what it is possibly affected by are largely unexplored. Here we show that the variability of elastic properties of simple computer glasses under thermal annealing depends strongly on the strength of attractive interactions between the glasses' constituent particles-referred to here as glass "stickiness." We find that in stickier glasses the stiffening of the shear modulus with thermal annealing is strongly suppressed, while the thermal-annealing-induced softening of the bulk modulus is enhanced. Our key finding is that the characteristic frequency and density per frequency of soft quasilocalized modes becomes effectively invariant to annealing in very sticky glasses; the latter are therefore deemed "thermomechanically inannealable." The implications of our findings and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina González-López
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mahajan Shivam
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuanjian Zheng
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Massimo Pica Ciamarra
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,CNR-SPIN, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Universitá di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Edan Lerner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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González-López K, Shivam M, Zheng Y, Ciamarra MP, Lerner E. Mechanical disorder of sticky-sphere glasses. I. Effect of attractive interactions. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:022605. [PMID: 33736046 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.022605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature indicates that attractive interactions between particles of a dense liquid play a secondary role in determining its bulk mechanical properties. Here we show that, in contrast with their apparent unimportance to the bulk mechanics of dense liquids, attractive interactions can have a major effect on macro- and microscopic elastic properties of glassy solids. We study several broadly applicable dimensionless measures of stability and mechanical disorder in simple computer glasses, in which the relative strength of attractive interactions-referred to as "glass stickiness"-can be readily tuned. We show that increasing glass stickiness can result in the decrease of various quantifiers of mechanical disorder, on both macro- and microscopic scales, with a pair of intriguing exceptions to this rule. Interestingly, in some cases strong attractions can lead to a reduction of the number density of soft, quasilocalized modes, by up to an order of magnitude, and to a substantial decrease in their core size, similar to the effects of thermal annealing on elasticity observed in recent works. Contrary to the behavior of canonical glass models, we provide compelling evidence indicating that the stabilization mechanism in our sticky-sphere glasses stems predominantly from the self-organized depletion of interactions featuring large, negative stiffnesses. Finally, we establish a fundamental link between macroscopic and microscopic quantifiers of mechanical disorder, which we motivate via scaling arguments. Future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina González-López
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mahajan Shivam
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuanjian Zheng
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Massimo Pica Ciamarra
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,CNR-SPIN, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Edan Lerner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Ji W, de Geus TWJ, Popović M, Agoritsas E, Wyart M. Thermal origin of quasilocalized excitations in glasses. Phys Rev E 2021; 102:062110. [PMID: 33466080 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.062110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Key aspects of glasses are controlled by the presence of excitations in which a group of particles can rearrange. Surprisingly, recent observations indicate that their density is dramatically reduced and their size decreases as the temperature of the supercooled liquid is lowered. Some theories predict these excitations to cause a gap in the spectrum of quasilocalized modes of the Hessian that grows upon cooling, while others predict a pseudogap D_{L}(ω)∼ω^{α}. To unify these views and observations, we generate glassy configurations of controlled gap magnitude ω_{c} at temperature T=0, using so-called breathing particles, and study how such gapped states respond to thermal fluctuations. We find that (i) the gap always fills up at finite T with D_{L}(ω)≈A_{4}(T)ω^{4} and A_{4}∼exp(-E_{a}/T) at low T, (ii) E_{a} rapidly grows with ω_{c}, in reasonable agreement with a simple scaling prediction E_{a}∼ω_{c}^{4} and (iii) at larger ω_{c} excitations involve fewer particles, as we rationalize, and eventually become stringlike. We propose an interpretation of mean-field theories of the glass transition, in which the modes beyond the gap act as an excitation reservoir, from which a pseudogap distribution is populated with its magnitude rapidly decreasing at lower T. We discuss how this picture unifies the rarefaction as well as the decreasing size of excitations upon cooling, together with a stringlike relaxation occurring near the glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Ji
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tom W J de Geus
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marko Popović
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Agoritsas
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Wyart
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Richard D, Kapteijns G, Giannini JA, Manning ML, Lerner E. Simple and Broadly Applicable Definition of Shear Transformation Zones. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:015501. [PMID: 33480780 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.015501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic deformation in amorphous solids is known to be carried by stress-induced localized rearrangements of a few tens of particles, accompanied by the conversion of elastic energy to heat. Despite their central role in determining how glasses yield and break, the search for a simple and generally applicable definition of the precursors of those plastic rearrangements-the so-called shear transformation zones (STZs)-is still ongoing. Here we present a simple definition of STZs-based solely on the harmonic approximation of a glass's energy. We explain why and demonstrate directly that our proposed definition of plasticity carriers in amorphous solids is more broadly applicable compared to anharmonic definitions put forward previously. Finally, we offer an open-source library that analyzes low-lying STZs in computer glasses and in laboratory materials such as dense colloidal suspensions for which the harmonic approximation is accessible. Our results constitute a physically motivated methodological advancement towards characterizing mechanical disorder in glasses, and understanding how they yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Richard
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - Geert Kapteijns
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - Julia A Giannini
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Lisa Manning
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - Edan Lerner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
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20
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Parmar ADS, Guiselin B, Berthier L. Stable glassy configurations of the Kob-Andersen model using swap Monte Carlo. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:134505. [PMID: 33032429 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The swap Monte Carlo algorithm allows the preparation of highly stable glassy configurations for a number of glass-formers but is inefficient for some models, such as the much studied binary Kob-Andersen (KA) mixture. We have recently developed generalizations to the KA model where swap can be very effective. Here, we show that these models can, in turn, be used to considerably enhance the stability of glassy configurations in the original KA model at no computational cost. We successfully develop several numerical strategies both in and out of equilibrium to achieve this goal and show how to optimize them. We provide several physical measurements indicating that the proposed algorithms considerably enhance mechanical and thermodynamic stability in the KA model, including a transition toward brittle yielding behavior. Our results thus pave the way for future studies of stable glasses using the KA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul D S Parmar
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Guiselin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
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21
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Golkia M, Shrivastav GP, Chaudhuri P, Horbach J. Flow heterogeneities in supercooled liquids and glasses under shear. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:023002. [PMID: 32942371 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using extensive nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate a glass-forming binary Lennard-Jones mixture under shear. Both supercooled liquids and glasses are considered. Our focus is on the characterization of inhomogeneous flow patterns such as shear bands that appear as a transient response to the external shear. For the supercooled liquids, we analyze the crossover from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behavior with increasing shear rate γ[over ̇]. Above a critical shear rate γ[over ̇]_{c} where a non-Newtonian response sets in, the transient dynamics are associated with the occurrence of short-lived vertical shear bands, i.e., bands of high mobility that form perpendicular to the flow direction. In the glass states, long-lived horizontal shear bands, i.e., bands of high mobility parallel to the flow direction, are observed in addition to vertical ones. The systems with shear bands are characterized in terms of mobility maps, stress-strain relations, mean-squared displacements, and (local) potential energies. The initial formation of a horizontal shear band provides an efficient stress release, corresponds to a local minimum of the potential energy, and is followed by a slow broadening of the band towards the homogeneously flowing fluid in the steady state. Whether a horizontal or a vertical shear band forms cannot be predicted from the initial undeformed sample. Furthermore, we show that with increasing system size, the probability for the occurrence of horizontal shear bands increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Golkia
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gaurav P Shrivastav
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Pinaki Chaudhuri
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, IV Cross Road, CIT Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jürgen Horbach
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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22
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Torregrosa Cabanilles C, Molina-Mateo J, Sabater i Serra R, Meseguer-Dueñas JM, Gómez Ribelles JL. Non-Markovian Methods in Glass Transition. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1997. [PMID: 32887333 PMCID: PMC7565281 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A model for the heterogeneity of local dynamics in polymer and other glass-forming materials is provided here. The fundamental characteristics of the glass transition phenomenology emerge when simulating a condensed matter open cluster that has a strong interaction with its heterogeneous environment. General glass transition features, such as non-exponential structural relaxations, the slowing down of relaxation times with temperature and specific off-equilibrium glassy dynamics can be reproduced by non-Markovian dynamics simulations with the minimum computer resources. Non-Markovian models are shown to be useful tools for obtaining insights into the complex dynamics involved in the glass transition phenomenon, including whether or not there is a need for a growing correlation length or the relationship between the non-exponentiality of structural relaxations and dynamic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantino Torregrosa Cabanilles
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (R.S.i.S.); (J.M.M.-D.); (J.L.G.R.)
| | - José Molina-Mateo
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (R.S.i.S.); (J.M.M.-D.); (J.L.G.R.)
| | - Roser Sabater i Serra
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (R.S.i.S.); (J.M.M.-D.); (J.L.G.R.)
- CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 46022 València, Spain
| | - José María Meseguer-Dueñas
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (R.S.i.S.); (J.M.M.-D.); (J.L.G.R.)
- CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 46022 València, Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez Ribelles
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (R.S.i.S.); (J.M.M.-D.); (J.L.G.R.)
- CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 46022 València, Spain
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23
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Parmar ADS, Ozawa M, Berthier L. Ultrastable Metallic Glasses In Silico. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:085505. [PMID: 32909772 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.085505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop a generic strategy and simple numerical models for multicomponent metallic glasses for which the swap Monte Carlo algorithm can produce highly stable equilibrium configurations equivalent to experimental systems cooled more than 10^{7} times slower than in conventional simulations. This paves the way for a deeper understanding of the thermodynamic, dynamic, and mechanical properties of metallic glasses. As first applications, we considerably extend configurational entropy measurements down to the experimental glass temperature, and demonstrate a qualitative change of the mechanical response of metallic glasses of increasing stability toward brittleness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul D S Parmar
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Misaki Ozawa
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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24
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Richard D, González-López K, Kapteijns G, Pater R, Vaknin T, Bouchbinder E, Lerner E. Universality of the Nonphononic Vibrational Spectrum across Different Classes of Computer Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:085502. [PMID: 32909789 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.085502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been recently established that the low-frequency spectrum of simple computer glass models is populated by soft, quasilocalized nonphononic vibrational modes whose frequencies ω follow a gapless, universal distribution D(ω)∼ω^{4}. While this universal nonphononic spectrum has been shown to be robust to varying the glass history and spatial dimension, it has so far only been observed in simple computer glasses featuring radially symmetric, pairwise interaction potentials. Consequently, the relevance of the universality of nonphononic spectra seen in simple computer glasses to realistic laboratory glasses remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the emergence of the universal ω^{4} nonphononic spectrum in a broad variety of realistic computer glass models, ranging from tetrahedral network glasses with three-body interactions, through molecular glasses and glassy polymers, to bulk metallic glasses. Taken together with previous observations, our results indicate that the low-frequency nonphononic vibrational spectrum of any glassy solid quenched from a melt features the universal ω^{4} law, independently of the nature of its microscopic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Richard
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karina González-López
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Kapteijns
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Pater
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Talya Vaknin
- Chemical and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eran Bouchbinder
- Chemical and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Edan Lerner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Bhowmik BP, Ilyin V, Procaccia I. Thermodynamic equivalence of cyclic shear and deep cooling in glass formers. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:010603. [PMID: 32794978 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.010603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The extreme slowing down associated with glass formation in experiments and in simulations results in serious difficulties to prepare deeply quenched, well annealed, glassy material. Recently, methods to achieve such deep quenching were proposed, including vapor deposition on the experimental side and "swap Monte Carlo" and oscillatory shearing on the simulation side. The relation between the resulting glasses under different protocols remains unclear. Here we show that oscillatory shear and swap Monte Carlo result in thermodynamically equivalent glasses sharing the same statistical mechanics and similar mechanical responses under external strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Prasad Bhowmik
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Valery Ilyin
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Itamar Procaccia
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.,Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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26
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Yeh WT, Ozawa M, Miyazaki K, Kawasaki T, Berthier L. Glass Stability Changes the Nature of Yielding under Oscillatory Shear. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:225502. [PMID: 32567904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.225502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We perform molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of a glass preparation on its yielding transition under oscillatory shear. We use swap Monte Carlo to investigate a broad range of glass stabilities from poorly annealed to highly stable systems. We observe a qualitative change in the nature of yielding, which evolves from ductile to brittle as glass stability increases. Our results disentangle the relative role of mechanical and thermal annealing on the mechanical properties of amorphous solids, which is relevant for various experimental situations from the rheology of soft materials to fatigue failure in metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Yeh
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, 464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Misaki Ozawa
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Takeshi Kawasaki
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, 464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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27
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Acharya P, Sengupta S, Chakraborty B, Ramola K. Athermal Fluctuations in Disordered Crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:168004. [PMID: 32383939 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.168004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the fluctuations in particle positions and interparticle forces in disordered crystals composed of jammed soft particles in the limit of weak disorder. We demonstrate that such athermal systems are fundamentally different from their thermal counterparts, characterized by constrained fluctuations of forces perpendicular to the lattice directions. We develop a disorder perturbation expansion in polydispersity about the crystalline state, which we use to derive exact results to linear order. We show that constrained fluctuations result as a consequence of local force balance conditions, and are characterized by non-Gaussian distributions, which we derive exactly. We analytically predict several properties of such systems, including the scaling of the average coordination with polydispersity and packing fraction, which we verify with numerical simulations using soft disks with one-sided harmonic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pappu Acharya
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Surajit Sengupta
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Bulbul Chakraborty
- Martin Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
| | - Kabir Ramola
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500107, India
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28
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Rainone C, Bouchbinder E, Lerner E. Pinching a glass reveals key properties of its soft spots. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5228-5234. [PMID: 32094180 PMCID: PMC7071925 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919958117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that glasses feature quasilocalized nonphononic excitations-coined "soft spots"-, which follow a universal [Formula: see text] density of states in the limit of low frequencies ω. All glass-specific properties, such as the dependence on the preparation protocol or composition, are encapsulated in the nonuniversal prefactor of the universal [Formula: see text] law. The prefactor, however, is a composite quantity that incorporates information both about the number of quasilocalized nonphononic excitations and their characteristic stiffness, in an apparently inseparable manner. We show that by pinching a glass-i.e., by probing its response to force dipoles-one can disentangle and independently extract these two fundamental pieces of physical information. This analysis reveals that the number of quasilocalized nonphononic excitations follows a Boltzmann-like law in terms of the parent temperature from which the glass is quenched. The latter, sometimes termed the fictive (or effective) temperature, plays important roles in nonequilibrium thermodynamic approaches to the relaxation, flow, and deformation of glasses. The analysis also shows that the characteristic stiffness of quasilocalized nonphononic excitations can be related to their characteristic size, a long sought-for length scale. These results show that important physical information, which is relevant for various key questions in glass physics, can be obtained through pinching a glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Rainone
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eran Bouchbinder
- Chemical and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Edan Lerner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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29
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Kapteijns G, Richard D, Lerner E. Nonlinear quasilocalized excitations in glasses: True representatives of soft spots. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:032130. [PMID: 32289900 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.032130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Structural glasses formed by quenching a melt possess a population of soft quasilocalized excitations-often called "soft spots"-that are believed to play a key role in various thermodynamic, transport, and mechanical phenomena. Under a narrow set of circumstances, quasilocalized excitations assume the form of vibrational (normal) modes, that are readily obtained by a harmonic analysis of the multidimensional potential energy. In general, however, direct access to the population of quasilocalized modes via harmonic analysis is hindered by hybridizations with other low-energy excitations, e.g., phonons. In this series of papers we reintroduce and investigate the statistical-mechanical properties of a class of low-energy quasilocalized modes-coined here nonlinear quasilocalized excitations (NQEs)-that are defined via an anharmonic (nonlinear) analysis of the potential-energy landscape of a glass, and do not hybridize with other low-energy excitations. In this paper, we review the theoretical framework that embeds a micromechanical definition of NQEs. We demonstrate how harmonic quasilocalized modes hybridize with other soft excitations, whereas NQEs properly represent soft spots without hybridization. We show that NQEs' energies converge to the energies of the softest, nonhybridized harmonic quasilocalized modes, cementing their status as true representatives of soft spots in structural glasses. Finally, we perform a statistical analysis of the mechanical properties of NQEs, which results in a prediction for the distribution of potential-energy barriers that surround typical inherent states of structural glasses, as well as a prediction for the distribution of local strain thresholds to plastic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Kapteijns
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Richard
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - Edan Lerner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Moriel A, Kapteijns G, Rainone C, Zylberg J, Lerner E, Bouchbinder E. Wave attenuation in glasses: Rayleigh and generalized-Rayleigh scattering scaling. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:104503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Moriel
- Chemical and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Geert Kapteijns
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrado Rainone
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Zylberg
- Chemical and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Edan Lerner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eran Bouchbinder
- Chemical and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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31
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Ikeda H. Universal non-mean-field scaling in the density of states of amorphous solids. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:050901. [PMID: 31212547 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solids have excess soft modes in addition to the phonon modes described by the Debye theory. Recent numerical results show that if the phonon modes are carefully removed, the density of state of the excess soft modes exhibit universal quartic scaling, independent of the interaction potential, preparation protocol, and spatial dimensions. We hereby provide a theoretical framework to describe this universal scaling behavior. For this purpose, we extend the mean-field theory to include the effects of finite-dimensional fluctuation. Based on a semiphenomenological argument, we show that mean-field quadratic scaling is replaced by the quartic scaling in finite dimensions. Furthermore, we apply our formalism to explain the pressure and protocol dependence of the excess soft modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harukuni Ikeda
- École Normale Supérieure, UMR 8549 CNRS, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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Ji W, Popović M, de Geus TWJ, Lerner E, Wyart M. Theory for the density of interacting quasilocalized modes in amorphous solids. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:023003. [PMID: 30934333 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.023003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quasilocalized modes appear in the vibrational spectrum of amorphous solids at low frequency. Though never formalized, these modes are believed to have a close relationship with other important local excitations, including shear transformations and two-level systems. We provide a theory for their frequency density, D_{L}(ω)∼ω^{α}, that establishes this link for systems at zero temperature under quasistatic loading. It predicts two regimes depending on the density of shear transformations P(x)∼x^{θ} (with x the additional stress needed to trigger a shear transformation). If θ>1/4, then α=4 and a finite fraction of quasilocalized modes form shear transformations, whose amplitudes vanish at low frequencies. If θ<1/4, then α=3+4θ and all quasilocalized modes form shear transformations with a finite amplitude at vanishing frequencies. We confirm our predictions numerically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Ji
- Institute of Physics, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marko Popović
- Institute of Physics, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Edan Lerner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthieu Wyart
- Institute of Physics, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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