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White TG, Hartley NJ, Borm B, Crowley BJB, Harris JWO, Hochhaus DC, Kaempfer T, Li K, Neumayer P, Pattison LK, Pfeifer F, Richardson S, Robinson APL, Uschmann I, Gregori G. Electron-ion equilibration in ultrafast heated graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:145005. [PMID: 24765980 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.145005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have employed fast electrons produced by intense laser illumination to isochorically heat thermal electrons in solid density carbon to temperatures of ∼10,000 K. Using time-resolved x-ray diffraction, the temperature evolution of the lattice ions is obtained through the Debye-Waller effect, and this directly relates to the electron-ion equilibration rate. This is shown to be considerably lower than predicted from ideal plasma models. We attribute this to strong ion coupling screening the electron-ion interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G White
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - N J Hartley
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B Borm
- Goethe-Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B J B Crowley
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom and AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J W O Harris
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - D C Hochhaus
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Research Division, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fr Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Kaempfer
- Helmholtzinstitut Jena, Fröbelstieg 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - K Li
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Research Division, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fr Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Neumayer
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and Research Division, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fr Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L K Pattison
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - F Pfeifer
- Goethe-Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S Richardson
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom and AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - A P L Robinson
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - I Uschmann
- Helmholtzinstitut Jena, Fröbelstieg 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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White TG, Vorberger J, Brown CRD, Crowley BJB, Davis P, Glenzer SH, Harris JWO, Hochhaus DC, Le Pape S, Ma T, Murphy CD, Neumayer P, Pattison LK, Richardson S, Gericke DO, Gregori G. Observation of inhibited electron-ion coupling in strongly heated graphite. Sci Rep 2012. [PMID: 23189238 PMCID: PMC3506979 DOI: 10.1038/srep00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Creating non-equilibrium states of matter with highly unequal electron and lattice temperatures (T(ele)≠T(ion)) allows unsurpassed insight into the dynamic coupling between electrons and ions through time-resolved energy relaxation measurements. Recent studies on low-temperature laser-heated graphite suggest a complex energy exchange when compared to other materials. To avoid problems related to surface preparation, crystal quality and poor understanding of the energy deposition and transport mechanisms, we apply a different energy deposition mechanism, via laser-accelerated protons, to isochorically and non-radiatively heat macroscopic graphite samples up to temperatures close to the melting threshold. Using time-resolved x ray diffraction, we show clear evidence of a very small electron-ion energy transfer, yielding approximately three times longer relaxation times than previously reported. This is indicative of the existence of an energy transfer bottleneck in non-equilibrium warm dense matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G White
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
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Lee JD, Han SW, Miyawaki N, Gomi H. Comment on "temperature-dependent localized excitations of doped carriers in superconducting diamond". PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:199701-199702. [PMID: 19519005 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.199701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A Comment on the Letter by K. Ishizaka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 166402 (2008)10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.166402. The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.
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